Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sibonisa ukungakwazi komzimba ukudiliza i-glucose, ngenxa yalokho ihlala egazini, okudala ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene ekusebenzeni kwezicubu nezitho zangaphakathi. Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela, lokhu kungenxa yokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin enganele. Futhi ukwenza le hormone emzimbeni, odokotela banquma i-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside ezigulini zabo. Kuyini futhi isebenza kanjani le mishanguzo? Lokhu nokunye okuningi kuzoxoxwa manje.
Kungani imijovo ye-insulin idingeka?
I-insulin ekhululiwe inikezela ngokulawula okusheshayo kwe-glucose. Le mishanguzo inqunywa kuphela ngudokotela lapho ukuhlolwa kwegazi kweziguli ezizimele nge-glucometer phakathi nesonto kuqaphela ukwephulwa okukhulu kwalesi sikhombisi ekuseni.
Kulokhu, kungabekwa insulin efushane, ephakathi noma ende. Okusebenzayo kakhulu kulokhu, yiqiniso, izidakamizwa ezisebenza isikhathi eside. Zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2. Yethulwe ngokungena emzimbeni izikhathi eziyi-1-2 ngosuku.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-insulin ehlala isikhathi eside ingabekwa ezimweni lapho lowo onesifo sikashukela esevele ezinikeze imijovo esebenza ngokubambelela. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kukuvumela ukuthi unikeze umzimba ukwesekwa okudingayo futhi uvikele ukukhula kwezinkinga eziningi.
I-insulin ende iqala ukusebenza amahora angama-3-4 ngemuva kokuphathwa. Kulokhu, kukhona ukwehla koshukela wegazi kanye nentuthuko enkulu esimweni sesiguli. Umphumela omkhulu wokusetshenziswa kwawo ubonwa ngemuva kwamahora we-8-10. Umphumela owutholile ungahlala kusuka emahoreni ayi-12 kuye kwangama-24 futhi kuya ngomthamo we-insulin.
Umphumela omncane ukuvumela ukuthi uzuze umthamo we-insulin enanini lama-8010 amayunithi. Basebenza amahora angama-14-16. I-insulin ngenani lamayunithi angama-20. futhi ukwazi kakhulu ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini evamile cishe usuku. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi uma umuthi unqunywe kwimithamo yamayunithi angaphezu kwama-0.6. nge-1 kg yesisindo, khona-ke imijovo engu-2-3 ibekwa ngokushesha ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba - ithanga, ingalo, isisu, njll.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-insulin
Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-insulin enwetshiwe kahle. Ayisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa ushukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla, ngoba ayenzi masinyane ngokushesha, ngokwesibonelo, i-insulin esebenza ngokufushane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imijovo ye-insulin kumele ihlelelwe. Uma weqa isikhathi somjovo noma unwebise / unciphise igebe phambi kwabo, lokhu kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwesimo esijwayelekile sesiguli, ngoba izinga le-glucose lizolokhu “leqa”, okwandisa ubungozi bezinkinga.
Ukuthatha isikhathi eside ukufaka insulin
Imijovo engasasebenzi eyenzeka isikhathi eside ivumela abanesifo sikashukela basuse isidingo sokuphuza imithi kaningana ngosuku, ngoba banikeza ushukela wegazi usuku lonke. Lesi senzo singenxa yokuthi zonke izinhlobo ze-insulin ezisebenza isikhathi eside zinezinhlaka zamakhemikhali ekwakhiweni kwazo ezenza ukuthi zisebenze isikhathi eside.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mishanguzo inomunye umsebenzi - yehlisa ijubane inqubo yokufakwa ushukela emzimbeni, ngaleyo ndlela ihlinzeke ngcono esimweni esejwayelekile sesiguli. Umphumela wokuqala ngemuva kokuthi umjovo uphawulwe kakade ngemuva kwamahora angama-4-6, kuyilapho ungaqhubeka amahora angama-24 kuya kwayi-24, kuya ngobukhulu benkambo yesifo sikashukela.
Igama Lokuhweba le-Insulin Degludek ne-Insulin AspartIgama lezidakamizwa eziqukethe insulin ezisebenza isikhathi eside:
- Ukuzimisela;
- Glargin
- I-Ultratard;
- I-Huminsulin;
- I-Ultralong;
- I-Lantus.
Le mishanguzo kufanele ichazwe kuphela ngudokotela oholayo, ngoba kubaluleke kakhulu ukubala umthamo ofanele womuthi, ozovikela ukwenzeka kwemiphumela emibi ngemuva komjovo. Umuthi lo uphathwa ngendlela emincane ezinkalweni, emathangeni nasezingalweni.
Kuyadingeka ukugcina le mishanguzo ekushiseni kwamadigri ayi-2 (kungenzeka esiqandisini). Lokhu kuzogwema ukukhiqizwa kwe-oxidation yesidakamizwa kanye nokuvela kwengxube ye-granular kuyo. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, ibhodlela kufanele linyakaziswe ukuze okuqukethwe kwalo kungangabi nalutho.
Ukugcina ngokungafanele umuthi kunciphisa ukusebenza kwawo nempilo yeshalofu
Ama-insulin amasha asebenza isikhathi eside ahlukaniswa ubude bomphumela nokwakheka kwawo. Bahlukaniswe ngombandela ngamaqembu amabili:
- okufanayo namahomoni esintu;
- imvelaphi yezilwane.
