I-insulin ngokweqile

I-insulin yi-hormone edingeka umzimba ukweqiwa okuvamile nokumuncwa kweglucose. Ngokuntuleka kwayo, umsoco wama-carbohydrate uyaphazamiseka bese ushukela ongena emzimbeni ngqo ngokudla uqala ukuhlala egazini. Njengomphumela wazo zonke lezi zinqubo, thayipha i-1 mellitus yesifo sikashukela, lapho imijovo ye-insulin ikhonjiswa khona njengelinye indawo yokwelapha. Kepha akubona bonke abantu abaqondayo ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukulandela uhlelo lokuqamba kwabo lezi zincomo zikadokotela maqondana nomthamo wazo. Ngemuva kwakho khonke, imiphumela yokweqisa kwe-insulin ingahluka kakhulu, noma ibulale.

Indima ye-insulin emzimbeni

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-insulin yi-hormone "ebhekene" nokuqhekeka nokucwilisa ushukela. Amanyikwe awenziwe ekukhiqizeni kwawo. Uma amaseli ayo elimele, inqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin iphazamisekile ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele. Kepha idlala indima enkulu ekusebenzeni komzimba wonke.

Ngaphansi kwesenzo sawo, ushukela ongena egazini ngemuva kokudla udonswa amaseli omzimba, ngaleyondlela uzigcwalise ngamandla. Futhi ushukela omningi ufakwa "kunqolobane" osegcineni, ngaphambili uphenduka waba yi-glycogen. Le nqubo yenzeka esibindini futhi iqinisekise ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwe-cholesterol.

Uma i-insulin ingahlanganisiwe ngobuningi obanele noma ukukhiqizwa kwayo kungatholakali ngokuphelele, i-carbohydrate metabolism iyaphazamiseka, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni ukuntuleka kwe-insulin nokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus.

Umthamo we-insulin ukhethwa ngawodwa!

Lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngokwanda ushukela wegazi (hyperglycemia), ubuthakathaka, umuzwa ongapheli wendlala, ukuphazamiseka kohlelo lwe-vegetative, njll. Ukweqisa izinga elijwayelekile le-glucose egazini, kanye nokulihlisela (i-hypoglycemia) yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu esingaholela ku-hyperglycemic noma hypoglycemic coma.

Futhi ukugwema imiphumela enjalo, nge-carbohydrate metabolism ephazamisekile noshukela wegazi ophezulu, kunqunywe ukwelashwa kwe-insulin. Imijovo yokujova ikhethiwe ngokulandisa ezinye izici - inhlala-kahle, amazinga kashukela egazini kanye nezinga lokulimala kwe-pancreatic insulin. Kulokhu, ukuzithiba kubalulekile lapho wenza ukwelashwa kwe-insulin. Isiguli kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi silinganise izinga likashukela wegazi (lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-glucometer) futhi uma imijovo inganikeli umphumela omuhle, thintana nodokotela ngokushesha.

Yini ebangela ukweqisa?

Ukweqisa kwe-insulin kungenzeka emacaleni ambalwa - ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemijovo ye-insulin ngemithamo ephezulu noma ngokusetshenziswa okungalungile. Into ekhona ukuthi muva nje, izidakamizwa ezifanayo zaqala ukusetshenziswa kwezemidlalo, ikakhulukazi ekwakheni umzimba. Ngokumangazayo umphumela wazo we-anabolic ukuvumela ukuthi ugcobe umzimba ngamandla futhi usheshise inqubo yokwakha izicubu zomzimba. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi leli qiniso alikakaqinisekiswa ososayensi, kepha lokhu akubavimbeli abasubathi.

Futhi into edabukisa kakhulu ukuthi ezimweni eziningi "banquma" izidakamizwa ezinjalo ngokwabo futhi bahlakulela uhlelo lokuzisebenzisa, oluhlanya ngokuphelele. Abacabangi ngemiphumela ngalezi zikhathi, kepha kungaba kubi kakhulu.

Imithi akufanele ithathwe nakancane ngaphandle kwezinkomba ezikhethekile, kepha abaningi bayakugaba lokhu. Kukholelwa ukuthi umthamo "ophephe" kakhulu we-insulin kumuntu ophile cishe ngu-2-4 IU. Abasubathi bayiletha ku-20 IU, inikezwe ukuthi inani elifanayo le-insulin ukwelapha isifo sikashukela. Ngokwemvelo, konke lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi.

Futhi uma ufingqa, kufanele kuthiwe ukuthi kweqisa i-insulin uma:

• imijovo isetshenziswa njalo ngumuntu onempilo;
• kukhethwe umthamo ongafanele wesidakamizwa;
• kunokukhanselwa kokulungiswa kwe-insulin eyodwa kanye nokushintshela kolunye, okusha, okuqale ukusetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa umkhuba muva nje;
• umjovo wenziwa ngendlela engeyiyo (abekwa ngokungaziphathi, hhayi ngokuxakaniseka!);
• ukusebenza ngokweqile komzimba ngokusetshenziswa okunganele kwama-carbohydrate;
• ama-insulin ahamba kancane futhi asheshayo asetshenziswa ngasikhathi sinye kuziguli;
• onesifo sikashukela wanikeza umjovo wase weqa ukudla.

Lapho usebenzisa i-insulin, udinga ukubhekisisa ushukela wegazi lakho njalo

Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezimo ezithile nezifo lapho umzimba uthinta kakhulu i-insulin. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukukhulelwa kwenzeka (ikakhulukazi kwi-trimester yokuqala), ngokwehluleka kwe-renal, i-pancreatic tumor noma isibindi esinamafutha.

Ukweqisa kwe-insulin kungenzeka ngenkathi usebenzisa umuthi ngenkathi uphuza utshwala. Yize behlangene nesifo sikashukela, akubona bonke abanesifo sikashukela abanamathela kulokhu kwenqatshelwa. Ngakho-ke, odokotela batusa ukuthi iziguli zabo, ukuze zigweme imiphumela "yokuzijabulisa", zilandele le mithetho elandelayo:

Imithetho yokuphatha i-insulin

• ngaphambi kokuthatha utshwala, udinga ukunciphisa umthamo we-insulin;
• kuyadingeka ukuthi udle ngaphambi kokuphuza utshwala nangemuva kokudla ukudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate ahamba kancane;
• iziphuzo ezinamandla zotshwala akufanele zichithwe nhlobo, kuphela "ukukhanya", okungekho ngaphezu kwe-10% utshwala.

Uma kwenzeka okweqisa izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-insulin, ukufa kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokukhula komqondo we-hypoglycemic, kodwa hhayi kuzo zonke izimo. Konke kuya ngezici zomzimba ngamunye, ngokwesibonelo, isisindo sesiguli, ukondleka kwakhe, indlela yakhe yokuphila, njll.

Ezinye iziguli azikwazi ukusinda kumthamo we-100 IU, kanti ezinye zisinda ngemuva komthamo wama-300 IU nama-400 IU. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqondile ukuthi yiliphi i-insulin elibulalayo, ngoba isitho ngasinye somuntu ngamunye.

Izimpawu Zokweqisa

Ngokweqile kwe-insulin, ukwehla okukhulu kwezinga likashukela wegazi (ngaphansi kwe-3.3 mmol / l) kwenzeka, ngenxa yalokho i-hypoglycemia iqala, ebonakala ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ubuthakathaka
• ikhanda
• ukuzindla kwenhliziyo;
• umuzwa onamandla wendlala.

Izimpawu eziphambili ze-hypoglycemia

Lezi zimpawu zenzeka esigabeni sokuqala sobuthi be-insulin. Futhi uma okwamanje isiguli singathathi noma yiziphi izinyathelo, kuzovela ezinye izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia:

• ukuthuthumela emzimbeni;
• ukwanda kwesisulu;
• indlala yesikhumba;
• ukuncipha kokuzwela emilenzeni;
• abafundi abahlisiwe;
• kwehlise ukuqina kokubonakalayo.

Ukuthi zonke lezi zibonakaliso zisuka ngokushesha kangakanani kuncike ekutheni isetshenziswe muphi umuthi. Uma lokhu kuyi-insulin esebenza ngokushesha, khona-ke bavela ngokushesha okukhulu, uma kusetshenziswa insulin ephusile - emahoreni ambalwa.

Okufanele ukwenze

Esimweni lapho umuntu enezimpawu zokusebenzisa ngokweqile i-insulin, kuyadingeka ukuthi athathe izinyathelo zokunyusa ushukela wegazi, ngaphandle kwalokho kungaba ne-hypoglycemic coma, ebonakala ngokulahlekelwa ukwazi nokufa.

Ukuze kwandiswe ngokushesha ushukela wegazi, kudingeka ama-carbohydrate asheshayo. Zitholakala ushukela, amaswidi, amakhukhi, njll. Ngakho-ke, uma kunezimpawu zokuphuza ngokweqile, isiguli kufanele sinikezwe okuthile okumnandi, bese sibiza iqembu le-ambulensi. Kulokhu, ukuphathwa kwe-glucose okufakwa ngaphakathi kuyadingeka, futhi yisisebenzi sezempilo kuphela esingakwenza lokhu.

Imiphumela

Ukweqisa kwe-insulin kungaholela emiphumeleni ehlukahlukene. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-Somoji syndrome, okucasulayo ukwenzeka kwe-ketoacidosis. Lesi simo sibonisa ngokwanda kwegazi lemizimba ye-ketone. Futhi uma ngasikhathi sinye isiguli singakutholi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, ukufa kungenzeka emahoreni ambalwa.

Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwe-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-insulin ethe xaxa egazini ingavusa ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yezinzwa, okuzibonakalisa:

• ukuvuvukala kobuchopho;
• Izimpawu zokuya esikhathini (izicubu zomqala nezintamo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukungakwazi ukwelula imilenze, njll.);
• isifo sokuwohloka komqondo (ngokuthuthuka kwayo, kukhona ukwehla kokusebenza kwengqondo, ubuvuvu, imithambo yememori, njll.).

Ngokuvamile, ukweqisa kwe-insulin kuholela ekuphazamisweni kwesistimu yezinhliziyo, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwe-myocardial infarction kanye nesifo sohlangothi. Ukwelashwa kwe-retinal kanye nokulahleka kombono kwenzeka kwezinye iziguli ngokumelene nalesi sizinda.

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho sithola usizo olwanele futhi olufika ngesikhathi nge-overdose ye-insulin, ukufa kwenzeka ezimweni ezingazodwa. Futhi ukuze ugweme imiphumela emibi evela ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi enjalo, kuyadingeka ukulandela ngokuqinile zonke izincomo zikadokotela futhi kungaze nakancane usebenzise imijovo ye-insulin, ngaphandle uma kunezinkomba ezikhethekile zalokhu.