Izindlela Zokuthola Uhlobo Lwesifo Sikashukela

Impilo yomuntu onesifo sikashukela ihlukaniswe izikhathi ezimbili: ngaphambi kokuxilongwa nangemva kwayo. Ngeshwa, izimfanelo zalesi sifo zibonisa ukuhambisana nemithetho ethile yendlela yokuphila - uma kungenjalo isiguli sizibeka engcupheni yokuthola izinkinga ezingaholela ekufeni. Umbuthano wale mithetho ngokuqondile uncike ohlotsheni lwesifo. Lo mbhalo uzoxoxa ngokuthi yini okufanele uyibheke uma usola i-pathology nokuthi ungaluthola kanjani uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela.

Okufanele ubheke kuqala

Odokotela baphawula ukuthi isifo sikashukela sivame ukutholakala lapho umuntu evakashela ochwepheshe bamaphrofayli angalindeleki kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, udokotela wamehlo noma udokotela wesikhumba. Lokhu kuvame ukuthusa iziguli, ngoba iningi lazo alazi ukuthi isifo sikashukela kungaholela embonweni ongalunganga noma sithinte isimo sesikhumba.

Ukuqaphela ukuthi udinga ukuqapha impilo yakho ngokucophelela futhi ulalele nomzimba wakho kwesinye isikhathi kuza sekwephuze kakhulu. Kodwa ungabona ngisho nezimpawu zokuqala futhi unqume nohlobo lwesifo sikashukela ngaphandle kokuvakashela udokotela. Abantu abasengozini kudingeka bazi ukuthi izimpawu ezithile zizoba imbangela yokukhathazeka. Cabanga ukuthi yini okudingeka uyibheke lapho usola isifo sikashukela, nokuthi iziphi izimpawu ezizosiza ukuhlukanisa uhlobo olulodwa kolunye.

Ungasibona kanjani isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1

Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 senzeka ngenxa yokuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Le hormone ebalulekile kufanele isize inqubo yomzimba futhi igaye i-glucose, kepha noma ngabe ikhiqizwa ngamanani amancane kakhulu noma ayikho ngokuphelele, okubangela ukwanda koshukela wegazi nokusongela impilo nokuphila komuntu.

Thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1 - impilo yenaliti

Ngokusho kwe-WHO, bonke abantu abaneshukela abanesifo sikashukela bahlupheka ngqo kuhlobo lokuqala lwesifo. Imvamisa, izisulu zakhe zingane (kwisifo sikashukela sezingane zingatholakala lapho zizalwa), intsha nentsha. Ukuze uvimbele ukwanda kwezinga lemizimba ye-ketone emchameni nakushukela wegazi, bayaphoqelelwa ukuthi bazihlinzele njalo nge-insulin.

Ukunquma isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ekhaya, udinga ukunaka ubukhona bezimpawu ezithile, ezizokhonjiswa ngokulandelayo:

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela soHlelo 1

• ukoma okuqinile okungapheli;
• isifiso sokudla esiphakeme (esiteji sokuqala);
• ukuchama kaningi;
• ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka nokunganaki;
• ukuncipha kwesisindo (kuze kufike kumakhilogremu ayi-15 ezinyangeni ezingama-3-4);
• ukuthuthukiswa kwe-anorexia;
• ukuphefumula okuyisithelo (uphawu lwe-ketoacidosis kungukusongela kwempilo carbohydrate metabolism);
• Ubuhlungu esiswini;
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza.

Isici esiyinhloko esichaza futhi esihlukanisa uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela izinguquko ezibukhali emazingeni kashukela egazini, okuvame ukudala ukwephulwa kokugeleza kwegazi ngisho nokuba buthaka. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukugxuma okunoshukela okunjalo kugcwala i-coma, yingakho kubalulekile ukunaka izimpawu zesifo ngesikhathi futhi uphumelele izivivinyo ezidingekayo ngokushesha ukuqinisekisa ukutholwa bese uqala ukwelashwa.

Ungasibona kanjani isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2

Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sithinta abantu lapho sebekhulile, ikakhulukazi labo abakhuluphele. Lolu hlobo lwesifo luyehluka kolokuqala ngoba lukhula ngisho nangasemuva lokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngokuphelele. Kepha i-hormone ayisebenzi, ngoba izicubu zomzimba zilahlekelwa umuzwa wazo kuyo.

Engcupheni kunabantu abakhuluphele.

I-prognosis yabanesifo sikashukela ngohlobo lwesibili lwesifo sinethemba elikhulu, ngoba akuxhomekile ekujovweni kwe-insulin ejwayelekile futhi ingasusa izimpawu kanye nosongo lwezinkinga ngokulungisa umthamo wabo wokudla kanye nokuzivocavoca umthamo. Uma kunesidingo, izidakamizwa zingabekwa ukukhuthaza ama-pancreas futhi kunciphise ukumelana kwamaseli ku-insulin.

Ngabe isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sinqunywa kanjani yizimpawu? Isikhathi eside kunalokho, bangakhonjiswa kabi noma bangekho ngokuphelele, abantu abaningi abakasoli ukutholwa kwabo.

Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sangaphandle se-hyperglycemia (ushukela wegazi ophakeme) ukulunywa kwemikhawulo kanye nezitho zangasese. Ngalesi sizathu, imvamisa umuntu uthola ukuthola ukuthi utholakele nini lapho edibana nodokotela wamazinyo.

Isibonakaliso salesi sifo futhi ukwephulwa kwezinqubo zokuvuselelwa kwezicubu.

Ukwelapha kancane kwamanxeba kufanele kuqwashise

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo 2 sikashukela luholela ku-retinopathy, ukuthikamezeka okubukwayo.

Njengoba lesi sifo singazivezi ekuqaleni, ukuthi uyagula, umuntu ezimeni eziningi uzothola ukuthi ngemuva kokuxilongwa igazi, ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma unhlangothi, lapho kudokotela ohlinzayo ehlangana nezinkinga zemilenze yakhe (“ushukela wesifo sikashukela”).

Lapho kuvela enye yezimpawu ezisohlwini, udinga ukuguqula ukudla ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngeviki, intuthuko izabonakala.

Yiziphi izivivinyo okufanele zithathwe?

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ziyisibonakaliso esivela emzimbeni sokuthi inqubo yokumuncwa ushukela ayinamthelela. Ukuqinisekisa ubukhona besifo futhi unqume ngokunembile uhlobo lwaso, kubalulekile ukuphumelela izivivinyo eziningi ukuthola izinkinga noma ukukhipha ukwenzeka kwazo ngokuzayo.

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokusola ushukela ukukala ushukela wegazi lakho. Le nqubo ingenziwa ekhaya kusetshenziswa i-glucometer. Imvamisa, ushukela wegazi osheshayo kufanele ube ku-3.5-5.0 mmol / L, kuthi ngemuva kokudla - ungabi ngaphezu kuka-5.5 mmol / L.

Isithombe esinemininingwane eminingi yesimo somzimba singatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwelebhu, okubandakanya okulandelayo.

Ukuhlolwa kweglucose kwegazi

Kwenziwa ngesisu esingenalutho, ukudla kungadliwa kungakapheli amahora ayi-10 ngaphambi kokusampula kwegazi, okwenziwe ngomunwe (kaningi - kusuka kumthambo). Ocwaningweni, ukwehla nje kwanele.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela kufanele kube umkhuba

Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose

Kuyadingeka lapho ukuhlolwa kwegazi okusheshayo kukhombisa amazinga aphansi kakhulu noma aphezulu kakhulu kashukela. Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, isiguli siphuza amanzi nge-glucose encibilikisiwe kuwo. Ngemuva kwehora kanye namahora amabili, isampula iyathathwa futhi, ukuhlaziya okunikeza umphumela wokugcina.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlushwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-Glycated

Lolu cwaningo lubhekwa njengolunembe kakhulu ngoba lukhombisa ukuthi ngabe ushukela wegazi ukhuphukile ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho okungadukisa imiphumela yalokhu kuhlaziywa. Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zinikela ngegazi kulokhu kuhlolwa kaningi ngonyaka.

I-Urinalysis yemizimba ye-ketone noshukela

Okuqukethwe yizidumbu ze-ketone emchameni kukhombisa ukuthi ushukela awangeni emangqamuzaneni futhi ungazondli, ngakho-ke umzimba ushisa izinsalela zamafutha angaphansi, lapho kukhululwa ubuthi (imizimba ye-ketone).

Ukuba khona koshukela kumchamo kunqunywa kuphela lapho izinga lawo egazini lifinyelela inani le-8 mmol / L noma ngaphezulu, okubonisa ukungakwazi kwezinso ukubhekana nokuhlungwa kwe-glucose.

Ekuqaleni kwesifo sikashukela, ukufundwa koshukela egazini kungaba ngaphakathi kobubanzi obujwayelekile - lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba uxhume imithombo yawo yangaphakathi futhi uyakwazi ukubhekana nakho wedwa. Kepha le mpi ngeke ibe yinde, ngakho-ke, uma umuntu enezimpawu zangaphandle zalesi sifo, kufanele ngokushesha ahlolwe, kufaka phakathi ochwepheshe abancanyana (i-endocrinologist, ophthalmologist, i-cardiologist, udokotela ohlinzeka ngemithambo, udokotela oyi-neuropathologist), okuthi, njengomthetho, aqinisekise ukutholakala kwesifo.

Inani elanele lemininingwane eningiliziwe yokuthi ungaluthola kanjani uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela likuvumela ukuba ukwenze ngokwakho futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ushukela wegazi ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutholwa kwalesi sifo ekuqaleni kwesigaba kungavimba ukuvela kwezinkinga ezinkulu.