IGlycemia iyinkomba yezinga likashukela (ushukela) egazini. IGlucose ibizwa ngokuthi i-carbohydrate elula, enikeza wonke amaseli nezicubu zomzimba ngamandla, okungukuthi, kubhekwa njengohlobo lwamafutha. Okokuqala, umuthi uyadingeka ekusebenzeni okufanele kohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi nezicubu zemisipha.
Umzimba womuntu wenziwe ngendlela yokuthi nsuku zonke ulawule ushukela osegazini, ngoba ukukhuphuka noma ukuncipha kwabo okubucayi kuyingozi empilweni. Ukhuphuka ushukela wegazi (i-hyperglycemia) akuyona nje inqubo yokuzivocavoca eyenzeka ngemuva kokudla ukudla, kepha futhi kuwuphawu lwezifo eziningi ezidinga ukuxilongwa nokulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi.
Kuyini ubungozi beshukela eliphezulu, imiphi imiphumela nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nalesi simo, kucatshangelwa esihlokweni.
Kancane mayelana iqhaza leglucose
Ngemuva kokudla okungena emzimbeni, izinqubo zokucutshungulwa kwazo zethulwa. Ama-carbohydrate, njengamaprotheni, ama-lipids, aqala ukugqekeza abe yizakhi ezincane, kufaka ne-glucose monosaccharide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushukela udonswa odongeni lwamathumbu bese ungena egazini, ushukela wegazi ophakeme uthathwa njengophilayo. Lesi simo asihlali isikhathi eside, kuze kufakwe izindlela zokuncindezela.
Ama-pancreas athola isibonakaliso esivela ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi mayelana nesidingo sokubuyisela i-glycemia kokujwayelekile. Inani elithile lezinto ezisebenza ngama-insulin likhishwa. Ihambisa ushukela emangqamuzaneni nezicubu, "ibavulele iminyango."
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sezimo ezithile ze-pathological, i-insulin ayikwazi ukuthumela ushukela kumaseli ngenxa yobuningi bayo obunganele noma ezimweni lapho izicubu zomzimba zilahlekelwa umuzwa wazo kukho. Okusho ukuthi, amangqamuzana 'awayiboni' into esetshenziswayo yehomoni. Lezi zindlela zombili zokuthuthukiswa kokushukela okuphezulu zimpawu zesifo sikashukela, kepha ngezinhlobo zazo ezihlukile.
Isifo sikashukela singenye yezizathu zokuthi kunesilinganiso esikhuphukayo sikashukela egazini
Ngaphezu "kwesifo esimnandi", kunezinye izimo ezingase zihambisane neglucose yesikhashana noma yesikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuphendukela embuzweni wezimbangela, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi iziphi izibalo ze-glycemic ezithathwa njengezamukelekile, nokuthi yini engaphezulu kobubanzi obujwayelekile.
Yiziphi izibalo zoshukela ezithathwa njengejwayelekile?
Izinkomba ezejwayelekile zeglucose egazini yilezo zinombolo ezibhekwa njengezosebenza kahle ngokujwayelekile kokusebenza komzimba kanye nokugeleza kwezinqubo ezibalulekile. Kunezibalo ezivunywe nguMnyango Wezempilo ezithathwa njengejwayelekile. Izinkomba zincike emaphuzwini alandelayo:
- igazi le-venous lisetshenziselwa ukuhlola noma i-capillary;
- iminyaka yobudala;
- ukuba khona kwezinqubo ezihlobene ze-pathological.
Kusuka esikhathini sokuzalwa nangezinsuku zokuqala ezingama-28 zokuphila kwengane, okuphezulu okuvunyelwe ngu-4.4 mmol / l. Uma i-glucose ingaphansi kuka-2.8 mmol / L, ungacabanga ngokwehla kwayo okubucayi. Ukusuka enyangeni eyi-1 yokuphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-5-6, isilinganiso esivumelekile sikhuphukela ku-5 mmol / l, bese - size sifike ku-5.55 mmol / l, esihambisana nezibalo ze-glycemia zomuntu okhulile.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, indlela ejwayelekile yoshukela ihlala ifana neyomuntu osemdala, noma kunjalo, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa singakhula ngalesi sikhathi. Lesi yisimo lapho amaseli womzimba wowesifazane elahlekelwa ukuzwela kwawo ku-insulin (njengendlela yokuzimela ye-insulin ezimele yesifo sikashukela). I-Pathology inyamalala ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane.
Funda kabanzi ngokwandisa ushukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungatholakala kule ndatshana.
Ngokukhula kweminyaka, ukuzwela kwezicubu ezinama-insulin receptors kuyancipha kancane kancane, okuhambisana nokuncipha kwenani lama-receptors ngokwawo kanye nokwanda kwesisindo somzimba. Ngokuhambisana, izibalo ezamukelekayo ze-glycemic kubantu asebekhulile ziguqukela phezulu ziye phezulu.
Izimbangela Zokukhuphuka Kweglucose
Ushukela omningi ubangela imenyu eyakhiwe ngendlela engafanele. Ukudla ngokweqile ama-carbohydrate kungakhuphula amanani we-glucose egazini, noma kunjalo, lesi simo sithathwa njengokuphilayo.
