Isifo sikashukela mellitus yisifo esivamile. Isizathu sokuthuthuka kwayo ikakhulukazi kubhekwe njengendlela yokuphila engalungile abantu abaningi banamuhla abanamathela kuyo. Isibalo seziguli esezihlonze le ndlela yesifo sikhula ngokushesha okukhulu.
Naphezu kwaleli qiniso, bambalwa kuphela abaziyo ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo futhi babonane nodokotela abasebangeni lokuqala lokukhula kwalo.
Abantu abaningi bazishaya indiva izibonakaliso zokuqala, okwandisa ingozi yokuxineka kakhulu kwesifo sikashukela. Amandla wokubona izimpawu zokuqala ze-pathological kanye nokuqaliswa kwezindlela ezifanele zokwelapha kusiza ukuvikela ukwenzeka kwabo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo
I-Pathology ibonakaliswa ngokuswelakala kwe-insulin kanye ne-glycemia eyandayo. Lokhu kuphambuka kuholela ekuphazamisweni kwezinqubo eziningi emzimbeni.
Ngokuya ngezimpawu zokuvela, ukuqina kwezimpawu nenkambo, lesi sifo sihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-2:
- Eyokuqala. Igama lesibili lalolu hlobo yisifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin. Kubonakala ngokuntuleka kwe-insulin, okufaka isandla ekwandeni kweglucose (hyperglycemia). Isizathu sohlobo 1 kwesinye isikhathi siba kumonakalo we-autoimmune wesitho esinjenge-pancreas.
- Okwesibili. Lesi sifo sibonisa inani elanele le-insulin, okuthi kuphela ngokuqhubeka kwesifo sikashukela kungasabonakala ngamangqamuzana omzimba. Njengomphumela, inkomba ye-glycemic iyanda.
Ukuhlukaniswa okwengeziwe kwalesi sifo:
- isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa (sitholakele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa);
- isifo sikashukela, esisebenza njengophawu lwanoma iyiphi i-pathology.
Uhlobo lokuthinta lesi sifo luzixazulula ngobuningi bamacala ngemuva kokubeletha. Kwezinye iziguli, i-pathology iba engapheli futhi ayidingi ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezijwayelekile zokwelapha.
Izimpawu zokuqala
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izimbangela zezinhlobo zikashukela zihlukile komunye nomunye, ukubonakaliswa kwazo okuyinhloko kuyafana. Zihlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi yamazinga aphezulu we-glycemia egazini. Izinhlobo zalesi sifo ziyahlukahluka kobukhulu, kanye nezinga lokuvela.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala
Uhlobo lwesifo esincike e-insulin lutholakala kakhulu kubantu besebancane futhi luthinta iziguli ezibhekiselwe phambili kulesi sifo. Ukuvezwa kwayo kungabonakala ezinganeni.
Lesi sifo siqala ngokuvela kwezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla. Isici esiyingqayizivele isidingo sokudla, kuyilapho kungekho ukwanda kwesisindo somzimba noma ukuncipha kwesisindo. Lokhu kuchazwa ngokuvela kokushoda kwamandla emangqamuzaneni, okuvele ngenxa yokwehla kokuthathwa koshukela.
- Ukwanda kokuchama ebusuku, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwanda kokukhishwa komchamo ophelele. Ukuqala kwalesi sibonakaliso kubangelwa ukwanda kwezinga lokucindezela kwe-osmotic ngenxa yokukhutshelwa kwe-glucose.
- Ukoma ngokweqile. Umuntu ongazi ngentuthuko yesifo sikashukela angaphuza amalitha ayi-5 uketshezi ngosuku. Izimpawu zinezizathu eziningana. Esokuqala yisidingo sokwenzela ukuntuleka koketshezi emzimbeni okubangelwa yi-polyuria, kanti okwesibili kuhlotshaniswa nokucasulwa kwama-osmotic receptors akhiwe kuyi-hypothalamus.
- Acetonemia. Lesi simo sibonisa ngokubonakala kwephunga le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni, kanye nama-aphula abolile emchameni. Imiphumela yezifundo ikhombisa ubukhona bezidumbu ze-ketone ezinomthelela onobuthi emzimbeni. Ukubukeka kwabo kungavusa ukuhlaselwa ukuhlanza, isicanucanu noma ubuhlungu besisu.
- Ukuthuthukiswa komqondo ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwe-ketoacidosis.
- Ubuthakathaka. Kuhlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka kwe-pathological ezinqubweni ze-metabolic, ngamandla endlala kanye nokuqongelwa kobuthi.
- Ukulahleka kombono. Lolu phawu lubonakaliswa ubunyoninco bezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuvela kobomvu be-conjunctival and gouging.
