Ngingakwazi yini ukubeletha ingane enesifo sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela yisifo esibucayi esingatholakala kalula njengefa. Ngakho-ke, abesifazane abaningi banokwesaba impilo yezingane zabo ezingakazalwa. Bahlala bezibuza ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuzala isifo sikashukela. Ngaphambi kokuphendula lo mbuzo, kufanele kuphawulwe ngokushesha ukuthi odokotela bahlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana zalesi sifo:

• SD1. Isifo sohlobo 1, esibonakaliswa ukwephulwa okuningana noma okuphelele kokuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin. Kutholakala ikakhulukazi kubantu abasha, ngoba isici esiyinhloko sokucatshangwa kwentuthuko yaso kuwukuzindla okuyifa.
• T2. Isifo sohlobo 2, lapho kugcinwa khona i-insulin, kepha ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana nezicubu zomzimba kule hormone kulahlekile. Ukuxilongwa nge-T2DM ikakhulu kubantu abangaphezulu kwama-40 abahlushwa ukukhuluphala.
• Isifo sikashukela sokutholwa kwesisu. Kubizwa nangokuthi isifo sikashukela esikhulelwe, ngoba lesi sifo sikhula kahle ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Isizathu sokukhula kwayo umthwalo omningi emzimbeni kanye nelifa eliyindlalifa.

Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela luvame kakhulu, ngoba luqala ukukhula kwalo esemncane, kanye nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. I-T2DM kwabesifazane beminyaka yokuzala cishe icishe ingatholakali, ngoba ivele ikhula ekuqaleni kokuya esikhathini.

Kodwa-ke, uma sibona iqiniso lokuthi uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela selusanda kutholakala kubantu abasha ngokumelene nesizinda sokukhuluphala nokudla okungenampilo, ubungozi bokuthi kwenzeke kwabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala engama-20 ukuya ku-35, yize bukhulu kakhulu.

Isifo sikashukela sokutholwa kwesisu

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa siqala kuphela ukukhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kwenzeka kowesifazane ngokuzumayo futhi njengoba nje anyamalala ngokuzumayo ngemuva kokubeletha. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kubangelwa ukukhiqizwa okwandayo kwama-hormone emzimbeni wowesifazane, okudingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukukhulelwa. Azenzi kuphela ezithweni zohlelo lokuzala, kodwa futhi nakuwo wonke umzimba.

Ikakhulu kusukela ekukhiqizweni ngokweqile kwama-hormone okukhulelwa, ama-pancreas ayahlupheka, ngoba ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu. Kepha lokhu akumvimbi ukuthi akhiqize i-insulin futhi abhekane nemisebenzi yakhe esemqoka, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokuzalwa, ukuqhubeka okwengeziwe kwesifo sikashukela, njengomthetho, akwenzeki.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka njalo amazinga kashukela wegazi, ngoba bonke abesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-25 basengozini yokuqhamuka ne-GDM

Njengoba unesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, owesifazane kwesinye isikhathi uba noshukela wegazi futhi kaningi lokhu kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile (kwi-trimester yesibili). Izici eziphambili zokuphakamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo yilezi:

• isiphetho sofuzo;
• ukukhuluphala
• i-polycystic ovary (ukukhulelwa kuleli cala kwenzeka kakhulu kakhulu futhi kucishe kuhambisane nezinkinga);
• ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa emlandweni wokukhulelwa kwangaphambilini.

Ungasola ukuba khona kwalesi sifo kowesifazane okhulelwe ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukoma okungapheli kanye nomuzwa womlomo owomile (obonwa ngokwenyuka okubukhali koshukela wegazi);
• indlala, ngisho nangemva kokudla;
• isiyezi esivamile;
• kwehlise i-acuity ebonakalayo;
• ukuchama kaningi nokukhipha umchamo ngosuku.

Njengomthetho, abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa banezingane ezikhuluphele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho kukhona amazinga kashukela aphezulu, hhayi kuphela amanyikwe kamama, kodwa nengane yakhe esibelethweni ivezwa umthwalo oqinile. Ngenxa yalokhu, lo mbungu uphazamiseka kuma-carbohydrate kanye nama-metabolism wamafutha, okuba yisizathu sokubonakala kwesisindo somzimba ngokweqile.