Uma ama-pancreas ebhekana nemisebenzi, izimpawu ze-hyperglycemia zizokhulunywa kancane futhi zibe zesikhashana, ngoba i-insulin izobuyisela izinkomba zibe ezejwayelekile. Kufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi ingxenye kashukela ifakwa emafutheni amanoni, okusho ukuthi isisindo somzimba womuntu sizokwenyuka.
Ukuhlukumezeka kokudla kwe-carbohydrate kungenye yezici ze-etiological ze-hyperglycemia.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungavela izinkinga:
- engxenyeni yesistimu yenhliziyo - umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nengozi enkulu yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo;
- engxenyeni ye-lipid metabolism - inani le-cholesterol "embi" ne-triglycerides lenyuka kakhulu, okucasulayo ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo ye-atherosclerotic;
- ohlangothini lokuzwela kwama-cell receptors kuma-insulin e-hormone - ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, amaseli nezicubu "zibona zimbi" i-hormone.
Imithi
Ukwanda ushukela wegazi kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngemithi ethile:
- okokugcobisa;
- ama-hormone e-adrenal cortex;
- i-glucagon;
- Abasebenzisi be-beta abangakhethi.
Ukuxineka
Isizathu esilandelayo umthelela emzimbeni wezimo ezicindezelayo. Le nto ayisebenzi ngokuqondile, kepha ngokuncipha kwamandla okuvikela, ukwehla kwezinqubo ze-metabolic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucindezela kukhuthaza ukuvela kwama-hormone, athathwa njengabaphikisi be-insulin, okungukuthi, anciphisa umphumela wawo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-pancreas.
Ukutheleleka
Izifo zesifo esithathelwanayo nezivuvukelayo zithinta neqiniso lokuthi kuneglucose ekhuphukayo egazini. Ukuze umzimba womuntu ukwazi ukumelana nama-pathological agents, udinga izinsiza zamandla. Isibindi siqala inqubo ye-gluconeogeneis - isendlalelo esizimele sikashukela esivela esitokisini sezinto ezingezona i-carbohydrate. Umphumela uba yi-hyperglycemia yesikhashana, engadingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile.
Ukuntuleka kwe-insulin
Esinye sezizathu ezibalulekile eziba yisici esibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Ukuntuleka kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kunomhlabathi oyifa. Ikhula kaningi isencane, itholakala ngisho nasezinganeni.
Ukwanda koshukela wegazi kucasulwa iqiniso lokuthi i-hormone ayanele ukuthutha ama-molecule eglucose kumaseli nezicubu. Amasosha omzimba uqobo abhubhisa amaseli emfihlo we-insulin of pancreas awo. Ingxenye kashukela icutshungulwa isibindi, enye ikhishwa emchameni. Inani elincane ligcinwa endaweni yokugcina izicubu ze-adipose. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-hyperglycemia iba yingozi, ngoba ukusebenza kwayo kuthathwa njengokubaluleke kakhulu.
Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kohlobo lwe- "matenda amnandi" 1
Izici ezilandelayo zesakhiwo ziyahlupheka:
- amangqamuzana obuchopho;
- imithambo yegazi;
- uhlelo lwezinzwa oluzungeza umzimba;
- izinso
- umhlaziyi obonakalayo;
- imilenze ephansi.
Izinqubo zeTumor
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamathumbu ezingadala ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hyperglycemia. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-pheochromocytoma ne-glucagon. I-Pheochromocytoma ingukuqubuka kwe-adrenal cortex. Lapho kwenzeka, ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone aphikisayo (i-adrenaline, i-norepinephrine, i-dopamine), okuyiziphikiseli ze-insulin, kuyanda.
I-Glucagonoma isimila esisebenza ngama-hormone esikhiqiza ngokuzimela i-glucagon. Le hormone nayo inomphumela ophambene, onciphisa amazinga e-insulin egazini.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Kunama-degree ambalwa wesimo ahlukaniswe ngokuya ngezinkomba zoshukela:
- Imnene - ushukela awudluli ku-8.3 mmol / L. Izimpawu zingaba mnene noma zicishe zingabonakali.
- I-Medium - ushukela awuweli emgqeni we-11 mmol / L. Izimpawu ze-pathology zichazwe kahle.
- Kakhulu - ngaphezulu kuka-11.1 mmol / L. Iningi labantu selivele linezimpawu ze-ketoacidosis.
Izimpawu
Ngeshwa, isigaba sokuqala senqubo ye-pathological asibonwa. I-Hyperglycemia engokomzimba cishe ayinazibonakaliso. Isifiso sokuphuza uketshezi oluningi kuphela okuwuphawu, futhi noma ngabe sesikhashana.
Kubalulekile! Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, kunezimpawu ezibonakalayo zokuthi inani elikhudlwana le-glucose egazini liyavela uma kwenzeka kufe ama-85% amaseli e-pancreatic insulin. Lokhu kuchaza ukungasebenzi kwenqubo ye-pathological.
