Ukuhlukaniswa kwamalungiselelo we-insulin

I-insulin yi-hormone ebalulekile ekhiqizwa ngamaqembu amaseli we-pancreatic akhiwe emsileni wayo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wento esebenzayo ukulawula izinqubo ze-metabolic ngokulinganisa izinga le-glucose egazini. I-secretion yama-hormone angasebenzi kahle, ebangela ukuba amazinga kashukela akhuphuke, ibizwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela. Abantu abahlaselwe yilesi sifo badinga ukwelashwa okungezelelwe okuqhubekayo nokulungiswa kokudla.

Njengoba izinga le-hormone emzimbeni alanele ukubhekana nemisebenzi, odokotela banquma izidakamizwa ezibuyiselayo, into esebenzayo yazo okuyi-insulin etholakala ngokwenziwa kwelebhu. Lokhu okulandelayo yizinhlobo eziphambili ze-insulin, nokuthi yikuphi ukukhetha kwalokhu noma lowo muthi osuselwa kuwo.

Izigaba zeHormone

Kunezigaba eziningana ngokwesisekelo lapho i-endocrinologist ikhetha uhlobo lonyango. Ngomsuka nezinhlobo, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zemithi ziyahlukaniswa:

• I-insulin eyenziwe kusukela kumanyikwe abamele izinkomo. Umehluko wawo kusuka ku-hormone yomzimba womuntu wukuba khona kwamanye ama-amino acid amathathu, okubandakanya ukuthuthukiswa kokuvela komzimba njalo.
• I-Porcine insulin isondelene nesakhiwo samakhemikhali kuma-hormone womuntu. Umehluko wayo ukushintshwa kwe-amino acid eyodwa kuphela kwiphrotheyini.
• Ukulungiswa komkhomo kwehluka ngehomoni yomuntu eyisisekelo ngisho nangaphezu kwalokho okwenziwe ngezinkomo. Kusetshenziswa kakhulu kakhulu.
• I-analogue yomuntu, ehlelwe ngezindlela ezimbili: kusetshenziswa i-Escherichia coli (insulin yomuntu) nangokufaka i-amino acid “engafanele” ku-porcine hormone (uhlobo lwenjini).

I-insulin molecule - inhlayiya encane kunazo zonke yehomoni, equkethe ama-amino acid ayi-16

Isakhi

Ukuhlukaniswa okulandelayo kwezinhlobo ze-insulin kususelwa enanini lezakhi. Uma umuthi uqukethe ukukhishwa kwama-pancreas ohlobo olulodwa lwesilwane, ngokwesibonelo, ingulube noma inkunzi kuphela, kubhekiswa kuma-monovoid agents. Ngokuhlanganiswa kanyekanye kokukhishwe kwezinhlobo zezilwane eziningana, i-insulin ibizwa ngokuthi ihlanganisiwe.

Izinga lokuhlanzwa

Ngokuya ngesidingo sokuhlanzwa kwento esebenzisa ama-hormone, lesi sigaba esilandelayo sikhona:

• Ithuluzi lendabuko ukwenza umuthi ube uketshezi oluningi nge-ethanol ene-acid, bese ufeza ukufilitha, usawoti ngaphandle bese kufakwa ezikhathini eziningi. Indlela yokuhlanza ayiphelele, ngoba inani elikhulu lokungcola lihlala ekwakhiweni kwento.
• Ukulungiswa kweMonopik - esigabeni sokuqala sokuzihlanza kusetshenziswa indlela yendabuko, bese uthwebula usebenzisa ijeli ekhethekile. Izinga lokungcola lingaphansi kunendlela yokuqala.
• Umkhiqizo we-monocomponent - Ukuhlanza okujulile kusetshenziswa ngokuvinjiswa kwamangqamuzana kanye ne-ion chromatography, okuyindlela enhle kakhulu yomzimba womuntu.

Ijubane nesikhathi

Izidakamizwa ze-Hormonal zifakwa ngokulingana ngejubane lokuthuthuka komphumela kanye nobude besikhathi sokusebenza:

• i-ultrashort;
• mfushane
• ubude besikhathi esiphakathi;
• eside (enwetshiwe);
• kuhlangene (kuhlangene).

