I-insulin isetshenziswa ekwakheni umzimba njengehomoni enomphumela oqinile we-anabolic.
Kungani abasubathi bekuthatha?
I-insulin ifaka isandla ekunothiseni kangcono amaseli omzimba ngezakhi ezibalulekile.
Imiphumela ye-insulin
I-hormone inemiphumela emithathu eveziwe:
- i-anabolic;
- anti-catabolic;
- umzimba.
Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwesenzo sayo, i-insulin ikhonjelwe kulabo bantu abaqala nje ukwenza umsebenzi wokwakha umzimba. Isenzo sehomoni ingaholela ekufeni komsubathi ngenxa yokudla okungafanele.
Umphumela we-Anabolic
Lo mphumela wento ulele ekuzibandakanyeni kwabo okusebenzayo ekutholeni ama-amino acid amaseli emisipha. Ukutholwa okusebenzayo kakhulu kwama-amino acid azimele anjenge-leucine ne-valine.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto ezibalulekile zomphumela ovelele:
- ukwakheka kwemvelo kwamaprotheni, aqukethe ngokuvuthwa kwawo ngaphakathi komzimba;
- Ukuvuselelwa kwe-DNA;
- qinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwe-potassium, phosphate ye-magnesium emzimbeni;
- ukwakheka okwandayo kwama-acid acid nokufakwa kwawo esibindini, izicubu ze-adipose;
- ukushesha kwenqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-glucose kwezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Isici somphumela ukuthi umzimba uqala inqubo yokuhlanganisa amafutha uma kunokuntuleka kwe-insulin.
Imiphumela ye-anticatabolic ne-metabolic
Umnyombo womphumela we-anti-catabolic ungokulandelayo:
- ama-hormone anciphisa inqubo yokubhujiswa kwama-molecule amaprotheni;
- Amafutha enkambweni yesenzo aphulwa ngemodi ethambile;
- ngenxa yokuncipha kokuqhekeka kwamafutha, angena egazini ngenani elincane.
Umphumela we-metabolic ukwanda okujwayelekile kwenqubo ye-metabolic emzimbeni.
Ngokuqondile, lo mphumela ubonakaliswa ku:
- ukufakwa okwenziwe ngcono kweglucose kumaseli emisipha;
- kusebenze ama-enzyme amaningi abandakanyeka ku-glucose oxidation;
- ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwe-glycogen nezinye izinto;
- ukunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-glucose esibindini.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin ekwakheni umzimba
Izinhlobo ezintathu zezinto zihlukaniswa yisikhathi sesenzo:
- i-ultrashort;
- mfushane
- osethatha isikhathi eside.
Abakhi bomzimba basebenzisa i-insulin emfushane noma emfushane esebenza ngokubambelela.
Umgomo wokusebenza kwento ngesenzo se-ultrashort imi kanje:
- into ingeniswa emzimbeni bese kuthi ngemuva kwemizuzu eyi-10 iqale ukusebenza;
- umphumela omkhulu utholakala amahora ama-2 ngemuva komjovo;
- ukuphela kwesenzo sento emzimbeni kwenzeka ngemuva kwamahora ama-4 kuqalile ukwenziwa.
Ukudla okudingakalayo ngemuva kokufakwa kwento emzimbeni. Kunconywa ukuphatha i-insulin imizuzu eyi-10 ngaphambi kokudla noma ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla.
Izidakamizwa ezidume kakhulu eziqukethe i-insulin ye-ultrashort zifaka:
- Yeqa;
- Inhlawulo.
Kumenzeli osebenzayo omfishane, kuyimpawu:
- ukuqala kokusebenza kwesigamu sehora ngemuva kokuphathwa;
- ukufezekiswa komphumela omkhulu amahora ama-2 ngemuva komjovo;
- ukuphela ngemuva kwamahora ayi-6.
Umuthi ufakwa isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla. Izinketho ezinhle kakhulu zesidakamizwa esisebenza esifushane zifaka phakathi: iHumulin ejwayelekile kanye ne-Actrapid NM.
Okuhle nokubi
Le hormone yokuthutha inezinzuzo nobubi bobabili.
Ithebula lezakhiwo ezinhle nezingalungile:
| Izinzuzo | Qeda |
|---|---|
| Ayikho imiphumela emibi esibindini ngezinso Ukusebenza okuhle kwe-anabolic Inkambo emfushane enemiphumela esheshayo Akunawo umphumela we-androgenic emzimbeni womuntu Izinga eliphakeme le-hormone ethengisiwe, inani eliphansi le-fakes emakethe yezidakamizwa Isebenzisana kahle nama-anabolic steroid nama-peptides. Akuthinti i-potency Ukutholakala okubanzi kwemali Ukwemukelwa kwalo muthi akunamphumela emzimbeni, umsubathi akadingi ukwelashwa okulandelayo Imiphumela emincane emincane uma ithathwe kahle Ukubonakaliswa okubuthakathaka kwe-rollback ngemuva kwenkambo ye-hormonal | Isiza ekuzuzeni isisindo Kuthuthukisa i-hypoglycemia, lapho kugxilwa ushukela egazini kuyehla kumanani angaphansi kuka-3,5 mmol / l Ngethuluzi, kunikezwa inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokwamukela |
Ithuluzi linezinzuzo eziphindwe kayi-4 kunezinkinga, ezenza liphumelele kakhulu lapho usakha umzimba.