Ubunzima bezimpawu bubonisa ubulukhuni balesi simo
Kamuva, isiguli sinezikhalazo ezilandelayo:
- ukwehla kwesisindo ngokudla okwandayo;
- ukuchama njalo;
- ukoma kwe-pathological;
- umuzwa womlomo owomile;
- ukulunywa kwesikhumba, imivimbo evamile yemvelo engacacile;
- ukukhathala okungapheli;
- ukozela
- isimo sokudangala.
I-glycemia ephezulu itholakala ekuhlolweni kwegazi, futhi kamuva nomchamo. Ngokuqhubeka kwe-hyperglycemia, ukubonakaliswa kwe-pathology kukhulunywa kakhulu.
Ungafunda kabanzi ngezimpawu zikashukela wegazi eliphakeme egazini egazini kule ndatshana.
Izimo ezibucayi
Izinga elibucayi likashukela egazini lingaholela ekukhuleni kwesigaxa, futhi uma kungekho usizo, kuphumela ekufeni. Lokhu kwenzeka kanjena:
Kusho ukuthini ushukela wegazi ophansi?- Ngenxa yokuthi i-glucose ingangeni kumaseli, labo abathola amandla aphelelwa ngamandla.
- Isibindi siyaphendula kulokhu, siqala ukuhlanganisa ushukela ngokwaso, kodwa kuningi kakhulu kwalo esegazini.
- Umzimba uzama ukuxazulula inkinga ngendlela ehlukile ngokuguqula amaseli wamafutha akhona abe amandla.
- Ngenxa yalezi zinqubo ezinjalo, izidumbu ze-acetone (ketone) zikhishwa ziye egazini, ezondla amaseli, kepha zephula ngokumangazayo i-pH yegazi.
- Lesi simo sibizwa nge- ketoacidosis, sibhekwa njengenye yezinkinga ezinkulu zesifo sikashukela.
Kubalulekile! Nge-acidity yegazi, abantu abayi-7,0 bawela ekhefini, uma izinombolo zehlela ku-6,87, ukufa kwenzeka.
Lapho eqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga, udokotela uthembela kuzinkomba zaselebhu
Ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwemizimba ye-acetone esegazini, umzimba uzama ukuyisusa, ucubungula umchamo (ketonuria). Emoyeni ophelile womuntu ogulayo, iphunga le-acetone liyabonakala futhi. Ukulimala kwekhanda elinzima kwenzeka, izimpawu ze-hyperglycemia zivezwa kakhulu. Isisu sobuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu kanye nokuhlanza kuyavela, ukuphefumula kuba kukhulu futhi kujule.
Isimo sidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelashwa. Uma umuntu engena ekhefini, angalondolozwa kuphela amahora angama-4-8.
Izimiso zosizo lokuqala nezokwelashwa
Ukuthi wenzeni ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-ketoacidosis nokuthi ungaselapha kanjani isimo se-hyperglycemia, udokotela oyi-endocrinologist uzokutshela. Ngokukhuphuka okukhulu kwe-glucose egazini, landela lezi zincomo:
- Udinga ukwazi izinga le-glycemia. Ekhaya, lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa i-glucometer, esimweni sesibhedlela - ngezindlela zaselebhu (in capillary or venous damu serum).
- Nikeza inani elikhulu lamanzi okuphuza, kepha uma umuntu engazi, kufanele angagcwaliswa ngamanzi.
- Faka insulin uma umuntu eyisebenzisa.
- Uma kunesidingo, ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo ngokulaliswa esibhedlela okuphoqelekile.
Esibhedlela, i-gastric lavage noma i-enema yenziwa ngesisombululo se-soda ukuze kubuyiswe ibhalansi ye-acid-base.
Ungafunda kabanzi ngokufanele ukwenze uma kungenzeka ukwanda kwe-glycemia kule ndatshana.
Ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kungokulandelayo. Kufanele ulandele ukudla okune-carb ephansi, ukhuphule inani lezithelo nemifino ekudleni, kufanele ubushiye ngokuphelele utshwala. Kuyadingeka ukuthi udle kaningi, kepha ezingxenyeni ezincane, ukubuka ngokusobala ukungena kwekhalori yansuku zonke, kubalwa ngakunye. Ushukela ovela ekudleni kufanele uqedwe ngokuphelele; esikhundleni salokho, izinsiza ezinoshukela zivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa.
I-Endocrinologist - uchwepheshe owakha inqubo yokwelashwa yesifo sikashukela kanye nokunye ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa yi-hyperglycemia
Ngohlobo lwe-1 mellitus yesifo sikashukela, irejimeni yokwelashwa kwe-insulin ilungiswa, futhi ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, amaphilisi okwehlisa ushukela asetshenziselwa ukubuyisela i-glycemia emazingeni ajwayelekile. Imfuneko yokwelashwa iyizinga elanele lomsebenzi womzimba. Ukwenza izivivinyo ezikhethekile kubangela ukukhuthaza okungeziwe kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin futhi kukhulisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana nezicubu zomzimba ku-hormone.
Ukuhambisana nezincomo zochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze impilo futhi uvikele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezahlukahlukene.
