Amathuba okukhula kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni aphezulu kakhulu kunabadala. Futhi-ke, udinga ukubheka njalo izinga lokukhuphuka kweglucose yabo yegazi - kuyanconywa ukuthatha ukuhlaziywa okungenani isikhathi esingu-1 ezinyangeni ezi-6. Ushukela wegazi ezinganeni ungahluka ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ehlukile futhi, okokuqala, kuya ngeminyaka yengane.
Okudingayo ukwazi
Ushukela osegazini (ushukela) wenza umsebenzi owodwa obalulekile - ugcwalisa amaseli ngamandla. Esiswini nasezicubu zemisipha, i-glycogen yakhiwa kusuka kuyo, eqongelela emangqamuzaneni futhi ibambe iqhaza kulezo zimo lapho umzimba uqala ukuzwa ukuntuleka kwamandla - ngokudla okunganele kwama-carbohydrate kuwo noma ngokuzikhandla ngokomzimba okunamandla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwe-DNA ne-RNA akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kweglucose, ngoba kuphela okungaguqukela ku-pentoses. Kuyadingeka futhi ekukhiqizweni kwe-glucuronic acid, okudingeka ukuvikela umzimba ubuthi nakumakhemikhali enza izidakamizwa. Ngamanye amagama, ushukela yinto ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni. Ngaphandle kwayo, cishe zonke izinqubo ziyancipha futhi ziphazamiseke, futhi ezinye azikwazi ukwenzeka ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwakhe.
Kodwa-ke, hhayi kuphela ukusweleka kweglucose okuholela ezinkingeni zezempilo. Ukuphakamisa izinga lakhe nakho kuyingozi. Lapho ushukela ungena emzimbeni, ngaphansi kwesenzo se-insulin, ugqekeza ube yizakhi eziningana - lezo ezizuzisayo zidonswa egazini, "ezimbi" zikhishwa ngokwemvelo.
Amanyikwe ahileleka ekwenziweni kwe-insulin. Ngokuhlanganiswa okunganele kwale nto, ukucubungula ushukela emzimbeni kuyaphazamiseka, okucasulayo ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela. Amaseli ayeka ukuthola amandla ngesilinganiso abakudinga ngaso ukusebenza okujwayelekile, bese kuba nzima ngomzimba ukugcina amanzi abo ngaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokhu, wonke uketshezi luqala ukudlula ezinso, lubonise umthwalo onamandla kuzo futhi luvuse ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo ze-metabolic ziyaphazamiseka, ezithinta kakhulu amasosha omzimba, izicubu zombono, amathambo, isimiso sezinzwa esiphakathi kanye nohlelo lwenhliziyo.
Yini inqubo
Amazinga kashukela egazini ezinganeni kumele ngokujwayelekile abe phakathi kuka-2.8 no-5.5 mmol / L. Kepha la magugu angahluka futhi ancike, okokuqala, kubudala bengane nesimo sakhe sempilo esijwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ezinganeni ngesikhathi sokutheleleka ngegciwane, lezi zinkomba zingadlula okujwayelekile, kepha hhayi ngaphezu kwama-0,5-0,7 amayunithi.
Isimo samazinga kashukela wegazi ezinganeni, kucatshangelwa isigaba seminyaka
Uma utadisha ngokucophelela itafula, kungaphawulwa ukuthi ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa nezingane kuze kube unyaka, amanani eglucose egazi aphansi. Lesi yisimo esijwayelekile, esibangelwa izici zezinqubo ze-metabolic. Lapho ingane ikhula, izidingo zayo ziba ziphezulu, okuholela ekwandeni kwalezi zinkomba. Futhi lapho befika eminyakeni engu-5-7, baba ngokufana nakomdala.
Uma ulinganisa izinga likashukela egazini enganeni imizuzu eyi-10-15 ngemuva kokudla, khona-ke kuzoba nokwanda kwezinkomba zalo ngaphezulu kokujwayelekile. Lokhu akuyona i-pathology, ngaphandle kokuthi le miphumela igcinwa amahora angama-2-3. Lokhu kungenxa yenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuqhekeka kashukela.
