UMFUTHO WEGAZI OPHAKEME: WENZANI NGOMFUTHO WEGAZI OPHAKEME KANYE NOMFUTHO WEGAZI OPHAKEME

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I-Arterial hypertension yisifo esibonakaliswa ngokwanda okuqhubekayo kwengcindezi yegazi ephakeme kune-140/90 mm Hg. Ubuciko. Igama laso lesibili yi-hypertension.

Ngalesi sifo, ingcindezi yanda cishe njalo, futhi izinza kuphela ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi njalo. Iziqephu ezizodwa zengcindezi ekhuphukayo zibizwa ngokuthi yi-hypertension.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Arterial Hypertension

Ngokuya ngezizathu ezibangele ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme nolwesibili uyahlukaniswa.

Okuyinhloko, noma okubalulekile, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kwenzeka ngaphandle kwezifo ezihlobene emzimbeni. Okusho ukuthi, empeleni, i-etiology (imvelaphi yayo) ayikhonjwa. Noma kunjalo, kunezici ezimbalwa zobungozi ezingathi, ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane, ezingathinta izinga lokucindezela, esizokhuluma ngalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi;

Okwesibili, noma okubonakalayo, i-arterial hypertension kuwukubonisa kwesifo okuveza ukwanda kwengcindezi. Lokhu kungaba yi-renoparenchymal hypertension, lapho i-parenchyma yezinso ihlupheka ngokuqondile (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, hydronephrosis). Kukhona i-renovascular hypertension, lapho kukhona i-pathology yemithambo ye-renal (ukuncipha kwabo, ukulimala kwe-atherosclerosis yabo). I-Hypertension yemvelaphi ye-neuroendocrine ibuye ihlukaniswe. Kulokhu, ukungalingani kwama-hormone kwenzeka.

I-hormone ebizwa nge-vasopressin (i-antidiuretic hormone) ingakhuphuka, njengomphumela lapho uketshezi emzimbeni luyohlala khona futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ingcindezi izokwanda.

Amazinga e-aldosterone, i-adrenal hormone, nawo angakhuphuka, athuthukisa ukumuncwa kwe-sodium kanye noketshezi futhi asuse i-potassium. I-Sodium inamandla okugcina uketshezi emzimbeni, futhi ngenxa yalokho ingcindezi nayo izokhuphuka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkinga nge-yegilo yegilo kungenzeka: ngokwanda kwezinga lama-hormone egilo, ukucindezela kuzokwanda. I-hypertension eyingozi kakhulu ibhekwa njengeyodwa ehlotshaniswa ne-pathology yezinso kanye ne-adrenal glands, ikakhulukazi esiswini esikhiqiza ama-hormone we-adrenal gland pheochromocytoma. Imfihlo i-adrenaline ne-norepinephrine - lawa ama-hormone okuxineka athinta kakhulu amazinga omfutho wegazi.

Ngokuya ngezinombolo zokucindezela, ama-degree amathathu wokukhuphuka kwengcindezi ahlukaniswa:

Owokuqala - kuleli banga, ingcindezi ye-systolic isukela ku-140 kuye ku-159 mm Hg. Ubuciko., Kanye ne-diastolic - ukusuka ku-90 kuye kuma-99 mm RT. Ubuciko. Lokhu kuyindawo yomfutho wegazi ophansi. Kuze kube kuleli zinga, okubizwa ngokuthi yi -lineline hypertension kuyahlukaniswa, lapho ingcindezi inyuka isuka ku-140/90 iye ku-159/94 mm Hg. Ubuciko.
Eyesibili - amanani wokucindezela we-systolic aqala ku-160 kuye ku-179 mm Hg. Ubuciko., Kanye ne-diastolic - ukusuka ku-90 kuye kuma-94 mm RT. Ubuciko. Lokhu umfutho wegazi ophansi.
Eyesithathu iziqu ezinzima. Ngalo, ingcindezi ingakhuphuka ngenhla kwezinombolo ze-180/10 mm RT. Ubuciko.