Ezangaphambili zitholakala kumanyikwe ezinkomeni futhi zibekezelelwa kahle ngamaphesenti angama-90 abantu abanesifo sikashukela. Futhi zihlukile nge-insulin yemvelaphi yezilwane enanini lama-amino acid kuphela. Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zibiza kakhulu, kepha kunezinzuzo eziningi:
- ukuthola umphumela omkhulu wokwelapha, ukwethulwa kwemithamo emincane kuyadingeka;
- i-lipodystrophy ngemuva kokuphathwa kwabo ibonwa kaningi kakhulu;
- le mishanguzo ayibangeli ukungezwani komzimba futhi ingasetshenziswa kalula ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lalabo abanenkinga yokungezwani komzimba.
Kaningi, abanesifo sikashukela abanolwazi bangaziphindisela ngokuzimela izidakamizwa ezisebenza isikhashana nalabo abasebenza isikhathi eside. Kepha akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukwenza lokhu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngamunye wale mishanguzo wenza imisebenzi yawo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze wenze ushukela wegazi ube ngokwejwayelekile futhi uthuthukise inhlala-kahle yakho, akunakuphikwa ukuthi ungakwazi ukulungisa ukwelashwa ngokuzimele. Udokotela kuphela okufanele enze lokhu.
Ukubuyekezwa okufushane
Izidakamizwa, amagama azo azochazwa ngezansi, akunakusetshenziswa amacala ngaphandle kokuthola udokotela! Ukuzisebenzisa ngendlela engafanele kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi.
I-Basaglar
Umuthi oqukethe i-insulin, umphumela wawo uhlala amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokuphathwa. Kusetshenziselwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kuhlanganiswa nama-insulin amafushane kanye nohlobo 2 sikashukela kuhlangene nemithi ye-hypoglycemic.
Umuthi uphathwa ngokungagudluki, hhayi ngaphezulu kwesikhathi esingu-1 ngosuku. Kunconywa ukuthi unikeze imijovo ngesikhathi sokulala ngasikhathi sinye. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Basaglar kuvame ukuhambisana nokuvela kwemiphumela emibi, phakathi kwayo okuvame kakhulu ukuthi:
- komzimba
- ukuvuvukala kwamaphethelo aphansi nobuso.
Indlela yokusebenza ye-insulin emzimbeni
ITresiba
Lesi esinye sezidakamizwa ezihamba phambili, okuyi-analogue ye-insulin yabantu. 90% weziguli zibekezelelwa kahle. Kuma-diabetics athile kuphela, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuvusa amandla okuvela kokungezwani komzimba ne-lipodystrophy (ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside).
I-Tresiba ibhekisa kuma-insulin asebenza isikhathi eside angagcina ushukela wegazi ulawulwa amahora angama-42. Lesi sidakamizwa siphathwa isikhathi esingu-1 ngosuku ngasikhathi sinye. Umthamo wayo ubalwa ngawodwana.
Isikhathi eside kangaka salo muthi kungenxa yokuthi izingxenye zawo zinegalelo ekwandeni kwenqubo yokucubungula i-insulin ngamaseli omzimba kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokukhiqizwa kwale nto ngesibindi, okuvumela ukwehla okukhulu kwamazinga kashukela wegazi.
Kepha leli thuluzi linezihibe zalo. Abadala kuphela abangayisebenzisa, okungukuthi, it contraindicated ezinganeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela akunakwenzeka kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokukhishwa, ngoba lokhu kungathinta kabi impilo yengane engakazalwa.
I-Lantus
Kubuye kube yi-analogue ye-insulin yabantu. Iphathwe ngokungaziphathi, isikhathi esingu-1 ngosuku ngasikhathi sinye. Iqala ukusebenza ihora eli-1 ngemuva kokuphatha futhi ihlala isebenza amahora angama-24. Ine-analogue - Glargin.
Ubungqabavu beLantus ukuthi bungasetshenziswa ebusheni nasezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-6. Ezimweni eziningi, ibekezelelwe kahle. Abanye kuphela abanesifo sikashukela abangela ukuvela komzimba, ukuvuvukala kwamaphethelo aphansi ne-lipodystrophy.
I-Levemir
Kuyi-analog encibilanayo ye-insalle ye-insulin yabantu. Kuvumeleke amahora angama-24, okuvela ngenxa yokuzimemezela kwama-molecule we-insemir insulin endaweni yomjovo nokuboshwa kwamangqamuzana ezidakamizwa ukuze enze i-albhamuin ngeketeni elinamafutha.
Lesi sidakamizwa siphathwa ngokunqotshwa izikhathi ezingama-1-2 ngosuku, kuye ngezidingo zesiguli. Kungavusa futhi ukuvela kwe-lipodystrophy, futhi ngenxa yalokho indawo yomjovo kufanele iguqulwe njalo, noma ngabe umjovo ufakwa endaweni efanayo.
Khumbula ukuthi ama-insulin asebenza isikhathi eside izidakamizwa ezinamandla okudingeka uzisebenzise ngokuqinile ngokohlelo, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa isikhathi somjovo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinjalo kunqunywa ngudokotela uqobo, kanye nomthamo wazo.