Ngemuva kokungena emzimbeni, ihlehla ibe ama-carbohydrate alula - i-fructose ne-galactose. Lezi zinto ekuqaleni zingena emathunjini amancane, bese zidluliselwa esibindini, lapho ziguqulwa zibe ushukela.
Futhi ngenkathi zonke lezi zinqubo zenzeka, amazinga kashukela wegazi ayenyuka. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-physiological hyperglycemia. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ngaphansi kwethonya le-insulin, lezi zinkomba zibuyela kokujwayelekile.
Uma lokhu kungenzeki futhi kuphawulwa ngokuhlelekile, khona-ke sesingavele sikhulume ngokwakhiwa kwesifo sikashukela. Kulokhu, udinga ukubheka njalo ukufundwa koshukela egazini.
Ungaluthola kanjani ushukela wegazi wengane
Izinga likashukela egazini enganeni litholakala ngezindlela eziningi - ngokudlula ekuhlolweni kwegazi elinamakhemikhali esibhedlela lisebenzisa idivaysi ekhethekile esetshenziswa ngabashukela - i-glucometer.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze uthole imiphumela ethembekile, ukuhlaziya kumele kuqedwe kahle nangezigaba eziningana. Isikhathi sokuqala kuthathwa igazi ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo ekuseni (esiswini esingenalutho), okwesibili - amahora amabili ngemuva kokudla.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ezinganeni kuyinqubo enobunzima
Uma ukuhlaziya kwenziwa ekhaya, khona-ke kufanele uqondiswe kuphela izinombolo ezokhonjiswa yizo esibukweni. Uma bengeqi okwejwayelekile, ngakho-ke akukho lutho okufanele bakhathazeke ngalo. Uma izinga likashukela wegazi lidlula lemikhawulo engenhla, khona-ke ingane idinga ukukhombisa udokotela ngokuphuthumayo.
Ngokwemvelo, umphumela onokwethenjelwa kakhulu wohlolo lwegazi unikezwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi elinamakhemikhali anikezwa emtholampilo. I-decoding yayo, eyenziwa udokotela, ikuvumela ukuthi uthole imininingwane efanele ngesimo sempilo yengane.
Yini engaholela ekutheni igxume ushukela wegazi
Lapho izinga likashukela egazini lidlula imikhawulo ephezulu yesimo esejwayelekile, khona-ke lesi simo emithini sibizwa nge-hyperglycemia.
Ingenzeka nge-pathologies nemibandela ehlukahlukene, isibonelo, nge:
Ushukela wegazi- Isifo sikashukela mellitus. Ikhula ngokumelene nesizinda sokuntuleka kwe-insulin okuvela ekunciphiseni ukucasha kwe-pancreatic.
- I-Thyrotooticosis. Lesi sifo sibonakaliswa ukukhiqizwa okusebenzayo kwama-hormone egilo, anomthelela ekuqhekekeni kwama-carbohydrate, okuholela ekwandeni koshukela wegazi.
- Izinsimbi zobuchopho. Ukuba khona kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza ebuchosheni kuholela ekukhuleni kwezinga le-ACTH, elibonisa ukuthi izindlala ze-adrenal zikhiqize amahomoni amaningi. Ngaphansi kwethonya labo, kukhona ukwanda koshukela wegazi.
- Ukucindezela okukhulu. Lapho ingane ibhekana nengcindezi noma iphoqelelwa ukuba ibe ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle kuyena, iqala ukukhiqiza ngentshiseko i-adrenaline ne-cortisol emzimbeni wakhe, okuholela ekukhuleni kwezinga lama-hormone okucindezela. Ngaphansi kwethonya lawo, ushukela wegazi ungakhuphuka kakhulu futhi udlule izimiso ezikhonjisiwe.
