Namuhla, isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin siyanda kakhulu ezinganeni zasenkulisa. Ikhula ngokumelene nesizinda sezinqubo ze-autoimmune kuma-pancreas, lapho ama-β-cell ayo engakhiqizi i-insulin.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kukhona ukungasebenzi kahle kumetabolism, futhi ushukela wegazi uvuswa njalo, okuholela ekuphazamisweni kwezitho eziningi eziningi nezinhlelo. Njengomthetho, i-endocrine pathologies eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala iba nokuqalwa kofuzo lapho isifo sikashukela sasisesinye sezihlobo zengane. Kepha futhi lesi sifo singabonakala ngokuqhamuka ngemuva kokukhuluphala, ukuphazamiseka komzimba nokucindezela okukhulu.
Kepha imuphi ushukela wegazi ezinganeni ezineminyaka emi-5 ubudala? Futhi yini okufanele uyenze uma kuvela ukuthi inkomba iphezulu kakhulu?
Imvelo ejwayelekile egazini lengane kanye nezizathu zokuguquguquka kwayo
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ubudala bunokubaluleka okuthile ekunqumeni ukugcwala koshukela. Ngakho-ke, ebuntwaneni liphansi kakhulu kunelomuntu omdala. Isibonelo, ingane enonyaka owodwa ingaba nezinkomba ze-2.78-4.4 mmol / l futhi ziphansi kakhulu kunasezingane ezindala. Kepha lapho sesineminyaka emihlanu, okuqukethwe ushukela kusondela ezingeni lomuntu omdala, futhi kungu-3.3-5 mmol / l. Futhi kumuntu omdala, izinga elijwayelekile lifinyelela ku-5.5 mmol / L.
Kodwa-ke, kwenzeka ukuthi incazelo ayidluleli ngalé kwalokho, kodwa ingane inezimpawu ezibonakalayo zesifo sikashukela. Kulokhu, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okukhethekile lapho isiguli kufanele siphuze i-75 g yesisombululo sikashukela, kuthi ngemuva kwamahora angama-2-3 okuqukethwe ushukela kubuye kuhlolwe.
Uma izinkomba zingadluli ku-5.5 mmol / l, khona-ke akukho lutho olungakhathazeka ngalo. Kepha ngezinga le-6.1 mmol / L noma ngaphezulu, i-hyperglycemia iyakhula, futhi uma izinkomba zingaphansi kuka-2,5 mmol / L, khona-ke lokhu kukhombisa i-hypoglycemia. Ungakhuluma ngokuba khona kwesifo sikashukela lapho, ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwengcindezi, izinga likashukela liphakathi kwe-7.7 mmol / L.
Kodwa-ke, uma izinga likashukela wengane lishintsha, lokhu akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi isifo sikashukela. Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-hypoglycemia ingenzeka kwamanye amacala amaningi:
- isithuthwane
- ukucindezelwa okunamandla ngokomzimba noma ngokomoya;
- izifo ze-pituitary, yegilo noma i-adrenal glands;
- uhlobo lwe-visceral of obesity, lapho ukubekezelela kwe-glucose kunciphisa;
- izifo ezingapheli noma ze-oncological ze-pancreas;
Futhi, izinga likashukela lingandiswa uma imithetho yeminikelo yegazi ingalandelwanga. Isibonelo, lapho isiguli sidla ama-carbohydrate asheshayo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
I-Hyperglycemia ivela futhi ngezinhlungu ezinzima noma ngokushiswa okukhulu, lapho kudedelwa i-adrenaline egazini. Ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile kukhulisa ukugxila kwe-glucose.
Ukugwema ukungasebenzi kahle, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqashwe ngokuhlelekile ukufundwa koshukela ekhaya naselebhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele kubhekwe izimpawu zesifo sikashukela kanye nezinga lobungozi baso.
Izimbangela ze-hypoglycemia nazo zihlukahlukene kakhulu. Isimo esifanayo senzeka ngezinqubo zokuvuvukala zamapheshana emathunjini, izinkinga zesibindi, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-yegland yegland kanye nokwakheka kwesimila ku-pituitary gland.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga kashukela ayancipha uma kwenzeka kune-insulinoma, ukudla okungalinganiseli okulinganiselwe nenani elincane lokudla okwe-carbohydrate nokuhluleka kwezinso. Izifo ezingamahlalakhona nobuthi ezinobuthi nazo ziholela ku-hypoglycemia.
Ngokuvamile, isifo sikashukela sitholakala ezinganeni eziye zaba nesifo esithathelwanayo. Ngakho-ke, uma ukuhlushwa kweglucose kungu-10 mmol / l, abazali badinga ukubona udokotela ngokuphuthumayo.
Kuthi isifo sikashukela esifa, ama-pancreas, kufaka phakathi imishini yokusebenza ngaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, uma bobabili abazali benesifo sikashukela, kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sifo sitholakale enganeni singama-30%. Uma kungumzali oyedwa kuphela one-hyperglycemia, khona-ke ubungozi buyehliswa bube yi-10%.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi uma isifo sikashukela sitholwa kwelinye kuphela lamawele amabili, khona-ke ingane enempilo nayo iba sengozini.
Ngakho-ke, amathuba okuthi azothola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 yi-50%, kanti elesibili aze afike ku-90%, ikakhulukazi uma ingane ikhuluphele.
Imithetho yokulungiselela ucwaningo nezindlela zokuxilonga
Ukuze ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombise imiphumela efanele, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho ethile. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri kwenziwa esiswini esingenalutho, ngakho-ke ingane akufanele idle ukudla amahora angama-8 ngaphambi kwayo.
Kuvunyelwe ukuphuza amanzi ahlanzekile, kepha ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe. Futhi, ngaphambi kokusampula kwegazi, musa ukuxubha amazinyo akho noma ukuhlafuna izinsini.
Ukunquma ukugxilwa koshukela ekhaya, kusetshenziswa i-glucometer. Le yidivayisi ephathekayo ongasheshe uyiqonde kahle futhi kahle i-glycemia.
Imichilo yokuhlola kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziswa, kepha kufanele igcinwe kahle. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umphumela uyoba ngamanga.
Kunemithetho ethile yokusebenzisa imitha:
- Ngaphambi kokuhlola, izandla kufanele zigezwe ngensipho ngaphansi kwamanzi afudumele;
- umunwe ozothathwa kuwo igazi kumele wome;
- ungabhoboza yonke iminwe ngaphandle kwenkomba;
- ukunciphisa ukungaphatheki kahle, ukubhoboza kufanele kwenziwe ohlangothini;
- iconsi lokuqala legazi kufanele lisulwe ngokotini;
- umunwe awunakuncanywa ngokuqinile;
- ngesampula yegazi ejwayelekile, indawo yokubhoboza kumele iguqulwe njalo.
Ukwenza ukuxilongwa okunembile, kwenziwa uhla oluphelele lokuhlola, okubandakanya ukushesha kwegazi, ukunikeza umchamo, ukunquma izinga le-hemoglobin ye-glycated.
Ngeke kube yinto engelutho ukwenza isivivinyo somthwalo nge-glucose kanye nokutholwa kwezidumbu ze-ketone kuketshezi lwebhayoloji.
Ungayisiza kanjani ingane enoshukela?
Uma kwenzeka kwe-hyperglycemia, kunikezwa ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukuqapha inhlanzeko yesikhumba nolwelwesi lwama-mucous, okuzovimbela izinqubo zokuhlanza futhi unciphise ukuqina kokulunywa. Izindawo ezomile zesikhumba zidinga ukugcotshiswa ukhilimu okhethekile.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuqopha ingane esigabeni sezemidlalo, esizosiza ukuguqula izinqubo ze-metabolic. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, umqeqeshi kufanele axwayiswe ngalesi sifo ukuze umsebenzi womzimba ulinganise.
Ukwelashwa kokudla sikashukela kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela. Ukudla kwengane kufanele kulinganiswe nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwamafutha nama-carbohydrate. Ngakho-ke, kwabanesifo sikashukela, isilinganiso samafutha, amaprotheni nama-carbohydrate yi-0.75: 1: 3.5.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafutha emifino kufanele akhethwe, futhi ama-carbohydrate wokugaya kufanele ashiywe ngokuphelele. Ukugwema ukubhejela okungazelelwe kushukela kusuka kumenyu yezingane, kufanele ukhethe okulandelayo:
- imikhiqizo yokubhaka;
- I-pasta
- ushokoledi namanye amaswidi;
- amagilebhisi nobhanana;
- semolina.
Ukudla kufanele kudliwe ezingxenyeni ezincane kuze kube izikhathi eziyisithupha ngosuku.
Isifo sikashukela sidinga ukwelashwa impilo yonke, ngakho-ke abazali kudingeka balungiselele izingane zabo ngokwengqondo. Kunconywa ukubonana nodokotela wengqondo. Ungakhomba nengane esikoleni esikhethekile sabanesifo sikashukela, ukuvakasha okuyosiza isiguli ukuzivumelanisa nalesi sifo.
Imvamisa, i-hyperglycemia engapheli ebuntwaneni idinga ukwelashwa kwe-insulin. Kusetshenziswa kakhulu i-insulin esebenza ngokufushane. Umuthi ufakwa esiswini, emabhulokeni, ethangeni noma emahlombe, kubuye kushintshwe izingxenye zomzimba. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko ikhuluma ngobungozi besifo sikashukela enganeni.
