Ungawufaka kanjani futhi kuphi insulin

Hhayi kuphela ikhwalithi incike ekuziphatheni okulungile kwesifo sikashukela, empeleni, impilo yesiguli uqobo. Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kususelwa ekufundiseni isiguli ngasinye ama-algorithms wesenzo nokusetshenziswa kwazo ezimweni ezijwayelekile. Ngokusho kochwepheshe beWorld Health Organisation, umuntu onesifo sikashukela ungudokotela wakhe uqobo. I-endocrinologist yengamela ukwelashwa, futhi izinqubo zinikezwa isiguli. Enye yezinto ezibalulekile ekuphathweni kwezifo ezingama-endocrine ezingapheli umbuzo wokuthi ungawujova kanjani i-insulin.

Inkinga enkulu

Imvamisa, abantu abasha bakwelashwa nge-insulin, kufaka phakathi izingane ezincane kakhulu ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bafunda ikhono lokusingatha imishini yokujova nolwazi oludingekayo ngenqubo efanelekile, efanelekile ukuthola iziqu zokuba ngumhlengikazi.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe abanomsebenzi we-pancreatic okhubazekile banikezwa amalungiselelo e-insulin isikhathi esithile. I-hyperglycemia yesikhashana, ukwelashwa kwayo edinga i-hormone enesimo samaprotheni, kungenzeka kubantu abanezinye izifo ezingama-endocrine ezingapheli ngaphansi kwethonya lokucindezela okukhulu, ukutheleleka okubi kakhulu.

Esikhathini sikashukela se-mellitus sohlobo lwesibili, iziguli zidla izidakamizwa ngomlomo (ngomlomo). Ukungalingani kushukela wegazi nokuwohloka kwenhlala-kahle yesiguli esikhulile (ngemuva kweminyaka engama-45) kungenzeka ngenxa yokwephulwa okuqinile kokudla nokuziba izincomo zikadokotela. Ukunxeshezelwa okungekuhle kwe-glucose egazi kungaholela esigabeni esincike ku-insulin.

Ukubambezela ngokuguqulwa kwesiguli ekwelashweni kwe-insulin, imvamisa ezintweni ezithinta ingqondo, kusiza ukusheshisa ukuqala kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela.

Izindawo zokujova kumele zishintshe ngoba:

• izinga lokufakwa kwe-insulin lihlukile;
• ukusetshenziswa njalo kwendawo eyodwa emzimbeni kungaholela ku-lipodystrophy yendawo yezicubu (ukunyamalala kwengqimba yamafutha esikhunjeni);
• imijovo eminingi inganqwabelana.

Kuqoqiwe insulin ngokwenzekile "ngokulondolozwa" i-insulin ngokuzumayo, izinsuku ezingama-2-3 ngemuva kokuphathwa. Yehlisa kakhulu ushukela wegazi, okudala ukuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemia. Ngasikhathi sinye, umuntu uba nesithukuthezi esibandayo, umuzwa wendlala, nezandla zakhe ziyaqhaqhazela. Ukuziphatha kwakhe kungahle kucindezelwe noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kujabulise. Izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia zingavela kubantu abahlukahlukene abanamanani eglue glucose ebangeni le-2.0-5,5 mmol / L.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuyadingeka ukwandisa ngokushesha ushukela ukuvikela ukuqala kwe-hypoglycemic coma. Okokuqala kufanele uphuze uketshezi olunoshukela (itiye, i-lemonade, ujusi) olungenawo ama-sweeteners (isibonelo, i-aspartame, i-xylitol). Bese udla ukudla okune-carbohydrate (isangweji, amakhukhi ngobisi).

Ukwehlulwa komjovo emzimbeni wesiguli

Ukusebenza kahle komuthi we-hormonal emzimbeni kuncike endaweni lapho kwethulwa khona. Ukufakwa komenzeli kwe-hypoglycemic ejenti yesibonakaliso esihlukile sokwenza kwenziwa endaweni eyodwa nendawo efanayo. Ngakho-ke ngingalufaka kuphi amalungiselelo e-insulin?

Ipeni le-Insulin elingasebenzi kabusha

• Isizinda sokuqala yisisu: eceleni okhalweni, ngokushintshela emuva, ngakwesokunxele nakwinkaba. Ibamba kuze kufike ku-90% wethamo lelungiselelwe. Isici ukwembulwa okusheshayo kwesenzo somuthi, ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15-30. Ukuphakama kwenzeka ngemuva kwehora elingu-1. Ukufakwa endaweni kule ndawo kuyizwela kakhulu. Isifo sikashukela sifaka i-insulin emfushane esiswini sabo ngemuva kokudla. "Ukunciphisa uphawu lobuhlungu, prick in the subcutaneous folds, used to the side," - izeluleko ezinje zivame ukunikezwa yi-endocrinologists ezigulini zabo. Ngemuva kokuthi isiguli siqale ukudla noma senze umjovo ngokudla, ngokushesha emva kokudla.
• Isigaba sesibili yizandla: ingxenye engaphandle yomlenze ophezulu ukusuka ehlombe kuya kwesobunxele. Ukulimala kule ndawo kunezinzuzo - yikhona okungahlungu kakhulu. Kepha kuyize ukuba isiguli senze umjovo esandleni sayo nesirinji ye-insulin. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuphuma kwalesi simo: faka i-insulin ngepeni yesirinji noma ufundise abathandekayo ukuthi banikeze imijovo kwabanesifo sikashukela.
• Isigaba sesithathu yimilenze: ithanga elingaphandle lisuka ku-inguinal liye edolweni elihlanganyele. Ezindaweni ezitholakala emilenzeni yomzimba, i-insulin idonswa aze afinyelela ku-75% womthamo olungiselelwe bese ivela kancane. Ukuqala kwesenzo kungamahora angu-1,0-1,5. Zisetshenziselwa ukujova ngesidakamizwa, isikhathi eside (eseluliwe, esandiswa ngesikhathi) isenzo.
• Isigaba sesine izimbambo zamahlombe: zitholakala ngemuva, ngaphansi kwethambo elifanayo. Izinga lokungavezwa kwe-insulin endaweni ethile namaphesenti okufakwa emzimbeni (30%) lincane kakhulu. Isikali sehlombe sithathwa njengendawo engasebenzi yemijovo ye-insulin.

Izindawo ezine emzimbeni wesiguli zokujova ngamalungiselelo e-insulin

Amaphuzu amahle kakhulu ngokusebenza okuphezulu yisifunda se-umbilical (kude neminwe emibili). Akunakwenzeka ukugwaza njalo ezindaweni "ezinhle". Ibanga phakathi kwemijovo yokugcina neyokuzayo kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-3 cm. Umjovo ophindaphindwe endaweni eledlule ngesikhathi uvunyelwe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3.

Uma ulandela izincomo zokugwaza "emfishane" esiswini, futhi "ubude" ethangeni noma engalweni, khona lapho oneshukela kufanele enze imijovo emi-2 ngasikhathi sinye. Iziguli ezigcina amandla zithande ukusebenzisa ama-insulin axubekile (i-Novoropid mix, Humalog mix) noma ngokuzimela hlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili kwisirinji futhi zenze umjovo owodwa kunoma iyiphi indawo. Akuwona wonke ama-insulin avunyelwe ukuhlangana nomunye. Zingaba mfushane nje futhi ziphakathi nesenzo se-spectra.

Inqubo yokufaka

Abanesifo sikashukela bafunda amasu okusebenza ekilasini ezikoleni ezikhethekile, ahlelwe ngokwesisekelo seminyango ye-endocrinology. Iziguli ezincane kakhulu noma ezingenasizo ziyajovwa nabathandekayo bazo.

Izenzo eziphambili zesiguli yilezi:

1. Ukulungiselela indawo yesikhumba. Indawo yomjovo kufanele ihlanzeke. Sula, ikakhulukazi hlikihla, isikhumba asidingi utshwala. Utshwala baziwa ngokuchitha i-insulin. Kwanele ukugeza ingxenye yomzimba ngamanzi afudumele anensipho noma ukugeza (ukugeza) kanye ngosuku.
2. Ukulungiselela i-insulin (amapeni, isirinji, i-vial). Umuthi kufanele udluliselwe ezandleni zakho imizuzwana engama-30. Kungcono ukuyingenisa ihlanganiswe kahle futhi ifudumele. Shayela futhi uqinisekise ukunemba komthamo.
3. Ukwenza umjovo. Ngesandla sakho sobunxele, yenza isikhumba bese ufaka inaliti esisekelweni saso ekoneni lama-degrees angama-45 noma ngaphezulu, ubambe isirinji imile. Ngemuva kokunciphisa umuthi, linda imizuzwana engu-5-7. Ungabala kuze kufike ku-10.

Ukuqashelwa nokuzwa ngesikhathi sokujova

Ngokuyisisekelo, lokho isiguli sithola ngemijovo kubhekwa njengokubonakaliswa okuyikho. Umuntu ngamunye unomkhawulo wokuzwela kobuhlungu.

Kukhona ukubukwa nokuzwa okujwayelekile:

• abukho ubuhlungu obuncane, okusho ukuthi kwakusetshenziswa inaliti ebukhali kakhulu, futhi ayizange ingene ekuphelisweni kwezinzwa;
• Ubuhlungu obunzima bungenzeka uma ukungena ku-nerve kwenzekile;
• ukubonakala kwodonsi wegazi kukhombisa ukulimala kwe-capillary (isitsha segazi esincane);
• ukulimala kungumphumela wenalithi ebukekayo.

Ukushaya ngezinyawo endaweni lapho kuqhume khona isilonda bekungafanele kuze kube yilapho sekuxazululwe ngokuphelele.

Inaliti esibayeni sesirinji incanyana kunasemigqonyeni ye-insulin, empeleni ayilimazi isikhumba. Kwezinye iziguli, ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sifo kungcono kakhulu ngezizathu ezingokwengqondo: kusethwa umthamo ozimele, obonakalayo ngokusobala. I-hypoglycemic elawulwayo ayingene hhayi kuphela emgodini wegazi, kodwa futhi ngaphansi kwesikhumba nomsipha. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kubalulekile ukuqoqa isibaya sezikhumba njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni.

Izinga lokushisa le-ambient (isishizi esifudumele), ukugcotshwa (ukushushuluza okulula) kwesayithi lomjovo kungasheshisa isenzo se-insulin. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umuthi, isiguli kufanele siqinisekise impilo efanelekile yeshelufu, ukugxila kanye nokugcinwa komkhiqizo. Umuthi wesifo sikashukela akufanele ube yiqhwa. Ingagcinwa esiqandisini emazingeni okushisa +2 kuya ku-+8 degrees Celsius. Ibhodlela elisetshenzisiwe njengamanje, ipeni lesirinji (elilahliwe noma elikhokhiswa nge-insulin sleeve) lanele ukugcina emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni.