Noma yiziphi izifo ze-endocrine zibangela ukungalingani kwe-hormonal. Abazali bahlobanisa ukubonakaliswa okuthile okwenzeka lapho lolu hlelo lonakaliswa ezinganeni ezinomlingiswa, izakhi zofuzo, noma ukuphanga ngokweqile, ngaphandle kokuzinika ukubaluleka okukhethekile.
Ukuntuleka kokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu. Kungakho kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinkomba okufanele uxhumane nodokotela we-endocrinologist, ukuthi ungubani nokuthi uluhlobo luni lwezifo udokotela aziphatha ngalo.
Isayensi i-endocrinology - yiziphi izifundo?
Umkhakha wezokwelapha ofunda ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene kanye ne-pathologies yohlelo lwe-endocrine yi-endocrinology. Izindlala ezitholakala emzimbeni zihlala zikhiqiza ama-hormone athinta izinqubo ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana nomsebenzi wazo cishe zonke izitho zomzimba.
I-Endocrinology icwaninga ngomsebenzi we:
- indlala yesikhumba;
- i-hypothalamus;
- izindlala (i-pancreas, i-thymus, i-thyroid kanye ne-parathyroid);
- izindlala ze-adrenal;
- ama-ovari nezinduna zesitho sangasese sowesilisa.
Ukusebenza kohlelo lwe-endocrine kunquma ukuvuthwa kwesibeletho esibelethweni, ukukhula kwengane ngemuva kokuzalwa nesimo somuntu kuyo yonke inkathi yokuphila kwakhe.
Ngabe welapha udokotela wobugqila wezingane?
Udokotela kulokhu kukhethekile uhlanganisa izindawo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- I-Pediatric Endocrinology. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa isigaba sentsha, izingane zesikole kanye nezingane ezincane ezinokuphazamiseka ekukhuleni kwezocansi ngenxa yokungalingani kwe-hormonal.
- Isifo sikashukela. Le ndawo ifaka ukuqapha nokwelashwa kwezingane ezinesifo sikashukela kanye nezinkinga ezivela kulesi sifo. I-Pathology ingatholakala noma ivele kabusha futhi kube nzima ukuyelapha.
Isikhalazo esifike ngesikhathi ku-endocrinologist yezingane sikuvumela ukuba:
- hlukanisa izici ezakheke ngaphakathi kwento ekhulayo kunoma yikuphi ukuphambuka;
- bona i-pathologies ebangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal;
- qeda ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-organic endocrine okuvele kuthathwa njengokungenakuphikwa kwabadala;
- bona izinkinga ezihambisana nokuthomba;
- qala ukwephulwa kohlelo lwe-hypothalamic-pituitary.
Ikhono le-endocrinologist kubantu abadala lifaka ukungasebenzi kwezindlala ezivelile ngemuva kwesizinda sezifo ezihlangene. Udokotela wezingane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlola futhi aqaphele ukwakheka okuqondile komzimba inqubo yokukhula, ukukhula, futhi futhi kuholele iziguli esigabeni sobudala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-14.
Ividiyo ephathelene nomsebenzi we-endocrinologists wezingane:
Ama-Organs
Kwindawo yokulawula ye-endocrinologist zonke izinhlaka nezingxenye zohlelo lwe-endocrine:
- I-Thymus gland. Lesi sitho sivikela umzimba ezilondeni ezithathelwanayo ezine-etiology ehlukile. Esikhathini esiningi, imbangela evamile yokubanda kwengane ifihlwa egazini elikhulayo le-thymus. Ngenxa yokwelashwa kwesondlo, inani lezifo lingancipha.
- Isikhumba sendawo - Kubhekwa njengesinye sezindlala eziyinhloko ezitholakala emzimbeni womuntu. Ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwakhe kungumsebenzi wazo zonke ezinye izitho ze-endocrine. Ukungabikho kokuphambuka ekusebenzeni kwayo kunomthelela ekukhuleni okufanele kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwezingane.
- I-Hypothalamus. Le ngxenye ye-endocrine inokuxhumana okuqondile nohlelo lwezinzwa kanye ne-pituitary gland. Umsebenzi we-hypothalamus uthinta ubukhona bokomela, ukulamba, ukulala kanye nesifiso sobulili, futhi kuthinta inkumbulo nokuziphatha komuntu ngezinga elithile.
- I-yegilo yegilo. Imisebenzi yayo ukukhiqiza kudingekile ukukhula, inqubo ye-metabolic kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwama-hormone aqukethe iodine. Lawa maphuzu abaluleke kakhulu kwabesifazane.
- Izindlala zeParathyroid. Balawula ukulingana kwe-calcium, futhi futhi baqinisekise ukusebenza kwezinhlelo ze-motor nezinzwa. Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kokujwayelekile kwesilinganiso senani le-calcium kubandakanya imiphumela emibi.
- Izindlala ze-Adrenal. Lezi zitho zinesibopho sokushintshwa kwe-iodine, ukwakheka kwama-carbohydrate nezinqubo zokuqhekeka kwamaprotheni, kuthinta ukukhiqizwa kwe-adrenaline, futhi futhi kunomthelela omncane ekwakhiweni kwe-adrogen, ama-hormone owesilisa.
- Amanyikwe. Izinga lokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone alawula ukusebenza kwe-carbohydrate futhi lithinte izinga le-glycemia kuncike emsebenzini wawo. Ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwalo mzimba, akukho ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla. Ukulimala kuma-pancreas kungavusa ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela noma i-pancreatitis.
- Izitho zesilisa, amaqanda. Bakhiqiza ama-hormone abhekene nokuvela kwezimpawu zesibili zocansi ngokuya ngocansi lwengane nokuvuthwa okufanele.
Isifo
Ikhono le-endocrinologist ukwelashwa kwezifo ezilandelayo:
- I-Acromegaly. Le pathology ibonakala ngokusheshisa okusheshayo kwe-hormone yokukhula.
- Isifo sayo i-Itsenko-Cushing. Ngesifo esinjalo, i-adrenal gland lesion ebanzi iyabonakala.
- Isifo sikashukela i-insipidus (sitholakale ngenxa yokuqhubeka kwe-pathologies ye-pituitary noma ye-hypothalamus).
- I-Autoimmune thyroiditis. Ngesifo esinjalo, ukwanda kwe-gland yegilo kuqhathaniswa nesizinda sokuntuleka kwe-iodine kuyabonakala.
- Ama-pathologies abonakala ngokuhlukumezeka okuqhubekayo kumzimba we-calcium metabolism.
- Ukukhulupha ngokweqile okuvela ezinganeni ngemuva kokungalingani kwamahomoni.
- I-Osteoporosis Ngalesi sifo, kukhona ukwehla kobukhulu besakhiwo samathambo.
- Ukubambezela noma ukuqala kokukhula kocansi.
- Isifo sikashukela mellitus. Emncane, kuvame kakhulu ukuthi kube nokuntuleka kwe-insulin, okuholela ekukhuleni kohlobo lwe-1 yezifo zengqondo.
- Ukukhula okumangele. Le pathology ingahlonzwa ngokunquma isikhundla sengane lapho yakhela emgqeni esifundweni semfundo yomzimba. Ingane yokugcina ihlala imangazwa. Ungahlola ukukhula ngokuqhathanisa imiphumela yokulinganisa nedatha esetafuleni, okubandakanya amazinga ngokuya ngeminyaka.
Eziningi zalezi zifo zinezimpawu eziveziwe, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi abazali bangaphuthelwa yizimpawu ezinjalo futhi bavakashele i-endocrinologist ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ividiyo evela kuDkt Komarovsky ngesifo sikashukela ezinganeni:
Kuhlolwa kanjani?
Ukuvela kwanoma yiluphi ushintsho ekuziphatheni kwengane noma emizweni engavamile kuye kudinga isikhalazo kochwepheshe. Udokotela akabheki kuphela ukuba khona kwezimpawu zangaphandle ezinganeni, kodwa futhi uthembele kwizikhalazo nomlando wezokwelapha.
Imvamisa, izingane zabelwa ukwenza izifundo ezengeziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe noma kuphikiswe imibono kachwepheshe mayelana nokuba khona kwe-pathology ethile.
Ngemuva kokuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa, udokotela ukhetha iqhinga elifanele kakhulu lokwelapha ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokubamba. Kwezinye izimo, ukukhohlisa kungahlinzwa kungadingeka.
Ukuxilongwa yi-endocrinologist, njengomthetho, akubangeli noma yikuphi ukungajabuli ezigulini.
Kufaka amaphuzu alandelayo:
- Udokotela ekuqaleni kokuqokwa uxoxa nengane nabazali nabazali bakhe, eqoqa imininingwane edingekayo mayelana nezikhalazo, ukukhathazeka kanye nokuvela okusobala kwanoma yikuphi ukuphambuka.
- Okulandelayo, uchwepheshe udlulela palpation. Ngokuyisisekelo, intamo izwakala endaweni ye-yegilo yegilo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ikhulisiwe noma cha. Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa ngezitho zangasese kungadingeka.
- Ukulinganisa umfutho wegazi, isisindo somzimba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
- Isikhumba esihloliwe.
- Ukuxilonga ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela (i-neuropathy), udokotela ushaya ngesando ezindaweni ezithile zamalungu.
- Uchwepheshe ucacisa ukuthi izipikili ezingenamikhawulo noma ezihlangene, ukulahleka kwezinwele zikhona.
- I-Glycemia ingalinganiswa kusetshenziswa idivaysi ekhethekile - glucometer.
Ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni, isinqumo sesivele senziwe ngokutholakala kokwenza ezinye izivivinyo zaselebhu. Imvamisa, udokotela uyalela ukulethwa kwezivivinyo ukuze kwenziwe ukuxilongwa okuqondile futhi kukhombe nezimpawu ze-hormonal.
Okusemqoka yile:
- umchamo nokuhlolwa kwegazi;
- I-Ultrasound ye-yegilo yegilo (i-ultrasound).
Ngakho-ke, akufanelekile ukwesaba ukubonisana nodokotela wobugqila ezingane. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kumane nje kuyisiqalo sokufundwa kwesimo sesiguli, ngoba ukugcizelela okuyinhloko kwizifundo ezingelusizo.
Ividiyo mayelana ne-dysplasia ezinganeni:
Kudingeka nini ukuvakasha kochwepheshe?
Izingane zidluliselwa kudokotela we-endocrinologist ukuthola izeluleko kaningi ngemuva kokuvakashela udokotela wezingane. Isizathu sokuvakashela uchwepheshe onjalo omncane kungaba yizimpawu noma izibonakaliso ezahlukahlukene ezikhonjwe ekuhlolweni okujwayelekile nalapho abazali bexhumana nezikhalazo ngesimo sengane yabo.
Udokotela angahlukanisa i-endocrine pathology kwezinye izifo ezinezimpawu ezifanayo. Izimpawu zezilonda ezinjalo ezimweni eziningi azihlehli, kepha zanda noma zingancipha.
Izimpawu eziyimbangela yokuhambela kudokotela:
- ukuqala ngokushesha kokukhathala;
- ukungahambi kahle kokuya esikhathini;
- ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo;
- ukukhuphuka kokujuluka;
- umuzwa ongalungile wombuso wokushisa wemvelo;
- ushintsho olubukhali lwesisindo somzimba;
- ubunzima obuphakama ngesikhathi sokugwinya;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
- ukuvela kokunganaki ezifundweni eziningi nasemisebenzini eyake yavuselela inzalo;
- izinkinga zenkumbulo
- ukuphazamiseka kwesitulo;
- ukulahlekelwa izinwele
- ukubukeka kwezipikili ezi-brittle, i-delamination yazo;
- isikhumba esomile, ukuvela kokuvuvukala;
- Izimpawu zokuthomba zibonakala ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-8, kanye nakulabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-13;
- imvamisa ephezulu yezifo ezahlukahlukene;
- kukhona lag ekuthuthukisweni;
- ingane iphansi kakhulu ekukhuleni kontanga yayo;
- amazinyo obisi athathelwa indawo sekwephuzile yi-unomphela;
- kukhona ukwanda okubukhali kokukhula ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-9, kuhambisana nobuhlungu emalungeni nasemathanjeni.
Ukubonakaliswa okunesibindi kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni:
- ukoma okukhulu;
- ukuchama njalo;
- ukuzwakala kuzwakale ebusweni besikhumba;
- izinqubo zokuvuvukala ezithinta isikhumba;
- Ubuhlungu endaweni yethole noma ekhanda.
Ngokwezibalo, ukudla okungalinganiseli, ukwehla kokusebenza komzimba ngenxa yokusetshenziswa njalo kwamagajethi anamuhla ezingane, ukungazinzi kwesimo senhlalo kukhuphula isisindo ngokweqile enganeni, okuthi kamuva kuholele ekukhuluphaleni.
Ngokusho kodokotela, abazali, ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo omkhulu nokunganaki, bathola lesi simo sekwedlule isikhathi, ngakho-ke ama-pathologies ayingozi ahlukahlukene avela, kufaka phakathi umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic nabanye abaningi.
Ngakho-ke, noma ikuphi ukuphambuka ekukhuleni kwezingane kufanele kuqashelwe ngesikhathi ngabazali babo. Ukuvela kwe-pathology okuthinta ukusebenza okungenani kwe-endocrine gland kunomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinye izingxenye zalolu hlelo. Lokhu kuholela emiphumeleni engenakuphikwa, ikakhulukazi ngokulashwa sekwephuzile.
