Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin sekuba yingxenye ebalulekile ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela. Umphumela walesi sifo ngezinga elikhulu kuya ngokuthi isiguli sizoyisebenzisa kahle kangakanani inqubo futhi sinamathele emithethweni ejwayelekile nakuma-algorithms wokulawula okungatheni kwe-Insulin.
Ngaphansi kwethonya lezinqubo ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni womuntu, ukungasebenzi kahle kwamanyikwe kwenzeka. Ukulibaziseka secretion ne-hormone yayo eyinhloko - i-Insulin. Ukudla kuyayeka ukugaywa ngamanani afanele, kuncishiswe amandla we-metabolism. I-hormone ayanele ekuqhekekeni kwe-glucose futhi ingena egazini. Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kuphela okwaziyo ukumisa le nqubo ye-pathological. Ukuze uzinzise isimo, kusetshenziswa imijovo.
Imithetho ejwayelekile
Ukujova kwenziwa ngaphambi kokudla ngakunye. Isiguli asikwazi ukuxhumana nochwepheshe wezokwelapha izikhathi eziningi kakhulu futhi kuyodingeka sifunde i-algorithm nemithetho yokuphatha, sifunde idivaysi nezinhlobo zama-syringes, inqubo yokusebenzisa kwazo, imithetho yokugcina i-hormone ngokwayo, ukwakheka kwayo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo.
Kuyadingeka ukulandela ukuqina, ukuhambisana namazinga wokuhlanzeka:
- geza izandla, usebenzise amagilavu;
- phatha kahle izindawo zomzimba lapho umjovo uzokwenziwa khona;
- funda ukuthayipha umuthi ngaphandle kokuthinta inaliti nezinye izinto.
Kuyalulekwa ukuthi uqonde ukuthi hlobo luni lomuthi lukhona, lusebenza isikhathi esingakanani, nokuthi lukushisa kangakanani nokuthi umuthi ungagcinwa isikhathi esingakanani.
Imvamisa, umjovo ugcinwa esiqandisini emazingeni okushisa angama-2 kuye kwangama-8. Lokushisa kuvame ukugcinwa emnyango wesiqandisi. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi imisebe yelanga iwele kulo muthi.
Kunenombolo enkulu yama-insulin ahlukaniswe ngokwamapharamitha ahlukile:
- Isigaba
- ukuhlanganiswa;
- degree yokuhlanzwa;
- ijubane nesikhathi sokusebenza.
Isigaba sincike ekutheni i-hormone ihlukaniswe yiphi.
Kungaba:
- ingulube;
- umkhomo;
- okwenziwe kusuka kumanyikwe ezinkomeni;
- womuntu
Kunezinto ezenzelwe ukwenza izinto kanye nokuhlangana. Ngokwezinga lokuhlanzwa, ukuhlukaniswa kuya kulabo okuhlungiwe nge-ethanol ye-acid bese kufakwa i-crystallize ngokuhlanzwa okujulile ezingeni lamangqamuzana ne-chionatography ye-ion-exchange.
Ngokuya ngejubane kanye nobude besenzo, bahlukanisa:
- i-ultrashort;
- mfushane
- ubude besikhathi esiphakathi;
- eside
- kuhlangene.
Ithebula lesikhathi se-hormone:
Isihloko | Isenzo |
|---|---|
I-Insulin Actrapid elula | Amafushane ama-6 kuya kwayi-8 amahora |
I-Insulin Semilenta | Isilinganiso sobude bamahora ayi-16 - 20 |
| I-Zinc Insulin Ukumiswa | Isikhathi eside samahora angama-24 - ama-36 |
Udokotela we-endocrinologist kuphela onganquma irejimeni yokwelashwa futhi anikeze umthamo.
Bafaka kuphi?
Ngomjovo, kunezindawo ezikhethekile:
- ithanga (indawo phezulu nangaphambili);
- isisu (eduze ne-umbilical fossa);
- izinqe;
- ehlombe.
Kubalulekile ukuthi umjovo ungangeni ezicutshini zemisipha. Kuyadingeka ukujova emafutheni angaphansi kwe-subcutaneous, ngaphandle kwalokho, uma usushayile umsipha, umjovo uzodala umuzwa ongathandeki kanye nezinkinga.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele ukwethulwa kwehomoni ngesenzo esikhona isikhathi eside. Kungcono ukuyifaka okhalweni nasezinkalweni - kutholwa kancane kancane.
Umphumela oshesha, izindawo ezifanele kakhulu amahlombe nesisu. Yingakho amaphampu ahlala ekhokhiswa ngama-insulin amafushane.
Izindawo ezingafanele nemithetho yokushintsha izindawo zokujova
Izindawo zesisu kanye okhalweni zilungele kakhulu labo abasebenza imijovo bebodwa. Lapha kulula kakhulu ukuqoqa isibaya nesikhuhlu, qiniseka ukuthi yindawo efanele yamafutha. Kungaba yinkinga ukuthola izindawo zokujova kubantu abancane, ikakhulukazi labo abahlushwa i-dystrophy.
Kufanele kulandelwe umthetho wokufakelwa indiva. Okungenani amasentimitha amabili kufanele abuyiselwe kumjovo ngamunye owedlule.
Izindawo zomjovo kumele ziguqulwe njalo. Futhi njengoba udinga ukugwaza njalo futhi okuningi, khona-ke kunezindlela ezi-2 zokuphuma kwalesi simo - ukwahlukanisa indawo ehloselwe ukujova izingxenye ezi-4 noma ezi-2 nokungena komunye wazo ngenkathi abanye besaphumulile, ungakhohlwa ukubuyela emuva ngo-2 cm endaweni yomjovo owedlule .
Kungcono ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi isayithi lomjovo aliguquki. Uma ukuphathwa kwomuthi ethangeni sekuqalile, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukugwaza ethangeni ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma esiswini, lapho-ke kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka ukuze ijubane lokulethwa kwezidakamizwa lingashintshi.
I-Subcutaneous Technique
Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, kunendlela eqoshwe ngokukhethekile yokusebenzisa umuthi.
Isirinji ethile yakhelwe imijovo ye-insulin. Ukwehlukanisa kulo akufani nokwehlukaniswa okujwayelekile. Kumakwe amayunithi - amayunithi. Lokhu kuyindlela ekhethekile yeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela.
Phezu kwesirinji le-insulin, kukhona ipeni yesirinji, kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, iyatholakala ukusetshenziswa kabusha. Kukhona ukwahlukana kukho okuhambelana nengxenye yomthamo.
Ungaqokomisa ukwethulwa kokusebenzisa iphampu (i-dispenser). Lokhu kungenye yokusungulwa kwesimanje, okufakwe yiphaneli yokulawula ehlanganiswe ngebhande. Idatha ifakwa ukusetshenziswa komthamo othile futhi ngesikhathi esifanele isabalalisa sibala ingxenye yomjovo.
Isingeniso senzeka ngenaliti efakwe esiswini, ihlanganiswe ne-duct tepi futhi ixhunywe ku-insulin flask isebenzisa amashubhu e-elastic.
I-Syringe Ukusetshenziswa kwe-algorithm:
- chaza izandla;
- khipha isigaxa senaliti yesirinji, udonse umoya kuyo bese uyikhulula ebhodleleni nge-Insulin (udinga umoya omningi njengoba kuzoba nomuthi wokujova);
- anikine ibhodlela;
- shayela umthamo onqunyelwe okungaphezulu kwelebula oyifunayo;
- lahla imvuthuluka yomoya;
- sula indawo yomjovo nge-antiseptic, drain;
- ngesithupha sakho kanye nesandulelo sakho sangaphambili, ukuqoqa umkhondo endaweni lapho kuzoba khona khona umjovo;
- yenza umjovo ezansi wonxantathu nokusongelwa, ucindezela kancane kancane ipiston;
- khipha inaliti ngokubala imizuzwana eyi-10;
- kuphela bese ukhulula i-crease.
I-algorithm yokuphatha i-hormone ngepeni yesirinji:
- kutholakala umthamo;
- cishe amayunithi ama-2 afafazwe esikhaleni;
- umthamo owuthandayo usethelwe epuletini yenombolo;
- kwenziwa isibaya emzimbeni, uma inalithi ingu-0,25 mm, ayidingeki;
- umuthi wethulwa lapho ucindezela ukuphela kwesibambo;
- ngemuva kwemizuzwana eyi-10, ipeni lesirinji liyasuswa bese kuthi kukhishwe i-crease.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izinaliti zemijovo ye-insulin zincane kakhulu - ubude buyi-8-12 mm no-0,25-0.4 mm ubukhulu.
Umjovo onesirinji we-insulin kufanele wenziwe nge-engela ka-45 °, nesirinji enepeni - emugqeni oqondile.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umuthi awunakunyakaziswa. Ukhipha inaliti, awukwazi ukukhuhla le ndawo. Awungeke wenze umjovo ngesisombululo esibandayo - uma usukhiphe umkhiqizo esiqandisini, udinga ukuwubamba ezintendeni zakho bese uskrola kancane ukuze usifudumele.
Ngemuva komjovo, kufanele udle ukudla ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-20.
Ungayibona kahle le nqubo kuzinto zevidiyo ezivela kuDkt Malysheva:
Izinkinga zenqubo
Izinkinga zivame ukwenzeka uma ungalandeli yonke imithetho yokuphatha.
Ukungaziphathi kahle komuthi kungadala ukungezwani okuhlobene nokungabekezeleleki kumaphrotheni akha ukwakheka kwawo.
Ukungezwani komzimba kungavezwa:
- ubomvu, ukulunywa, okhalweni;
- ukuvuvukala
- i-bronchospasm;
- I-edema kaQuincke;
- ukwethuka kwe-anaphylactic.
Kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka into ye-Arthus - ubomvu nokwanda kokuvuvukala, ukuvuvukala kuthola umbala obomvu onsomi. Ukumisa izinkomba, phendukela ku-insulin chipping. Inqubo yokubuyela emuva iyangena bese kufakwa isikhafu endaweni ye-necrosis.
Njenganoma yikuphi ukwaliwa, i-desensitizing agents (Pipolfen, diphenhydramine, Tavegil, Suprastin) nama-hormone (iHydrocortisone, microdoses of multicomponent porcine noma i-Insulin yomuntu, iPrednisolone).
Endaweni yakho kufanele ungene ku-chipping ngemithamo eyandayo ye-insulin.
Ezinye izinkinga ezingenzeka:
- Ukumelana ne-insulin. Yilapho amaseli eyeka ukuphendula i-insulin. Ushukela wegazi ukhuphukela emazingeni aphezulu. I-insulin iyadingeka ngokuningi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, nikeza ukudla, ukuzivocavoca. Ukwelashwa nge-Biguanides (Siofor, Glucofage) ngaphandle kokudla nokuzivocavoca umzimba akuphumeleli.
- I-Hypoglycemia - Enye yezinkinga eziyingozi kakhulu. Izimpawu ze-pathology - ukukhuphuka kokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukujuluka, indlala engapheli, ukungabekezeleleki, ukuthuthumela (ukuthuthumela) kwemilenze. Uma kungekho sinyathelo esithathwayo, i-hypoglycemic coma ingavela. Usizo lokuqala: nikeza ubumnandi.
- I-Lipodystrophy. Kunezindlela zama-atrophic ne-hypertrophic. Kubizwa nangokuthi ukukhukhumeza okungamafutha okucashile. Kwenzeka kaningi lapho imithetho yokujova ingalandelwa - ukungabheki ibanga elifanele phakathi kwemijovo, ukuphatha i-hormone ebandayo, ukusebenzisa indawo lapho umjovo wenziwe khona. I-pathogenesis ngqo ayikhonjwanga, kepha lokhu kungenxa yokwephulwa kwe-trophism yezicubu ngokuhlukumezeka okungapheli kuya ezinhlungwini ngesikhathi sokujova kanye nokungenisa i-insulin engasasebenzi kahle. Buyisela indawo ethintekile ngokunqenqema ngehomoni ene-monocomponent. Kukhona inqubo ehlongozwayo nguProfessor V. Talantov - ukugawula ngengxube ye-novocaine. Ukuphiliswa kwezicubu kuqala emasontweni e-2 elashwa. Ukugxila ikakhulukazi kunikezwa esifundweni esijulile sendlela yokujova.
- Ukwehlisa i-potassium egazini. Ngale nkinga, isifiso sokudla siyabonakala. Nikeza ukudla okukhethekile.
Izinkinga ezilandelayo zingashiwo:
- umgubuzelo phambi kwamehlo;
- ukudumba kwemikhawulo engezansi;
- ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi;
- isisindo somzimba.
Akunzima ukukuqeda ngokudla okukhethekile kanye nohlobo.
