Isimo “somdlalo wemvelo” ngomzimba womuntu besilokhu siphindwe kabili: kososayensi bekuyithuba lokufunda amagatsha wokugcina wokuziphendukela kwemvelo noma ukubuyisa emuva, kubantu abanezentengiselwano kwakuyithuba lokuzazisa ukuthi banoku “boniswa” okungajwayelekile kokuphila (khumbula okungenani “i-Ice House "I-Lazhechnikova ngokubonakaliswa okukhulu kweqhawe mayelana nokuthi kunenzuzo kangakanani ukwethula" ngowesifazane onenwele "ukuze uthole isihe senkosi.
Okomnikazi we "ukuthola ngokuyisimangaliso" ngesimo sokunwetshwa kwentambo emsileni noma ectopia (ukuhambisa isendlalelo sezicubu ezisebenzayo, noma isitho sonke ku-uncharacteristic, okufinyeleleka endaweni yokubukeza - umgodi womzimba oseduze noma, ngokuvamile, ngaphandle), wonke la macala angaba imbangela hlala ufihle umzimba wakho, noma ufisa ukususa “ifa” ngokushesha okukhulu.
Futhi ukuhlukahluka kwe-heterotopy (ukubekwa okungajwayelekile ezindaweni ezivulekile zomzimba walokho okuvame ukukhula, noma ukuphindaphindwa okuphindwe kabili ngendlela yamakhophi ayo ancishisiwe esitho) ngokubukeka kwama-pancreas aberrant.
Izithombe zemitholampilo
Njengoba kungabonakala kokungenhla, i-pancreas eyayihanjiswa kuthiwa iyilapho, ngaphezu kwesitho esivamile esisendaweni yayo efanele futhi yenza yonke imisebenzi enikezwe yona, ikhophi lakhona elibhalwe (ectopied) nalo liyatholakala, livame ukuncishiswa, kepha lithuthukiswe futhi lenze nje ngo-" dadewethu omdala. "
Njengoba igama elithi "ectopia" ngokwezwi nezwi lisho noma kungaba ukuphuma (kwesitho, izicubu) ngaphandle, noma ukuqhekeka, sikhuluma ngendawo ye-pancreatic gland, "weighting" ngaphakathi noma eduze kwanoma iyiphi i-cavity (imvamisa kakhulu i-antrum).
Lapho kukhona i-mini-gland ku-submucosal ungqimba lwesisu (ngemisipha ekhipha ujusi we-pancreatic ngaphakathi kwayo), igama elithi gastric ectopia liba elifanele.
I-Aberrant pancreatic duct
Okunye ukwenziwa kwasekhaya kwe- "udadewethu omncane we-pancreatic" kungenzeka - ngaphakathi:
- i-duodenum (noma enye ingxenye yamathumbu amancane);
- omunye weminyango yekoloni;
- isibindi, i-gallder noma i-biliary trail;
- ukwakheka kwe-cystic ye-cavity yesisu;
- ibala;
- imiyalezo.
Ngokubona ukuthi i-iron eyengeziwe isebenza ngokuphelele, ikhiqiza ijusi le-pancreatic eligcwele (futhi kunalokho i-caustic), isiguli esine-pathology efanayo sizophawula ukwenzeka:
- nobuhlungu (kusuka ekuqaleni bekuncane kuya ku- "isilonda esigcwele");
- ukugoba esiswini;
- i-acid eyeqile kanye nolaka lapho uphonsa okuqukethwe esiswini emlonyeni.
Lapho lesi sifo siqhubeka ngaphansi kwesiqu se-peptic ulcer, kuvela isici kulwelwesi lwama-mucous lwesitho somgodi, njengoba sijula, okuholela ku:
- ukwakhiwa kokuguguleka;
- ukopha
- ukonakala komdlavuza;
- i-cosmetical (i-cosmetic) yodonga (ngethemba le-peritonitis);
- Ukungena ngaphakathi (ukugcotshwa ngokuqondile kwesitho esiminyene esiseduze, udonga lwaso oluba yindawo ephansi yesici sokulimala - "umgodi" odongeni lwesisu noma lwamathumbu).
Ngenxa yokucindezelwa kwezitho eziyize (amathumbu, izindunduma zezinsini), kunethuba lokuba khona:
- ukuvinjwa kwamathumbu;
- i-jaundice evimbayo.
Ezinye "imaski" ze-pancreatic gland ezifakiwe yizimpawu:
- i-gastritis;
- i-polyposis yesisu (noma yisiphi isisu);
- inqubo yokuguqulwa kwesici sokulimala sibe yisimila somdlavuza;
- i-pancreatitis engapheli (futhi kaningi i-cholecystopancreatitis).
