UMSEBENZI WE-YEGILO EMZIMBENI WOMUNTU - ISIFO SIKASHUKELA

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Indlala yegilo iyisitho sohlelo lwe-endocrine. Umsebenzi womzimba ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni aqukethe i-iodine (i-thyroid) abathintekayo kulawulo lwe-metabolism, okuthinta ukukhula kwamaseli ngamanye kanye nawo wonke umzimba.

Lezi zingxube zithinta isimo sokusebenza kwamathambo, zivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwama-osteoblasts futhi zilawule inqubo ye-phosphate ne-calcium ukungena kwezicubu zamathambo.

I-thyroid - imininingwane ejwayelekile

Indlala yegilo itholakala ngaphambili kwentamo (kancane ngaphansi kwe-apula lika-Adamu). I-Iron inesisindo esingama-18 g futhi ifana novemvane ngesimo. Ngemuva kwendlala yegilo kukhona i-trachea, enamathiselwe kuyo indlala yegilo, iyimboza kancane. Ngaphezulu kwendlala kukhona i-cartilage ye-thyroid.

Indlala yegilo iyisitho esincanyana nesithambile okunzima ukusibona ku-palpation, noma kunjalo, ngisho nokuvuvukala okuncane kuyabonakala kahle futhi kubonakala ngeso elinqunu. Ukusebenza kwe-gland yegilo kuncike ezicini eziningi - ikakhulukazi, esilinganisweni se-iodine e-organic engena emzimbeni.

Kunamaqembu amabili aphambili ezifo ezihambisana nomsebenzi we-thyroid ophelile:

Ama-pathologies ahambisana nokukhiqizwa kwe-hormone okunciphile (hypothyroidism);
Izifo ezidalwa wukwanda kokusebenza kwehomoni (hyperthyroidism, thyrotooticosis).

Ukushoda kwe-iodine okubonwa kwezinye izindawo zezwe kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-endemic goiter - indlala yegilo ebanzi.
Lesi sifo sidalwa ukusabela okuguqukayo kwe-yegilo yegilo kokuntuleka kwe-iodine emanzini nasekudleni.

Isimo sokusebenza kwe-yegilo yegilo ihlolwe indlela yelabhoratri kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-biochemical. Kunezivivinyo ezinquma ngokunembile inani lazo zonke izinhlobo zama-hormone akhiqizwa i-gland yegland.

Umsebenzi we-thyroid

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-gland ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone i-thyroxine (T4) futhi triiodothyronine (T3)

La mahomoni alawula i-metabolism emzimbeni - avuselela, asheshise (futhi uma kunesidingo, anciphisa) ukuqhekeka kanye nokusakazwa kabusha kwamakhabohayidrethi, amafutha kanye namaprotheni.

Izinga lama-hormone egilo alawulwa indlala yendawo esisendaweni engezansi kobuchopho. Lo mzimba ufihla i-hormone evuselela i-thyroid, evuselela indlala yegilo, iwukhuphule ekukhiqizeni kwe-thyroxine ne-triiodothyronine. Lolu hlelo lusebenza ngesisekelo sempendulo. Uma ama-hormone e-thyroid ayingcosana, i-pituitary gland ikhiqiza inani elikhulayo lamahomoni akhuthaza i-thyroid kanye okuphambene nalokho. Ngakho-ke, cishe izinga elifanayo lama-hormone liyagcinwa emzimbeni.

Izinqubo ezilawulwa ngamahomoni e-thyroid:

I-Metabolism yamafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate;
Umsebenzi wenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi;
Umsebenzi wokudla wepheshana;
Umsebenzi wengqondo nowezinzwa;
Uhlelo lokuzala.

Uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli yegilo lihlangana futhi lifake elinye i-hormone egazini - calcitonin. Le nhlanganisela esebenzayo ilawula izinga le-calcium emzimbeni womuntu. Ngakho-ke, isimo sohlelo lwamathambo kanye nokuqhutshwa kokufakelwa kwezinzwa kwezicubu zemisipha kuyalawulwa.

Indlala yegilo idlala indima enkulu emzimbeni kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula kwayo, kusukela esikhathini sokuzala. Ukuthuthuka okugcwele nokubanzi komuntu kuya ngesimo nokusebenza kwe-gland yegilo.

