Umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile wabelwa ngokwemibandela, ngoba kuncike kwinani elikhulu lezinto ezahlukahlukene ezinqunyelwe ngamunye ngamunye. Kuyamukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi okujwayelekile kungama-120 ngu-80 mmHg.
Ngokuya ngesimo somuntu ejwayelekile, ushintsho kumfutho wegazi luyabonakala. Imvamisa ikhula ngemisebenzi yomzimba futhi inciphe ngesikhathi sokuphumula. Odokotela baphawula ushintsho kokujwayelekile nobudala, ngoba umfutho wegazi omuhle kumuntu omdala ngeke ulingane nengane.
Amandla igazi elihamba ngalo emithanjeni ngokuqondile kuncike emsebenzini wenhliziyo. Lokhu kuholela esilinganisweni sokucindezela kusetshenziswa amanani amabili:
- Inani le-diastolic libonisa izinga lokumelana okukhiqizwe yimithambo lapho kuphendula ukuthuthumela kwegazi ngokuqanjwa okukhulu kwemisipha yenhliziyo;
- Amanani weSystolic akhombisa ubuncane bezinga lokumelana kwemithambo ye-peripheral ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwemisipha yenhliziyo.
Ukucindezela kwegazi kuncike ezicini eziningi. Inkomba ithonywa ukusebenza komzimba kanye nemidlalo ikhuphula izinga layo. Kukhona ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi ebusuku naphakathi kokuxineka. Futhi, ezinye izidakamizwa, iziphuzo ezi-caffeine ziyakwazi ukukhipha i-jumping ngegazi.
Kunezinhlobo ezine zokucindezela kwegazi.
Esokuqala - ingcindezi ephakama eminyangweni yenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuncishiswa kwayo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-intracardiac. Umnyango ngamunye wenhliziyo unezinkambiso zawo, ezingase zihlukahluka ngokuya ngomjikelezo wenhliziyo nangezimpawu zomzimba zomuntu ngamunye.
Okwesibili ukucindezela kwegazi kwe-atrium kwesokudla okubizwa ngokuthi yi-central venous (CVP). Kuhlobene ngqo nenani lokubuyela kwegazi kwe-venous enhliziyweni. Izinguquko ku-CVP zingakhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezithile nama-pathologies.
Okwesithathu, izinga lokucindezela kwegazi kuma-capillary libizwa ngokuthi yi-capillary. Inani laso lincike ekugobeni komphezulu nokungezwani kwawo.
Okwesine - umfutho wegazi, okuyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu. Lapho ehlonza ushintsho kuwo, uchwepheshe angaqonda ukuthi uhlelo lokujikeleza kwemisebenzi yomzimba lusebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi ngabe kukhona ukuphambuka. Isikhombi sikhombisa inani legazi elimpompela inhliziyo yunithi yesikhathi esithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mkhakha womzimba ubonakalisa ukumelana kombhede wemithambo.
Njengoba izicubu zenhliziyo ziluhlobo lwepompo futhi zingamandla okushayela ngenxa yokuthi igazi lijikeleza esiteshini, amanani aphakeme kakhulu abonwa ekuphumeni kwegazi kusuka enhliziyweni, okungukuthi kusuka kumandla alo angakwesobunxele. Lapho igazi lingena emithanjeni, izinga lokucindezela kwalo liba eliphansi, kuma-capillaries lincipha ngisho nangokwengeziwe, bese liba lincane emithanjeni, futhi nasendaweni yokungena enhliziyweni, okungukuthi, kuyi-atrium efanele.
Izimo zokucindezela kumuntu ngeminyaka zibonakaliswa kumatafula ahlukahlukene.
Ngesikhathi sobuntwana, inani lokucindezela kwegazi elijwayelekile liyashintsha njengoba ingane ikhula. Ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa nezinsana, izinga lokujwayelekile liphansi kakhulu kunezingane zasenkulisa kanye nobudala besikole. Lolu shintsho lubangelwa ukuthi ingane ikhula ngentshiseko futhi ikhula. Izitho zayo nezinhlelo zazo kuyanda ngevolumu. Inani legazi ezitsheni nalo liyakhuphuka, ithoni yabo iyakhuphuka.
| Iminyaka | Inani eliphansi | Izinga eliphakeme |
| Izinsuku eziyi-0-14 | 60/40 | 96/50 |
| Izinsuku eziyi-14- 28 | 80/40 | 112/74 |
| Izinyanga ezi-2-12 | 90/50 | 112/74 |
| Izinyanga eziyi-13- 36 | 100/60 | 112/74 |
| Iminyaka engama-3-5 | 100/60 | 116/76 |
| Iminyaka engu-6-9 | 100/60 | 122/78 |
Uma izinkomba ezitholwe ngenxa yokulinganisa umfutho wegazi enganeni ziphansi kunalezo eziboniswe etafuleni, lokhu kungakhombisa ukuthi uhlelo lwenhliziyo yakhe luthula kancane kunokuba kunesidingo.