Ukuxilonga
Uma sazi ukuthi izimbangela eziholela ekunqotshweni kwamanyikwe “asizayo” azihlukile kulezo zepancreas main, izindlela zokuxilonga zizofana kuzo zombili izindlela zokwakheka:
- ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba;
- ukufunda okunamandla;
- ucwaningo lwelebhu lwezinto eziphilayo.
Isigaba sokuqala sifaka izindlela zokuhlolisisa ezenza ukuthi sikwazi ukuveza umbuthano wezimo olingana nezikhalazo zesiguli nedatha etholwe yi-palpation ne-percussion (kwezinye izimo iphinde inyuse) izitho zesisu se-patity.
Imininingwane etholakele iba yisisekelo sokucwaninga okwenziwa ngamalabhorethri. Kwenziwe:
- i-fluoroscopy (noma i-radiography) yezitho ezihilelekile ezihilelekile;
- ukuhlolwa kwabo kwe-endoscopic ngezinto ezibonakalayo;
- I-Ultrasound yesisu;
- I-CT (noma i-MRI) yemfundo etholakele;
- Ucwaningo lokuqhathanisa i-X-ray lemikhumbi eyakha ichibi lokuhlinzeka ngegazi lesitho.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-FGDS. Ividiyo:
Izindlela zokuxilongwa elabhorethri zisungula izinga lomsebenzi wezemfundo:
- ukukhonjwa kokukhiqizwa okukhiqizwe yi-gland ngejusi ye-pancreatic, ukuzimisela komsebenzi wokugcina, ukwakheka kwe-enzymatic;
- noma ngabe ukwakheka kusesimweni esihle noma isimo sokuvuvukala (ukuwohloka).
Ngalezi zinhloso, isithombe sokuhlolwa kwegazi siyahlolwa:
- jikelele;
- i-biochemical;
- enzyme immunoassay.
Ngenhloso yokuxilongwa okuhlukile kusuka kwamanye ama-pathologies afanayo, kanye nokutadisha isimo esijwayelekile somzimba wesiguli namandla ayo (ngokubheka kwethemba lokwelashwa kokuhlinzwa), lonke uhla lwezifundo ezidingekayo lwenziwa ngokubandakanyeka kochwepheshe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene:
- udokotela wesibeletho;
- i-oncologist;
- i-endocrinologist;
- udokotela wenhliziyo;
- i-anesthetist yokuvuselela abanye nabanye.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Isimo sifaka ukuxazululwa ngokushesha kwengxabano ngenxa yengozi yesimo sezulu:
- ukutholakala kwesilonda entweni ethintekayo;
- amathuba aphezulu okuthola ukopha odongeni lwayo;
- ingozi yokulimala (isifo sokulimala) noma i-necrosis (ukufa) yokwakheka okwengeziwe kwe-glandular;
- Ukuvinjwa (ukuvinjezelwa) yi-gland yezitho eziyize (ngengozi ye-jaundice yemvelaphi yemishini noma ukuvinjwa kwamathumbu).
Ukusetshenziswa kwendlela ehlaselayo kancane (ukusebenzisa imishini ye-endoscopic futhi ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwayo) kuvumela i-anastomosing - ukudala umlayezo phakathi kwama-ducts we-pancreas weqiniso nawengeziwe, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubonisa okwedlule.
Le nketho isetshenziswa lapho i-neoplasm ingangeni ngaphakathi kokhanyiso wesitho esiyize, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuqhubeka kwe-coma yokudla lapho.
Ngokuhlukahluka kwesakhiwo se-polypoid se-gland asizayo ekhula odongeni lwesisu, i-duodenum (ikakhulukazi evela esifundeni soguquko se-antrum), indlela yokusebenzisa i-endoscopic excision (ukusika nge-loop kagesi ye-diathermic yohlobo oluthambile noma olunzima).
Ukuhlonza ama-cysts of gren aberrant (okungenani eyodwa noma amabili amakhulu wamamitha) kusebenza njengophawu lokuqina kwendalo yabo (ukudala izindlela zokufakelwa zokukhipha ama-secretion emgodini oseduze ngokwenza uhlelo lwezimbobo phakathi kwe-septum phakathi kwabo).
Imizamo yenziwa yokucindezela umsebenzi we-pancreatic gland eyengeziwe esebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha ama-hormonal (kusetshenziswa ama-analog antifeses somatostatin), kepha abakwazi ukusiza ngomthelela ongokoqobo wokusebenza kwezitho zesisu sesisu, ngakho-ke indlela isesesiteji “sokuqhekeka”.