Indlela yesenzo sabo ingahlukahluka, okucatshangelwa uchwepheshe lapho ekhetha umuthi wokwelashwa.

Ukuhambisana nomthamo nesikhathi sokuphathwa kwe-insulin kuyisisekelo sempumelelo yokwelashwa

I-Ultrashort

Kuklanyelwe ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi ngokushesha. Lezi zinhlobo ze-insulin zilawulwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokudla, njengoba umphumela wokusetshenziswa uvela emizuzwini eyi-10 yokuqala. Umphumela osebenza kakhulu womuthi uba, ngemuva kwehora nesigamu.

Isi-Humalogue

I-analogue ye-insulin yomuntu kanye nommeli weqembu lesenzo se-ultrashort. Ihluka nge-hormone eyisisekelo ngokulandelana kokuhlelwa kwama-amino acid. Isikhathi sokusebenza singafinyelela emahoreni angama-4.

Isetshenziselwa uhlobo lwe-1 isifo sikashukela, ukungabekezeleli izidakamizwa zamanye amaqembu, ukumelana nokuqina kwe-insulin ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, uma izidakamizwa zomlomo zingasebenzi.

I-NovoRapid

Ukulungiswa kwe-Ultrashort kususelwa ku-insulin aspart. Itholakala njengesixazululo esingenamibala kuma-syringes wepeni. Ngamunye uphethe ama-3 ml womkhiqizo alingana nama-300 PIECES we-insulin. Kuyi-analogue yehomoni yomuntu eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-E. coli. Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi kungenzeka kunqunyelwe kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokuzala.

I-Apidra

Omunye ummeleli odumile waleli qembu. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha abantu abadala nezingane ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-6. Kusetshenziswa ngokucophelela ekwelapheni abakhulelwe nabadala. Uhlobo lomthamo lukhethiwe ngamunye. Iphathwe ngokungagudli noma kusetshenziswa uhlelo olukhethekile lokupompa.

Amalungiselelo amafushane

Abamele leli qembu babonakala ngokuthi isenzo sabo siqala ngemizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30 futhi sithatha amahora angama-6. Ama-insulin amafushane adinga ukuphathwa imizuzu eyi-15 ngaphambi kokuba ukudla kungeniswe. Amahora ambalwa ngemuva komjovo, kungakuhle ukuthi wenze “isidlo” esincane.

Kwezinye izimo zemitholampilo, ochwepheshe bahlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo amafushane nama-insulin asebenza isikhathi eside. Hlola kuqala isimo sesiguli, indawo yokulawulwa kwe-hormone, umthamo nezinkomba ze-glucose.

Ukulawulwa kwe-glucose - ingxenye engapheli yokwelashwa kwe-insulin

Abamele abadume kakhulu:

• I- "Actrapid NM" isidakamizwa esenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo esinikezwa ngokungaziphathi kahle nangokuzenzela. Ukuphathwa kwe-Intramuscular kungenzeka futhi, kepha kuphela njengoba kuyalelwe uchwepheshe. Umuthi odokotela.
• "I-Humulin Regular" - ibekelwa isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, isifo esisanda kutholwa futhi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa sinefomu elizimele lesifo le-insulin. Ukuphathwa kokugudluza, ukwakheka kwemicabango nokungena emzimbeni kungenzeka. Kutholakala kuma-cartridge kanye namabhodlela.
• I- "Humodar R" umuthi owenziwe ngamanqamu ungahlanganiswa ne-insulin esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo. Akunemikhawulo yokusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuqunjelwa.
• "I-Monodar" - imiselwe izifo zohlobo 1 no-2, ukumelana namathebulethi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukulungiswa kwengulube yengulube.
• I- "Biosulin R" luhlobo olwakhiwe ngofuzo lomkhiqizo olutholakala emabhodleleni nakuma-cartridge. Kuhlanganiswe ne "Biosulin N" - insulin yesikhathi sesikhathi sesenzo.

Ama-Insulin Esikhathi Esimaphakathi

Lokhu kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa ezinesikhathi sokwenza kwazo kubanga kusuka emahoreni angama-8 kuye kwayi-12. Imithamo engu-2-3 yanele ngosuku. Baqala ukusebenza ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 ngemuva komjovo.