Ezinganeni ezineminyaka yobudala engama-6-9, amazinga omfutho wegazi awafani kakhulu nesikhathi sobudala esedlule. Iningi lezingane liyavuma ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi, izingane zingathola ukwanda, okuhlotshaniswa nokukhula kwengcindezi ngokomzimba nangokomqondo okuhambisana nesikhathi sokwamukelwa esikoleni.
Ezimweni lapho ingane izizwa kahle, ayinazo izimpawu ezimbi zokushintshwa kwengcindezi yegazi, asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka.
Kepha uma ingane ikhathele ngokweqile, ikhononda ngokulimala kwekhanda, ushintsho ekushayweni kwenhliziyo, iso, okubabayo futhi ngaphandle kwemizwa, khona-ke lesi yisikhathi sokubonana nodokotela futhi uhlole zonke izinkomba zomzimba.
Esikhathini sobusha, izindlela zokucindezela kwegazi cishe azifani nokujwayelekile kubantu abadala.
Umzimba ukhula ngokushesha, isizinda se-hormonal siyashintsha, okuvame ukudala ukuthi osemusha ezwe izinhlungu emehlweni, isiyezi, isicanucanu, kanye ne-arrhythmia.
| Iminyaka | Inani eliphansi | Izinga eliphakeme |
| Iminyaka engu-10-12 ubudala | 110/70 | 126/82 |
| Iminyaka engu-13-16 ubudala | 110/70 | 136/86 |
| Iminyaka eyi-15-17 | 110/70 | 130/90 |
Uma, ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, ingane inomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ophansi, udokotela kufanele anikeze ukuhlolwa okuphelele nokunemininingwane kwenhliziyo ne-gland yegilo.
Kulezo zimo lapho i-pathologies ingatholakali khona, akukho ukwelashwa okudingekayo, ngoba umfutho wegazi ujwayelekile nobudala bube bodwa.
| Iminyaka | Imvamisa emadodeni | Imvelo yabesifazane |
| Iminyaka engu-18-16 ubudala | 126/79 | 120/75 |
| Iminyaka engama-30- 39 ubudala | 129/81 | 127/80 |
| Iminyaka engama-40-49 ubudala | 135/83 | 137/84 |
| Iminyaka engama-50-59 ubudala | 142/85 | 144/85 |
| Iminyaka engama-60-69 ubudala | 145/82 | 159/85 |
| Iminyaka engama-70-79 ubudala | 147/82 | 157/83 |
Izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala emzimbeni ziholela ekwandeni kancane kancane kwengcindezi ye-systolic. Ukwanda kwengcindezi ye-diastolic kuwuphawu kwengxenye yokuqala yokuphila, futhi njengoba iminyaka iyehla. Le nqubo ihambisana neqiniso lokuthi imithambo yegazi ilahlekelwa amandla nokuqina.
Kunezigaba eziningana zale nkomba:
- Umfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu, noma i-hypotension ebizwayo. Kulokhu, umfutho wegazi ungaphansi kuka-50/35 mm Hg;
- Kwehliswe kakhulu umfutho wegazi, noma i-hypotension enzima. Inkomba ilingana no-50 / 35-69 / 39 mm;
- Umfutho wegazi ophansi, noma i-hypotension elinganiselayo, ebonakala ngezinombolo ukusuka ku-70/40 kuya ku-89/58 mm;
- Umfutho wegazi omncane kancane - 90 / 60-99 / 64 mm;
- Ukucindezela okujwayelekile - 100 / 65-120 / 80 mm Hg;
- Ukwanda okuncane komfutho wegazi. Izinkomba kuleli cala kusuka ku-121/70 kuya ku-129/8 mm;
- I-prehypertension - ukusuka ku-130/85 kuya ku-139/8 mm;
- Umfutho wegazi ongu-1 degree. Isikhombisi sokucindezela 140/80 - 159/99 mm;
- I-Hypertension ye-2nd degree, lapho izinkomba zisukela ku-160/1100 kuya ku-179/109 mm;
- Umfutho wegazi we-3 degrees - 180 / 110-210 / 120 mm. Kulesi simo, kungaba nenkinga ye-hypertensive, okuthi uma kungekho khona ukwelashwa okudingekayo kuvame ukuholela ekufeni;
- Umfutho wegazi we-4 degrees, lapho umfutho wegazi ukhuphuka ngaphezu kwe-210/120 mm Hg Ukushaywa unhlangothi okungenzeka.
Baningi abantu abane-hypotensive, abathi empilweni yonke yonke bangabaninomfutho wegazi ophansi kuyilapho kungazibangeli usizi. Lesi simo sivamile, ngokwesibonelo, sabasubathi bangaphambili abanemisipha yenhliziyo ethambile ngokweqile ngenxa yokuzivocavoca njalo komzimba. Lokhu kuphinda kufakazela iqiniso lokuthi umuntu ngamunye unezinkomba zakhe zomfutho wegazi ojwayelekile, lapho ezizwa emkhulu futhi ephila impilo ephelele.
Izimpawu zokukhanda kwe-hypotension; ukuphefumula kaningi nokufiphala emehlweni; isimo sobuthakathaka kanye nokubabaza; ukukhathala nempilo engeyinhle; i-photosensitivity, ukungakhululeki kusuka kwimisindo enkulu; umuzwa wokubanda nokubanda emilenzeni.
Izizathu eziphambili ezingadala ukwehla kwengcindezi yegazi zihlanganisa izimo ezicindezelayo; izimo zezulu (ukuqina noma ukushisa okushintshashintshayo); ukukhathala ngenxa yemithwalo ephezulu; ukuntuleka kokulala okungapheli; ukusabela komzimba.
Abanye besifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nabo bathola ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi yegazi.
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme we-diastolic ukhombisa ukuba khona kwezifo zezinso, i-thyroid gland noma i-adrenal gland.
Ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi kungabangelwa yizizathu ezinjengokuthi: ukukhuluphala ngokweqile; ukucindezela isifo sokuqina kwemizwa kanye nezinye izifo.
Futhi, ukubhema neminye imikhuba emibi kuyakwazi ukukhuthaza ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi; isifo sikashukela mellitus; ukudla okungalinganiseli; indlela yokuphila enganyakazi; Izinguquko zesimo sezulu.
Ngaphezu komfutho wegazi ophezulu nangaphansi, esinye sezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezicubu zenhliziyo ukushaya komuntu.
Umehluko phakathi kwengcindezi ye-systolic ne-diastolic ibizwa ngokuthi ukucindezela kwe-pulse, inani lakhona ngokuvamile alidluli i-40 mm Hg.
Inkomba yokucindezela kwenhliziyo ivumela udokotela ukuthi anqume:
- Izinga lokuwohloka kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi;
- Izinga lokuqina kwemithambo yegazi kanye nenkomba yokuqina kombhede we-vascular;
- Isimo esijwayelekile semisipha yenhliziyo nama-valve we-aortic;
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezenzeka njenge-stenosis, i-sclerosis, nezinye.
Inani lokucindezelwa kwe-ishayela libuye lishintshe ngobudala futhi kuya ngezinga elijwayelekile lempilo yabantu, isimo sezulu nesimo sokusebenza kwengqondo.
Ukucindezela kwe-pulse ephansi (ngaphansi kwama-30 mm Hg), okubonakaliswa umuzwa wokuba buthakathaka kakhulu, ukozela, isiyezi kanye nokulahlekelwa ukwazi okungenzeka, kungakhombisa ukukhula kwezifo ezilandelayo:
- I-dystonia yemifino;
- I-aortic stenosis;
- Ukushaqeka kwe-Hypovolemic;
- Isifo sikashukela sikashukela;
- Isifo senhliziyo;
- Ukuvuvukala kwe-myocardial;
- Isifo sezinso se-Coronary.
Lapho sibona ingcindezi ephansi yokushayeka, singasho ukuthi inhliziyo ayisebenzi kahle, okungukuthi, ithela amandla “amaphampu” egazi, okuholela ekubulaleni indlala okomoya wezipele zethu nezicubu.
Ingcindezi yokushayeka okuphezulu, kanye naphansi, kungahle kube ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwe-pathologies yesistimu yenhliziyo.
Ingcindezi yokukhuphuka kwenhliziyo (ngaphezu kwe-60 mm Hg) ibonwa nge-pathologies ye-aortic valve; ukushoda kwensimbi; ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo yokuzalwa; i-thyrotooticosis; ukwehluleka kwezinso. Futhi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungaba umphumela wesifo se-coronary; ukuvuvukala endocardial; isifo sokuqina kwemizwa; umfutho wegazi ophakeme izimo febrile.
Ukunyuka kwengcindezi yokushaya kwenhliziyo kungabangelwa yingcindezi ephezulu ye-intracranial.
Emazingeni okuqala we-hypertension, odokotela batusa indlela yokuphila enempilo, yidla kahle, zivivinya umzimba njalo.
Kulokhu, kungenzeka ukulungisa lesi simo futhi wenze izinkomba zilingane ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amaphilisi kanye namaphonsa.
Kunconywa ukuba uyeke imikhuba emibi, ukusetshenziswa kwekhofi namafutha ezilwane. Izindlela nezindlela eziningi ezithandwayo zingasiza ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi:
- Ama-rose okhalweni ne-hawthorn yizinto ezinhle kakhulu zenhliziyo ezifaka umthelela ekuthuthukisweni okuphelele kokugeleza kwegazi futhi kusize emsebenzini wemisipha yenhliziyo. Izithelo nezinhlayiyana zazo ezichotshoziwe zingathengwa ekhemisi noma zikhule ngokuzimela ezweni;
- Imbewu yeValerian nefilakisi iyizindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokujwayeza umsebenzi wenhliziyo, ihambisane nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Banomphumela wokuyenga.
Ukwandisa umfutho wegazi, kunconywa ukuthi udle izinhlobo ezinamafutha enhlanzi nenyama; uhlobo lukashizi olunzima; itiye elimnyama, ikofi, ushokoledi; imikhiqizo yobisi (okunamafutha).
Ngakho-ke, ukuze ungahlangabezani nezinkinga, udinga ukulawula umfutho wegazi futhi uligcine ngaphakathi kwezindlela ezimisiwe.
Mayelana nokujwayelekile kwengcindezi yegazi kuchazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