Imiphumela yesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kuzalwa izingane ezinkulu, izinkinga zivame ukuvela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane ngendlela yokuqhuma okukhulu nokopha. Ngakho-ke, owesifazane kudingeka aqaphele kakhulu ekudleni kwakhe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi aqaphe njalo ushukela wegazi lakhe. Uma kunganciphi ngosizo lokudla okhethekile, kufanele uqale uthathe izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela. Kepha ungabaphuza kuphela ngokuyalelwa udokotela.

Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala

Ukuzalwa ngesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa

Uhlobo lwe-1 yesifo sikashukela uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu lwalesi sifo, ngoba ngesikhathi sokukhula kwalo kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle kwepancreatic. Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kokuphila konke kunqunyelwe ukunxephezela i-insulin emzimbeni nokugcina amazinga evamile kashukela.

Lapho bebuzwa ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba ukhulelwe i-T1DM, odokotela baphendula ngokuthi le ndlela yalesi sifo akuyona ukwephula ukukhulelwa, kodwa ithwala izingozi ezinkulu zezinkinga ezahlukahlukene kumama ngesikhathi sokuzala kwengane kanye nasesibelethweni.

Okokuqala, kunosongo olukhulu lokopha ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane. Okwesibili, owesifazane kungenzeka ukuthi athuthukise isifo sikashukela, esibonakala ngomsebenzi wezinso ongasebenzi kahle futhi sihambisana nokukhula kokwehluleka kwezinso.

Ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezinkinga ezinganeni, owesifazane okhulelwe udinga ukusetshenziswa njalo kwemijovo ye-insulin

Okwesithathu, kunezingozi ezinkulu zokuthi "udlulise" i-T1DM enganeni. Kodwa-ke, konke kuncike ku-genetics. Uma umama kuphela egula i-T1DM, amathuba okuthi ifa lalesi sifo ingane liyi-10%. Uma ubaba enalesi sifo, khona-ke izingozi ziyanda ziye kufinyelela kuma-20%, ngoba lesi sifo sivame ukudluliselwa kwesinye isizukulwane kwesinye size ngomugqa wesilisa. Kepha uma i-DM1 itholakala ngokushesha kubo bobabili abazali, amathuba okukhula kwayo ezinganeni zayo ezingakazalwa angama-40%. Kodwa-ke, kwezokwelapha, kuvame ukuba nezimo lapho izingane ezinempilo ngokuphelele zazalwa ezinesifo sikashukela. Futhi isizathu salokhu ukulungiselela okulungile kokukhulelwa okuzayo.

Uma owesifazane onesifo sikashukela efuna ukuba ngumama, kufanele ahlelele ukukhulelwa kwakhe futhi akwenze kahle. Into yokuthi uma kukhulelwa ngengozi, abesifazane bazothola ngalokhu emavikini ambalwa emva kokukhulelwa, lapho umbungu usubeke izitho zangaphakathi zangasese. Ngaphansi kwethonya loshukela omkhulu wegazi, ukwakheka kwezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo kungenzeki ngokujwayelekile. Kulokhu, noma ngabe ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka ngaphandle kwezinkinga, amathuba okuba nengane enama-pathologies ahlukahlukene aphezulu kakhulu.

Ukulungiselela ukukhulelwa onesifo sikashukela

Njengoba sekushiwo, ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, kungenzeka ukwenza nokukhipha ingane enempilo. Into esemqoka ukulungiselela kahle ukukhulelwa okuzayo. Yini edingekayo kowesifazane? Kulokhu, udinga:

• zuza isinxephezelo esiqhubekayo;
• ukunciphisa umzimba, uma ikhona.

Ukuthola isinxephezelo saphakade, owesifazane kufanele enze inkambo ephelele yokwelashwa. Ngeke adinge nje kuphela ukusebenzisa imijovo ye-insulin njalo nangesikhathi esifanele, kodwa futhi aqaphe njalo ukudla kwakhe, angafaki ukudla okunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kokudla okune-carbohydrate okuvela kuyo, kanye nemidlalo yokudlala.