I-Isolated systolic hypertension, lapho ingcindezi yama-systolic ikhuphuka ngaphezu kwe-140 mm Hg, ihlukaniswe eqenjini elihlukile. Ubuciko., Ne-diastolic ayidluli i-90 mm RT. Ubuciko.

Okokugcina, ukwahlukaniswa kwesithathu kususelwa ekunqotshweni kwezitho okuhlosiwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi inhliziyo, i-retina, izinso, ubuchopho namaphaphu. Kunezigaba ezintathu.

Esokuqala - kulesi sigaba, izitho ezihlosiwe azilimalanga nganoma iyiphi indlela.

Esesibili - esigabeni sesibili, kungenzeka ukuthola ukulimaza okuqondise izitho zangasese ngosizo lwezindlela zokucwaninga zaselebhu kanye nezinsimbi (igazi, ukuhlolwa komchamo, ukuhlolwa kwe-fundus, i-computer tomography yobuchopho, i-echocardiography).

Okwesithathu, ukulimala kwezitho okuqondwe kuzo kubonakala ngamehlo enyama.

Umphumela wesigaba sesithathu se-hypertension kungaba yi-myocardial infarction, hemorrhage ye-retinal, stroke, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, umsebenzi wokulimala wezinso, ukukhipha i-aortic aneurysm.

Izimbangela zesifo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kwe-hypertension ebalulekile, kunezici ezimbalwa zobungozi. Ezinye zazo azikwazi ukuvinjelwa. Kunezici ezimbalwa zezingozi eziyinhloko ekwakheni i-pathology.

Ubudala - ukukhula iminyaka, kuphakama nengozi yokucindezelwa. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukucindezela kwe-diastolic kungakhuphukela eminyakeni engama-55, bese kuhlala ezingeni eliphakeme impela. ISystolic yanda njalo. Abantu abadala cishe bonke bahlushwa ingcindezi.

Ubulili - lesi sifo sivame ukubonwa emadodeni kunabesifazane, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi sibambe yonke imizwa yabo ngaphakathi, ngenxa yalokhu, ingcindezi ingagxuma kakhulu.

Isisulu sokuqothuka - ngeshwa, ukuthambekela komfutho wegazi ophakeme kuthathwa njengefa futhi kushiwo ikakhulukazi ezihlotsheni eziseduze.

Khuluphele - abantu abanamaphawundi angeziwe bathambekele ekunyuseni kwengcindezi kunalabo abalandela isibalo sabo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamanani amakhulu kasawoti wetafula - usawoti kungumkhiqizo odonsa amanzi futhi uwugcine emzimbeni. Inani eliphelele lamanzi likhuphuka, ngokulandelana, futhi nezinga lokucindezela emikhunjini liyakhuphuka.

Ukudla kuqukethe inani elikhulu le-sodium ne-calcium - i-sodium ne-calcium nakho kugcina amanzi futhi kuvuse ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingcindezi iyakhula.

Umlutha wekhofi netiye elimnyama - njengoba wazi, baphuza ikhofi ukuze bajabule. Ngokuhambisana nalokho, kwandisa umfutho wegazi futhi kuvuselela umsebenzi wethambo.

Ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala - ukuphuza ngokweqile kuyingozi ikakhulukazi, ngoba kunomthelela onobuthi kuzo zonke izinhlaka zezitho, ikakhulukazi isibindi, okubangela i-hepatitis enobuthi.

I-atherossteosis yisifo lapho kufakwa khona i-atherosulinotic odongeni lwangaphakathi lwemithambo yegazi. Kwenzeka ngenxa ye-cholesterol eyeqile emzimbeni. Ngenxa ye-atherossteosis, i-lumen yemikhumbi iyaqhubeka kancane, okubangela ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi.