- Ukulunywa esikhunjeni.
- Ukwakheka kokuguguleka okuncane ebusweni besikhumba, ulwelwesi lwama-mucous. Izinkinga ezinjalo zivame ukuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphulukisa.
- I-Alopecia - ukulahlekelwa izinwele.
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala babona ukuwohloka okungazelelwe. Izimpawu zalesi sifo yilezi ezesabekayo, i-ketoacidosis iyanda, ibangele ukuqaqamba. Ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo kuvame ukwenziwa kakade ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwaso, ngoba iziguli azihlali zinesikhathi sokubonana nodokotela ngesikhathi.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2
Uhlobo lwesibili luthinta, njengomthetho, abantu asebefinyelele ebudaleni. Iziguli ezinjalo zikhuluphele.
Indlela yokuqalwa kwesifo isuselwa ekuchichimisweni kwamaseli ngamafutha, ngenxa yalokho usayizi wawo ukhula.
Ngaphansi kwethonya lokungasebenzi kahle kwinqubo ye-liposis, ikhwalithi nenani lama-cell receptors lishintsha, umphumela wawo okuwukuphikiswa kwe-insulin kanye nokuqedwa kokuthathwa koshukela emzimbeni.
Ukuboniswa kokuqala:
- i-polydipsia;
- isidingo sokuphuza uketshezi ngamanani amakhulu usuku lonke (kuze kufike kumalitha ama-5);
- i-polyuria, ikakhulukazi eshiwo ebusuku;
- isisindo somzimba;
- ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla;
- ubuthakathaka
- ukuqala ngokushesha kokukhathala;
- ukuzwakala kuzwakale ebusweni besikhumba;
- ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhamba;
- ukwehla kokushisa komzimba emilenzeni kubangelwa ukulimala kwemithambo;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-furunculosis, i-candidiasis yesikhumba;
- amanxeba amade angalapheki;
- isifo se-periodontal, ukubuyela emuva njalo kwe-stomatitis;
- ukuncipha kwe-acuity ebonakalayo;
- izifo ezithinta umchamo.
Izigaba zokuqala zesifo zibonakaliswa ukwanda okuphoqelelayo kokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone, futhi lapho sekuqhubeka inqubo yokuqhubeka kwesifo sikashukela, ukugcinwa okunjalo kuyaphela, kubangele ukuthuthukiswa kokuntuleka kwe-insulin.
Yingakho izimpawu zokuqala ze-pathology zivame ukubukwa yiziguli njengezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala. Ukungazinaki izimpawu zenqubo ye-pathological eqala emzimbeni kuholela ekubizweni sekwephuzile ukuze uthole usizo lodokotela. Imvamisa, lesi sifo siyaqhubeka kancane futhi sitholakale ekuhlolweni okujwayelekile.
Izimpawu ezithile
Lesi sifo asibonakaliswa kuphela yizimpawu ezingenhla, kodwa futhi nangezibonakaliso ezithile.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- ukuvuvukala kwezitho zokuzala kubantu besilisa, okubangelwa ukuchama okungapheli;
- izinhlungu ezwa emilenzeni nasezingalweni;
- ukuphulukiswa okungahambi kahle kwanoma yikuphi ukulunyazwa namanxeba;
- ukwehla kwezwela lobuhlungu;
- ukungasebenzi komzimba okungenamandla;
- isisindo noma ukulahleka kwesisindo;
- ukuvela kwama-xanthomas emzimbeni;
- ukukhula okukhulu kwezinwele emzimbeni wonke noma ukulahlekelwa kwabo emilenzeni;
- ukukhuphuka kokukhathazeka;
- ukuvela kokuhlaselwa okungenamsoco kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza;
- ukuqwasha
- Ubuhlungu enhliziyweni noma ekhanda.
Ukuwohloka okubukhali kwezempilo akufanele futhi kunganakwa. Kungaba futhi isibonakaliso esingaqondile sokuqala kokukhula kwanoma yisiphi isifo, kubandakanya nesifo sikashukela.
Izinto zevidiyo ezimpawu zesifo sikashukela:
Ezinganeni
Lesi sifo sivame ukunqunywa ezigulini ezincane ngemuva kokuvela kwezinkinga eziyingozi - i-ketoacidosis ne-coma. Izingane zivame ukuba nesifo sokuhlanza, lapho iziqephu ze-ketosis zenzeka njalo.
Lesi simo sitholakala ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinethuba lokucatshangelwa yi-acetonemic syndrome. Ukwanda kwaso kungavusa i-ARVI, ukutheleleka. Isifo sivame ukuqina njengoba ingane ikhula.