Abamele iqembu:

• ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo - "" Biosulin N "," Insuran NPH "," Protafan NM "," Humulin NPH ";
• amalungiselelo e-synt-synthetic - "Humodar B", "Biogulin N";
• insulin yengulube - Protafan MS, Monodar B;
• ukumiswa kwe-zinc - "iMonotard MS".

Izidakamizwa "ezinde"

Ukuqala kokusebenza kwezimali kukhula ngemuva kwamahora angama-4-8 futhi kungahlala kufike ezinsukwini eziyi-1.5-2. Umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu uboniswa phakathi kwamahora angu-8 kuye kwangama-16 kusukela ngomzuzu wokujova.

I-Lantus

Umuthi ungowabaphethe intengo ephezulu. Into esebenzayo ekwakhiweni yi-insulin glargine. Ngokuqapha kunqunywe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Sebenzisa ekwelapheni ushukela ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 akunconywa. Ihanjiswa ngokunzulu ngokungacunuli kanye ngosuku ngasikhathi sinye.

Syringe ipeni ngama-cartridges angabuyiselwa - umjovo olungele futhi ohlanganisiwe

"I-Insulin Lantus", enomphumela ohlala isikhathi eside, isetshenziswa njengomuthi owodwa futhi ngokuhlanganiswa neminye imithi okuhloswe ngayo ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi. Kutholakala ngamapeni wesirinji namakharaji wesistimu yepompo. Ikhishwa ngomuthi kuphela.

Levemir Penfill

Ikhambi elivezwe ngumsizi we-insulin. I-analogue yayo nguLevemir Flexpen. Idizayinelwe kuphela ukuphatha okungaqondakali. Kuhlanganiswe nemithi ebekwe etafuleni, ngandlela-thile ukhetha umthamo.

Ama-ejenti ahlanganisiwe we-biphasic

Lawa ngamalungiselelo okumiswa, okubandakanya i-insulin “emfishane” kanye ne-insulin esebenza ngokweqile ngezindlela ezithile. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimali ezinjalo kukuvumela ukuthi ubeke umkhawulo wenani lemijovo efanelekile ngesigamu. Abamele abaphambili baleli qembu bachazwe etafuleni.

Izimo zokugcina

Ukulungiselela kumele kugcinwe esiqandisini noma esiqandisini esikhethekile. Ibhodlela elivulekile alikwazi ukugcinwa likulesi sikhathi isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-30, ngoba umkhiqizo ulahlekelwa yizinto zawo.

Uma kunesidingo sezokuhamba futhi kungenzeki ukuthutha umuthi esiqandisini, kudingeka ube nesikhwama esikhethekile nesiqandisi (ijeli noma iqhwa).

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin

Konke ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kususelwa kumarejimenti athile wokwelashwa:

• Indlela yendabuko ukuhlanganisa umuthi omfishane nohlala isikhathi eside ngesilinganiso esingu-30/70 noma 40/60, ngokulandelana. Zisetshenziselwa ekwelapheni abantu asebekhulile, iziguli ezingenalo uhlaka kanye neziguli ezinokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ngoba asikho isidingo sokubhekwa njalo kwe-glucose. Izidakamizwa ziphathwa izikhathi eziyi-1-2 ngosuku.
• Indlela eqinisiwe - umthamo wansuku zonke uhlukaniswa phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezimfishane nezisebenza isikhathi eside. Owokuqala wethulwa emva kokudla, owesibili - ekuseni nasebusuku.

Uhlobo olufunayo lwe-insulin lukhethwe udokotela, kucatshangelwa izinkomba:

• imikhuba
• ukusabela komzimba;
• inani lezingeniso ezidingekayo;
• inani lezilinganiso ushukela;
• iminyaka
• izinkomba zeglucose.

Ngakho-ke, namuhla kunezinhlobo eziningi zomuthi zokwelapha isifo sikashukela. Indlela yokwelashwa ekhethwe kahle futhi inamathela eselulekweni sikachwepheshe izosiza ukugcina amazinga eglucose ohlakeni olwemukelekayo futhi aqinisekise umsebenzi wempilo ogcwele.