Isici se-Hereditary entuthukweni yesifo sikashukela ezinganeni sikhulisa ubungozi balesi sifo
Uma ucabanga ngezizathu eziholela ekwandeni kweglucose yegazi, kufanele kwenziwe inothi elehlukile ngokuthatha umuthi. Ziqukethe izinto zamakhemikhali nezinto zokwenziwa, ukuvezwa isikhathi eside emzimbeni wazo okuholela ekwandeni kwalezi zinkomba. Ukudonswa kwe-glucocorticoids, okunomthelela kusebenze kokuqalwa koshukela esibindini, kunamandla kakhulu emazingeni kashukela wegazi.
Izimpawu zikashukela wegazi eliphezulu enganeni
Uma izinga likashukela wengane lijwayelekile, uzizwa kahle - akukho okumkhathazayo, ukusebenza kwengqondo nomzimba kuhlala kulisezingeni elifanele. Uma i-glucose egazini iqala ukwanda, khona-ke izinguquko ezibalulekile esimweni nasekuziphatheni kwengane kungaphawulwa.
Okokuqala, uqala ukuphuza kakhulu. Ukhuphuka ushukela kuholela komlomo owomile nokoma okungenakuqhathaniswa. Okwesibili, ukuchama okuvamisile kuyabhekwa futhi nenani lomchamo ochithiwe landa. Lezi yizimpawu zokuqala neziyinhloko zoshukela ophezulu wegazi.
Uma ingane isivele inesifo sikashukela, khona-ke izinkomba ezilandelayo zingamkhathaza:
- amanxeba amade angapholi futhi aqhekeze, ukubonakala kwesikhumba sokuqhuma, ama-pustule;
- ukucwilisa isikhumba;
- ukuzindla kwenhliziyo;
- ukukhuphuka kokujuluka;
- ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi;
- kwehlise i-acuity ebonakalayo;
- ubuthakathaka bemisipha;
- ushintsho kwesisindo somzimba - ukukhuphuka kanye nokwehla kwalo kungabhekwa (kuya ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela);
- ukudumba kwemikhawulo engezansi;
- ikhanda
- ukuncipha kokuzwela kwesikhumba;
- umoya we-acetone.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma ingane inoshukela omkhulu wegazi
Uma ingane inyuse ushukela wegazi, khona-ke zonke izindlela zokunciphisa kufanele kuvunyelwane nodokotela. Kubalulekile ukucabanga ngezinto ezimbalwa:
- iminyaka yengane;
- liyini izinga likashukela egazini nokuthi mangaki amayunithi awedlula okujwayelekile;
- izinkomba ezingakanani ezanda isikhathi ziyabalwa;
- izimbangela zokukhuphuka ushukela egazini.
Izinkinga ezinokwenzeka zesifo sikashukela
Uma izinkomba zedlula kancane imingcele yezimo, khona-ke alukho ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa olunqunyiwe. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa indlela ekhethekile yokudla ekwelapheni, ekuvumela ukuthi unciphise ushukela wegazi ngokwemvelo.
Uma ukudla kunganiki imiphumela emihle futhi ukugcwala kweglucose egazini kuyaqhubeka ukwanda, izidakamizwa zibekiwe. Lokho abazoba yikho, kuphela udokotela onqumayo, ebheka lezi zinto ezingenhla. Lezi kungaba yizidakamizwa ezinomthelela wokuwohloka ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi noma ezinegalelo ekubuyiselweni emuva kwesizinda se-hormonal, kanye nemithi ethuthukisa izinqubo ze-metabolic futhi yakha ukushoda kwamavithamini namaminerali athile emzimbeni.
Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi isifo sikashukela yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi esingenalo uhlobo olulodwa lokwelashwa. Lapha, konke kukhethwe ngakunye. Futhi uma lokhu kugula kuqale ukuvela enganeni yakho, ungazindli. Lokhu kungalimaza ingane kuphela futhi kuholele ekonakaleni kwempilo yakhe.