Ukubhema - i-nicotine ubuthi, futhi emizuzwini yokuqala ngemuva kokubhema ugwayi, ingcindezi ikhuphuka ngo-15 mmHg. I-Art., Kanti okwesine - ku-25. Futhi, ababhemayo bangaba kaningi abahlushwa yisifo senhliziyo kunabantu abangabhemi.

Isici sengcindezi abantu abathandeki ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi labo abasetshenziselwa ukunqanda imizwa yabo futhi bangakhombisi, bathambekele kakhulu emfuthweni wegazi ophakeme. Izingcindezi emsebenzini, emndenini, empilweni yomuntu siqu ezihlobene nendaba yesimo sezezimali.

Indlela yokuphila yokwehlisa ukuthula - kuthinta kakhulu ukuthambekela komfutho wegazi ophezulu.

Ngendlela, ukuzivocavoca kwe-aerobic kubhekwa njengokusebenza kakhulu ekwelashweni okuqhubekayo kwegazi lomfutho wegazi.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zomfutho wegazi ophakeme

Labo bantu abangakaze babe nengcindezi yokuvuka ngaphambili bangaqala babone ukubonakaliswa komfutho wegazi ophakeme. Bithi ukukhathala, ukulala, nokuningi. Lesi ikakhulukazi isimilo se-hypotension.

Iziguli ezingena-Hypertensive ezinolwazi zihlala zizizwa lapho zizizwa zimbi ngokwemibandela yengcindezelo. Izimpawu ezinjalo zesimo esandayo zingahlanganisa ukukhanda ikhanda, umuzwa we-tinnitus, ukubukeka "kwezimpukane" phambi kwamehlo, nomuzwa wokushisa ebusweni nasekhanda.

Futhi, izimpawu zokukhula ngenxa yengcindezi eyandayo zingavezwa buthakathaka ngokubanzi, ubomvu bobuso kanye nokuvela kokucanuzelelwa kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza okungenzeka.

Ngokukhula komfutho wegazi esigulini, ukuvela kwezibonakaliso zokuphazamiseka emzimbeni njengokuthi:

ukubonakala kokushiswa okukhulu;
ukuvela komqondo wokuphazamiseka emsebenzini wenhliziyo;
Ubuhlungu enhliziyweni;
ukukhathala okukhulu, "ukukhathala";
ama-palpitations;
izandla nezinyawo ezipholile, futhi mhlawumbe kungukwephula ukuzwela kwabo.

Vele, kungenzeka futhi ukuthi abantu abadala bangazizwa lapho umfutho wegazi labo ukhuphuka.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ezinye zezimpawu ezisohlwini zibhekwe ngokwanda kwengcindezi ye-intracranial kuphela.

Ungayinikeza kanjani usizo lokuqala?

Kufanele kuthathwe njengomthetho wokuthi uma umuntu engazi ukuthi angazisiza kanjani isiguli ngomuthi ocindezelwe kakhulu, kungcono ukubiza i-ambulensi. Bayazi kangcono indlela yokudambisa ingcindezi ngokuphephile. Kodwa-ke, ungasiza ngezinye izindlela.

Isiguli kufanele sibekwe phansi, siqinisekiswe, sithukulwe izinkinobho ezingenhla zezingubo (uma zikhona) ukuze kube lula ukuphefumula. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukungena komoya okwanele kwekamelo, ikakhulukazi uma kunamanzi lapho. Ngaphansi kwekhanda lakho kufanele kube ngumcamelo ophakeme.

Ekhaya, ungenza okugeza okushisayo konyawo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uthele amanzi ashisayo esitsheni esivamile futhi ucwilise lapho imilenze cishe ifinyelela ezingeni lama-ankle. Ukugeza akufanele kwenziwe kungabi ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyishumi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kancane kancane igazi ligobhozela ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zomzimba bese liphuma ekhanda. Cishe imizuzu embalwa, ikhanda lizoqala ukulimala kancane.