Umphumela wesifo sikashukela esimweni se-yegilo yegilo

Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, njengesifo esisebenzayo sezinqubo ze-metabolic, sandisa amathuba okuba ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-thyroid. Ngokwezibalo zezokwelapha, kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, isifo se-thyroid sande kakhulu ngo-10-20%.

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwami basengozini enkulu. I-Autoimmune (okungukuthi, ebangelwa yizici zangaphakathi) ze-pathologies ze-yegilo yegilo zikhona kuzo zonke iziguli zesithathu ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
Ngokuqondene nabantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo II, amathuba okukhula kokusebenza kwe-yegilo nawo aphezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kungekho zinyathelo zokuthathwa ezithathwa.

Kunobudlelwano obuhlukile: ukuba khona kwe-thyroid pathologies (eyayikhona emzimbeni ngaphambi kokukhula kwesifo sikashukela) kuyithinta kabi inkambo yesifo sikashukela.

I-Hypothyroidism ngokungathinti kuthinta izinga le-insulin egazini; nge-hyperthyroidism, imiphumela yabantu abanesifo sikashukela iyingozi kakhulu.

Ukuba khona kwe-hyperthyroidism kwandisa amazinga e-plasma glucose. Ushukela ophakeme njalo ungadala ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela esisezingeni eliphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isisindo esikhona ngokweqile kanye nokuntuleka kwama-hormone egilo kubhebhethekisa ubuthi be-metabolism futhi singasebenza njengesizathu esengeziwe ekuthuthukiseni isifo sikashukela.

Ngokuntuleka kokusebenza kwe-horoni ye-gland kubantu abanesifo sikashukela noma labo abaphambi kwalesi sifo, kungavela lezi zimo ezilandelayo:

Ukwephulwa kwe-lipid metabolism futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kukhuphuka amazinga we-cholesterol nama-lipid ayingozi egazini namazinga aphansi e-triglycerides kanye nama-acid "anenzuzo";
I-atherossteosis yemikhumbi, umkhuba we-stenosis (we-pathological unciphisa) wemithambo, ekhulisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nemivimbo.

I-Hyperthyroidism (okweqile kwama-hormone e-thyroid) kuqinisa izibonakaliso nokubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela, njengoba kusheshisa imetabolism. Futhi uma izinqubo ze-metabolic zishesha phakathi nenkambo yazo ye-pathological, lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kwesimo sesiguli samanje. Eqinisweni, ushukela kulezi zimo uthuthuka kaningana ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-hyperthyroidism kanye nesifo sikashukela kungadala:

I-Acidosis (ushintsho lwe-pathological ku-acid-base esele yomzimba, okuholela ekhefeni likashukela);
Ukwehla komsoco wenhliziyo, izicubu zentliziyo ezibucayi (arrhythmia);
Amathambo wethambo izicubu (amathambo kanye nokulahleka kwamathambo).

Impilo ejwayelekile yomzimba nayo iyahlupheka - buthakathaka ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela, isiguli sidingida kakhulu ukubonakaliswa kwe-hyperthyroidism noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-thyroid.

Izindlela zokulungisa

Injongo eyinhloko yokwelapha isifo sikashukela ihlanganiswe ne-hyperthyroidism ukunciphisa izinga lamahomoni e-thyroid.

Njengamanje, kunezidakamizwa ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa umsebenzi we-hormonal gland. I-Hypothyroidism isuswa ngendlela efanayo - ngosizo lokukhuthaza izidakamizwa i-gland.

Ukuvimbela, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwama-hormone e-thyroid egazini kufanele kwenziwe. Uma kunomkhuba wokukhulisa noma wehlise lesi sikhombisi, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuthibela. Kunamalungiselelo wemithi anikeza iodine e-organic emzimbeni ukuze kuqedwe ukuntuleka kwale nto emzimbeni. Ukulungiswa kokudla okunempilo nakho kuyasiza.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amanye ama-endocrinologists abheka i-hyperthyroidism elinganiselayo njengento enhle kwabanesifo sikashukela, ngoba kubantu abadala umsebenzi we-hormonal we-thyroid gland uvimbela ukukhula kwezinguquko ze-atherosclerotic emikhunjini ehambisana nesifo sikashukela.

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