Ukudla okufanele kanye nemithi esifike ngesikhathi kuzosiza ukugwema imiphumela emibi yesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ukuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo kubaluleke kakhulu kule ndaba, ngoba kuthinta noshukela wegazi. Lapho umuntu ehambisa, umzimba wakhe uchitha amandla amaningi futhi wehlise noshukela egazini. Kepha lapha kubalulekile ukuthi ungawudli ngokweqile ukuze uvikele ukwenzeka kwesimo se-hypoglycemic.

Uma owesifazane elandela konke ukunconywa kukadokotela futhi elandela ukudla okuhambisana nokuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo, uzokwazi ukuthola isinxephezelo esizinzile ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ngesikhathi sokulashwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka amazinga kashukela egazini njalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele usebenzise idivaysi ekhethekile - i-glucometer, futhi imiphumela etholwe ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwayo kufanele ibhalwe kudayari futhi iboniswe kudokotela. Ngakho-ke uzokwazi ukunquma ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwalokhu ukwelashwa futhi, uma kunesidingo, akushintshe.

Ngokuqondene nesisindo eseqile, owesifazane kufanele aqonde ukuthi ukukhuluphala ngokwako kuyisici esithinta kabi inkambo yesifo. Ngakho-ke, kudingekile ngokuphuthumayo ukukususa. Kodwa-ke, uma enamathela ekudleni kwe-carb ephansi, amakhilogremu angeziwe azoqala ukuzinyamalala.

Ukuxhumana kokukhulelwa

Uhlobo 1 sikashukela i-mellitus, yize kungeyona into ephula umthetho ekukhulelweni, kepha kuvame ukuhambisana nezinye izifo lapho kunganconywa ukuthi ukhulelwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• i-ischemia;
• ukwehluleka kwezinso;
• i-gastroenteropathy;
• Ukungasebenziseki kwe-Rh factor.

Ngaphambi kokuhlela ukuba ngumama onesifo sikashukela, kuyadingeka ukuthi ahlolwe kuqala ukuze akhombe ezinye izifo ezingathinta kabi inkambo yokukhulelwa

Lapho kunezifo ezinjengalezi, owesifazane obelethayo angaba nezinkinga ezinkulu. Okokuqala, ukwehluleka kwezinso noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Futhi okwesibili, uma izinto zeRh zingahambisani ngaphansi kwethonya le-T1DM, kungaphuphuma isisu noma ukuvulwa kwabasebenzi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukukhulelwa

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, awukwazi ukukwenza ngaphandle kwemijovo ye-insulin. Azikhanseliwa noma ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, ngoba lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni edabukisayo.

Ukuze ukukhulelwa kuqhubeke ngokujwayelekile nengane izalwe inempilo, kubalulekile ukulungisa kahle umthamo we-insulin kuma-trimesters ahlukile. Kwi-trimester yokuqala, ngaphansi kwethonya lesizinda esishintshiwe se-hormonal, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin kuyanda, ngakho-ke umthamo kufanele wehliswe. Kepha ngokwehla komthamo we-insulin, kuyadingeka ukulawula ukugcwala kweglucose egazini ukuvimbela ukuvela kwe-hyperglycemia.

Kusukela ngeviki le-16 lokukhulelwa, i-placenta iqala ukukhiqiza ngamandla i-prolactin ne-glycogen, esebenza ngokungafani ne-insulin. Ngakho-ke, ngalesi sikhathi, ngokungafani nalokho, kuyadingeka ukwandisa umthamo womjovo. Kepha futhi, lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ngoba umthamo owengeziwe we-insulin ungaholela ekwakhiweni kwe-hypoglycemia. Emavikini ambalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa, i-placenta inciphisa ukusebenza kwayo, ngakho-ke umthamo we-insulin uphinde uncishiswe.

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi isifo sikashukela yisifo esibi esidinga ukubhekwa njalo. Uma owesifazane efuna ukuba ngumama ojabulayo wengane ephilile, kudingeka alungiselele ngokucophelela ukukhulelwa, alandele ngokuqinile zonke izincomo zikadokotela.