Uma ibonakala ezinsaneni kuze kube unyaka futhi iyaqhubeka ukubonakala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-7, kuyadingeka ukubonana nodokotela wobugqirha we-endocrinologist futhi, uma kunesidingo, hlola igazi ngamazinga kashukela.
Ukuboniswa kokuqala:
- ukuncipha okubukhali kwesisindo somzimba;
- i-polyuria;
- polydipsia.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ketoacidosis kuhambisana nezimpawu ezinjengokuthi:
- Ubuhlungu esiswini;
- isicanucanu noma izinhlungu zokuhlanza;
- isikhumba esomile
- ukuphefumula ngokushesha;
- Isiyezi
- ukuba khona kwe-acetone (kumchamo, ekuhlanzeni);
- ukungazi.
Ukutholwa kwalezi zimpawu kufanele kugqugquzele ukuvakasha kwangaphambili kwachwepheshe. Lokhu kungenxa yokukhula ngokushesha kwesifo ezinganeni kanye nokukhula ngokushesha kwezinkinga.
Ividiyo evela kuDkt Komarovsky ngalesi sifo ezinganeni:
Emadodeni
Isifo sikashukela sibonisa ukungafakwa kahle kwabantu, kanye nokunikezwa kwegazi ezithweni zokuzala, okuholela ekushintsheni kwendawo yofuzo emadodeni.
Izimpawu eziphambili yilezi:
- phonsa ku-libido;
- ukwephula nokuqina kokuqamba;
- ukungazali okubangelwa ukwehla kwe-motility kanye nenombolo yezindlela ezisebenzayo zesidoda.
Ukungezelelwa kweglucose okuvame ukubangela ukulunywa endaweni yangasese.
Kwabesifazane
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela kuthinta kabi imisebenzi yokuzala kwabesifazane.
Izimpawu ezinkulu zokuphulwa okunjalo yilezi:
- kwehlise isifiso sobulili;
- ukuqala okungajwayelekile kokuya esikhathini;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-candidiasis esithweni sangasese sowesifazane;
- ukoma nokulunywa ebusweni kwezimpawu zolwelwesi zesisu;
- ukungazali
Esimweni sokukhulelwa okuphumelelayo, isifo sikashukela kwesinye isikhathi siba imbangela yokuphuphuma kwesisu okujwayelekile kwengane noma kuholele ezinkingeni eziningi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, nangemva kokubeletha. Lesi sifo sikhathaza inhlala-kahle hhayi nje kuphela kamama okhulelwe, kodwa futhi sandisa nengozi yokuthuthukisa ama-pathologies ahlukahlukene enganeni.
Umthelela omubi onjalo wesifo sikashukela uchaza isidingo sokuba umama ngamunye olindele ukuba enze ucwaningo olufanelekile ukuze athole ngokushesha amazinga aphezulu eglucose kanye nokulahlekelwa kokubekezelelwa kukho.
Ividiyo yesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa:
Yini okufanele uyenze lapho ukhomba izimpawu zesifo sikashukela?
Ukuba khona kwezimpawu zesifo sikashukela akusewubufakazi bokukhula kwalesi sifo. Umuntu obone ukuwohloka okubukhali empilweni yakhe kanye nezimpawu ezisetshenziswayo kule endocrine pathology kufanele abonane nodokotela. Uchwepheshe uzonikeza ukudlula kwezinye izivivinyo ezengeziwe zokuxilonga ezizosiza ekuqinisekiseni noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphika ukuxilongwa.
Ekubonisaneni kokuqala, udokotela uzofunda umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nomlando wezokwelapha hhayi nje wesiguli kuphela, kodwa nezihlobo zakhe eziseduzane. Njengomthetho, uma kwenzeka ukugula kwabazali, isengaphambili salesi sifo sidluliselwa ezinganeni zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwesiguli kwembula ushintsho esikhumbeni, ulwelwesi lwama-mucous, kanye nokuba khona kokukhuluphala.
Izivivinyo zaselabhorethi ezidingekayo:
- ukuzimisela kwe-glucose egazini;
- I-TSH (ukutholwa kokubekezelela ushukela emzimbeni);
- i-glycosylated hemoglobin (ikhombisa izinga le-glycemia izinyanga ezi-3);
- ukunqunywa kwe-acetone kumchamo, kanye nenkomba ye-glucose;
- ukutadisha kwezinga le-c-peptide (kukhiqizwe yi-insulin).
Ukuvela kokuphambuka kumanani ajwayelekile kukhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela. Ezimweni ezinjalo, iziguli ziyelulekwa ukuthi zingene ezifundweni ezingeziwe ukuze zikhombe ubunzima besifo. Ngokusekelwe kudatha etholakele, kunikezwa ukwelashwa okufanele.