Umphumela wecala
Imvamisa imiphumela emibi yokuthatha i-insulin ekwakhiweni komzimba yi-hypoglycemia.
Kuyaziveza:
- ukujuluka okusindayo;
- iminyene emilenzeni;
- ukwephulwa ekubukeni kwendawo;
- ngesimo sokungazi lutho;
- ukuxhumanisa okungalungile;
- ngesimo umuzwa onamandla wendlala;
- ngesimo sokufeyila.
Ngalezi zimpawu, kudingeka ngokushesha i-glucose nganoma yiluphi uhlobo. Kwanele kumuntu ukuthi adle amaswidi. Abasubathi abasebenzisa lo muthi kumele baqaphele njalo ukugcwala koshukela egazini futhi baligcine lilingana.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, umuntu angathola ukungezwani ne-insulin. Ekubuyekezweni kwabanye abasubathi ngokuthatha i-insulin, kuboniswa ngezikhathi ezithile izehlakalo ezincane zokulunywa kanzima endaweni yomjovo.
Ukuphathwa isikhathi eside kwento ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubangela ukwehla okukhulu komkhiqizo wayo ngamanyikwe abo kubantu. Lokhu kwenzeka futhi ngenxa yemithamo ephezulu yehomoni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abasubathi abanconywa ukuthi baphathe i-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside.
Inkambo yokwamukelwa
Ungayithatha kanjani i-insulin? Inkambo yemijovo ye-insulin yenzelwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga noma ezimbili. Ngemuva kwalokhu, umsubathi kumele athathe ikhefu. Ngalesi sikhathi, umkhiqizo wakhe wama-hormone uzovuselelwa emzimbeni wakhe.
Ngokugadwa okufanele kombuso kwizifundo ezigcwele zanyanga zonke noma ezinyangeni ezimbili zokwenza umgodi zithola ukuya ku-10 kg wesisindo semisipha.
Lapho uthatha into, awukwazi ukudlula umkhawulo obekiwe. Emini, kuvunyelwe umthamo omkhulu wamayunithi angama-20 we-insulin. Ukudlula lokhu kuyinkomba kugcwele nemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu.
Ukwemukelwa kwehomoni kwenziwa ngokwemithetho:
- noma iyiphi inkambo iqala ngethamo elincane lamayunithi ama-1-2;
- umthamo ukhuphuka kancane kancane ngaphandle kokukhula okuqinile kumayunithi (kuyenqatshelwe ukuthi ushintshe ngokushesha ukusuka kumayunithi ama-2 kuye kwangama-4 noma ngaphezulu);
- ukukhuphuka kancane kancane komthamo kufanele kuphele emayunithi angama-20;
- ukwethulwa kwama-unit angaphezu kuka-20 omuthi phakathi nosuku akuvunyelwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hormone ezigabeni zokuqala kwenziwa ngokuqapha ngokusondelana kwempilo yakho noshukela wegazi.
Nge-hormone, izinketho ezimbalwa zokuvama kokuphathwa kwawo sezisunguliwe:
- kuthathwa nsuku zonke;
- imijovo yenziwa njalo ezinsukwini ezi-2;
- imijovo yenziwa kabili ngosuku.
Zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zezifundo kwezemidlalo zivunyelwe. Ngayinye yazo ihlukile enanini lezinto eziphathisiwe kanye nesikhathi esiphelele sesifundo. Ngokwamukelwa nsuku zonke, isikhathi sesifundo asikho ngaphezu kwenyanga. Isikhathi esifanayo sasungulwa ngemijovo kabili ngosuku. Inkambo yezinyanga ezimbili ilungile uma umakhi ezilimaza yena nge-hormone nsuku zonke.
Umphumela ongezekile omuhle womjovo we-hormonal ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa kungenxa yokwehla okukhulu koshukela wegazi. Ukuzivocavoca kuholela ku-hypoglycemia, umphumela wayo uvuselelwa ngomjovo we-insulin. Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu, umsubathi ukhula ngenkuthalo ama-hormone okukhula okunemiphumela ezuzisayo kusisindo semisipha.
Ngamanye amahora, akukhuthazwa ukwethula into emzimbeni.
Uma ukuqeqeshwa kunqunyelwe zonke ezinye izinsuku, uhlelo lokuphathwa kwemithi lumi ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- ngosuku ongayikuqeqeshwa ngalo, kunikezwa umjovo ekuseni ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni;
- ngosuku lokuqeqeshwa, umjovo wenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa kwamandla;
- ngosuku olukhululekile, kunikezwa umjovo we-hormone Actrapid, onesenzo esifushane;
- ngosuku lokuqeqeshwa - i-hormone Novorapid, enomphumela we-ultrashort.
Ngemininingwane engaphezulu ngamasu wokuthola i-isulin ezintweni zevidiyo:
Isidingo se-insulin sibalwa ngokuya ngesilinganiso: iyunithi eli-1 le-hormone lhambelana namagremu ayi-10 ama-carbohydrate.
Kwenqatshelwe ukufaka umjovo into ngaphambi kokukhula komzimba nangaphambi kokulala. Ngemuva kokufakwa kwento, umsubathi udinga inani elikhulu lamaprotheni kanye nama-carbohydrate.