Ungase futhi ubeke u-plasters wesinaphi ngemuva kwekhanda nemisipha yamathole emikhawulweni ephansi. Isinaphi kumele sithanyiswe emanzini afudumele bese sisetshenziselwa imizuzu eyi-15.

Izingcindezi nge-apple cider uviniga osetshenziswa ezinyaweni zisiza kahle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha iziswidi ezimanzi bese uzixwilisa kwikhambi le-apple cider uviniga.

Ukuzivocavoca okusebenzayo kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele uhlale emuva emuva kancane bese ukhipha i-inhale futhi ukhiphe izikhathi ezi-3-4. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuphefumula kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngekhala, kanye nokuphefumula ngomlomo. Phinda futhi izikhathi eziyi-3-4. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuphonsa ikhanda emuva, kancane kancane ukhale nekhala lakho ngomlomo. Ngesikhathi sokuphefumula, ikhanda kufanele ligxishwe phambili. Zonke lezi zivivinyo ziphindwa izikhathi ezi-3-4. Umthetho oyinhloko uwenze kancane futhi ngokugcwele.

Ukuze uthole induduzo engokomzwelo, kunconywa ukuthi uphefumule kakhulu esiswini sakho. Ekuphakameni kokuphefumlelwa, ungabamba umoya wakho imizuzwana embalwa. Ukunyakaza okunjalo kokuphefumula kancane kwehlisa umoya futhi kusize ekugwemeni ubunzima obukhulu.

Kaningi, ukugeza ngesandla ngamafutha kalamula noma ngosizo lwejusi. Amanzi kufanele afudumele, acishe ashise. Ngenxa yokushisa kwayo, izonciphisa umkhumbi wemikhumbi yangaphandle. Ungavele ugeze okufudumele. Ngemuva kwemizuzu ecishe ibe ngu-15-20, ingcindezi izoqala ukwehla.

Ungazihlikihla izandla nezinyawo zakho, okuzokhuthaza ukuhamba kwegazi kubo.

Indlela yokugomela isiza kakhulu. Kusho ukuvezwa kwamaphoyinti athile asiza ukunciphisa ingcindezi. Leli phuzu yiphuzu elingenhla kwe-earlobe. Kukhona ikhefu ngaphansi kwe-lobe. Kusukela kuleli phuzu, udinga ukudweba umugqa ngomunwe wakho ukuya phakathi kwe-clavicle, ucindezela kancane esikhunjeni. Udinga ukuphinda izikhathi ezingama-8-10. Futhi ezingeni elifanayo ne-lobe, isentimitha eyodwa itholakala isentimitha eyodwa ohlangothini lwekhala.

Kufanele ihlushwe ngokucophelela umzuzu.

Usizo lwezokwelapha nokuvimbela

Imithi kufanele inikezwe udokotela kuphela.

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-hypertension ye-arterial yinde futhi ihlala njalo. Isiguli kuzodingeka ukuthi siphuze amaphilisi nsuku zonke, kuphela kulesi simo ingcindezi izohlala ingaphansi kwemingcele ejwayelekile. Amaqembu amahlanu aphambili emithi asetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo segazi.

I-Angiotensin eguqula i-enzyme (i-ACE inhibitors) inhibitors - i-Enalapril, Lisinopril, Captopril. Ama-Beta-blockers - i-Propranolol, iBisoprolol, iCarvedilol, iMetoprolol (Anaprilin). I-Angiotensin-2 receptor blockers - iLosartan, iValsartan. Ama-blocker wesiteshi se-calcium - i-Amlodipine, i-Felodipine, iVerapamil. I-Diuretics (diuretics) - IFurosemide, i-Indopamide, iHypothiazide, iTorasemide.

Izindlela zokuvimbela umfutho wegazi ophakeme yilezi zimiso ezilandelayo: