Isifo sikashukela mellitus (DM) yisimo se- "hyperglycemia" engapheli. Imbangela ngqo yesifo sikashukela ayikaziwa. Lesi sifo singabonakala phambi kwezinkinga zofuzo eziphazamisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwamaseli noma kuthinte i-insulin ngokungafanele. Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela zihlanganisa nomonakalo ongamahlalakhona kumanyikwe, i-hyperfunction ye-endocrine gland (i-pituitary, adrenal gland, gland yegland), umphumela wezinto ezinobuthi noma ezithathelanayo. Isikhathi eside, isifo sikashukela siye sabonwa njengesici esibalulekile sobungozi ekwakhekeni kwezifo zenhliziyo (SS).
Ngenxa yokubonakaliswa okujwayelekile komtholampilo kwe-arterial, inhliziyo, ingqondo noma i-peripheral yezinkinga ezenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokulawulwa glycemic okungekuhle, isifo sikashukela sithathwa njengesifo se-vascular real.
Izibalo zesifo sikashukela
EFrance, inani leziguli ezinesifo sikashukela licishe libe yizigidi ezingama-2,7, kuthi abangama-90% kuzo yiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Cishe bangama-300 000-500 000 abantu (i-10-15%) yeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela abangasoli ngisho nokuba khona kwalesi sifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuluphala esiswini kwenzeka cishe kubantu abayizigidi eziyi-10, okuyimfuneko yokuqala ukuthuthukiswa kwe-T2DM. Izinkinga ze-SS zitholwa kakhudlwana izikhathi ezingama-2.4 kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Banquma ukunqotshwa kwesifo sikashukela futhi banomthelela ekwehlekeni kwesilinganiso sokuphila kweziguli ngeminyaka eyi-8 kubantu abaneminyaka engama-55-64 futhi ngeminyaka emi-4 yamaqembu asebekhulile.
Cishe i-65-80% yamacala, imbangela yokushona kwabanesifo sikashukela yizingxaki zenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi i-myocardial infarction (MI), unhlangothi. Ngemuva kokuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-myocardial, izehlakalo zenhliziyo zivame ukwenzeka ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela. Amathuba okusinda kweminyaka engu-9 ngemuva kokungenelela kwepulasitiki emikhunjini kungama-68% kwabanesifo sikashukela kanye nama-83,5% kubantu abajwayelekile; ngenxa ye-stenosis yesibili kanye ne-atheromatosis enolaka, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zinolwazi oluphindaphindwayo lwe-MI. Inani leziguli ezinesifo sikashukela emnyangweni wezinhliziyo likhula njalo futhi lenza ngaphezu kwama-33% azo zonke iziguli. Ngakho-ke, isifo sikashukela sibhekwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yengozi yokwakheka kwezifo ze-SS.
Izibalo zesifo sikashukela zango-2016 (WHO)
Ngo-Ephreli 2016, i-World Health Organisation yashicilela umbiko wesifo sikashukela emhlabeni wonke kwiwebhusayithi yayo. Izibalo ezilandelayo zesifo sikashukela zibhalwe lapho:
- ngo-1980, babalelwa ezigidini ezingama-108 abaphethwe yisifo sikashukela emhlabeni wonke;
- ngonyaka ka-2014, leli nani lenyuka laya ezigidini ezingama-422;
- ukwanda kwesifo sikashukela somhlaba wonke (sobudala) sekwande cishe kabili, kukhuphuka sisuka ku-4.7% saya ku-8.5%;
- ngonyaka ka-2012, abantu abayizigidi ezingama-3.7 babulawa yisifo sikashukela (abangama-43% kubo bengaphansi kweminyaka engama-70);
- inani lokufa liphezulu emazweni anengeniso ephansi naphakathi;
- ngo-2030, isifo sikashukela sizoba imbangela yesikhombisa yokufa emhlabeni wonke.
Azikho izibalo zomhlaba wonke ezenzakalweni zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2, ngoba ngaphambi kokuba isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sithinte abantu abadala kuphela, manje izingane zingagula.
