Namuhla, inganekwane yezingozi eziphelele ze-cholesterol iya ngokuya ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu ngaphandle kwemfundo yezokwelapha ekhethekile. Ngempela, kukhona iqiniso kulokhu: i-cholesterol ephezulu iyisifo esibucayi somzimba. Kepha futhi i-cholesterol iyingxenye ebalulekile yokugcina i-homeostasis yesinto eziphilayo.
Abantu abaningi, sebezwile ngobungozi obumangalisayo be-cholesterol, baphendukela ekuthekelweni okuphelele kokudla okunamafutha ekudleni. Imikhawulo enjalo iphazamisa impilo. Akuwona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi le nto iyabandakanyeka ekwakhekeni kwezingqimba zamaseli, ezinquma amandla nobulukhuni bazo, isekela ezokuhamba zangaphakathi kanye nezangaphandle, futhi ibuye ihlanganyele ekwakhekeni kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ngamahomoni.
Ukudla ngokweqile i-cholesterol ngokudla kungavusa ukwephulwa kwe-lipid metabolism, okuholela ekugcineni ekuthuthukisweni kwe-atherossteosis.
Ngokuqondene nezici ezinjalo ze-cholesterol, ukuqapha ejwayelekile kwezinga layo, ukuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokulungiswa kokuphambuka kusuka esivamile kuyadingeka.
Umsebenzi we-cholesterol emzimbeni
Ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, i-cholesterol ingotshwala be-hydrophobic. Ayinamanzi, futhi ngenxa ye-lipophilicity ingangena ngaphakathi kolwelwesi lweseli.
Iningi le-cholesterol likhiqizwa kahle emzimbeni, okuyingxenye encane - liza nokudla.
I-Lipid ihanjiswa egazini besebenzisa amaprotheni othwala. Bayakwazi ukubamba ama-molecule we-cholesterol bawahambise lapho beya khona. Ngokuya ngenani lama-molecule e-cholesterol, izakhiwo zamaprotheni-lipid zihlukaniswe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- ama-low density lipoproteins (LDL) nobuncane obuphansi kakhulu (VLDL) onomphumela we-atherogenic;
- ama-lipoprotein aphezulu kakhulu futhi aphezulu kakhulu (HDL, HDL), ngokuphambene, ayakwazi ukuhlanza igazi lama-chylomicrons ayingozi.
Lawa mafomu okuhamba anemingcele eqinile ye-serum. Ukungalingani kwenani labo kungadala i-systemic ezinzima ye-systemic.
Imisebenzi ebalulekile ye-cholesterol emzimbeni ifaka:
- Iqinisekisa ukwakheka kodonga lweseli ngokulungiswa okwengeziwe kokuqina kwayo.
- Ukubamba iqhaza ukumuncwa kwe-cholecalceferol.
- Ukubamba iqhaza kokuhlanganiswa kwama-hormone e-steroid wezindlala ze-adrenal nama-hormone ocansi (androgen, testosterone, estrogen). Ngokushoda kwe-cholesterol, kunezinkinga zempilo yokuzala kwabesifazane kanye ne-potency emadodeni.
- Ukubamba iqhaza kokuhlanganiswa kwe-bile.
- Ukubamba iqhaza kokuhlanganiswa kokuhlangana kwe-neural kanye ne-nerve synapses.
Ukuphambukiswa kwamazinga e-cholesterol ne-lipoprotein kuwuphawu lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwe-lipid metabolism. Ukwanda okuhlala isikhathi eside kwe-cholesterol kuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-atherosulinosis kuzo zonke izibonakaliso zayo zomtholampilo.
Imiphumela elimazayo ye-cholesterol emzimbeni
Ngokwezibalo zomhlaba, imbangela ehamba phambili yokufa yisifo senhliziyo. I-atherossteosis ithatha ingxenye enkulu phakathi kwawo wonke ama-pathologies enhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Ama-lipoprotein kanye nama-molecule we-cholesterol yamahhala ayakwazi ukufakwa odongeni lwe-endothelium futhi akhe ama-cholesterol plaques.
I-atherossteosis iba lapho ama-plaque akha odongeni lwe-vascular, okuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana aqale ukwanda futhi aqongelele usawoti we-calcium.
Kukhona i-stenosis yomkhumbi, ukulahleka kwe-elasticity, okuholela ekutheni izicubu zokungena kwegazi ezinganele ze-trophic.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-atherosulinosis: eziphakathi nendawo nezivikelwayo. Ngomuntu ophakathi nendawo, imithambo yegazi ejikelezayo yenhliziyo ibandakanyeka kwinqubo ye-pathological, futhi ngenqubo ye-peripheral, yonke imithambo yemithambo yegazi yomzimba.
Efomeni eliphakathi nendawo, kuvame ukwephulwa kokugeleza kwegazi oku-myocardial, futhi ngenxa yalokho kune-acute coronary syndrome.
Uma kwenzeka wephula ubuqotho be-atherosclerotic plaque, uhlelo lokuqinisa igazi lusetshenzisiwe. Kwethulwa umthelela wokuphendula okuthile okuholela ekwakhekeni kwejazi legazi. Lapho i-thrombus enkulu ifinyelelwa, i-thrombus ingaqhamuka futhi i-thromboembolism ingenzeka.
Njengoba udonga lomkhumbi lubunjiwe, akuyona into engjwayelekile ukuthi i-atherosulinosis iklebhule futhi ibe nezici zemithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi.
Izimpawu ze-fat metabolism
Umphumela we-cholesterol emzimbeni ubangelwa kuphela kokweqa ukugxilwa kwaso okufanele egazini. Ukwephulwa okufanayo kwenzeka ngokuwohloka komzimba. Kunezimo ezivame ukwenzeka lapho izinguquko ezinjalo zingahambisani nohlobo lokudla kwabantu.
Ushintsho olusezingeni elifanele le-cholesterol kungenxa yokwephulwa komzimba wamafutha. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zinombolo ze-cholesterol zibonisa i-atherossteosis. Kodwa kunezimo eziningi lapho izinga le-cholesterol likhuphuka nge-pathologies elandelayo:
- izifo zesibindi, isibonelo, i-hepatosis enamafutha, i-hepatitis yemisuka ehlukahlukene, i-hepatic carcinoma, njll;
- isifo sezinso, i-purine ne-urinary system metabolism: ukwehluleka kwezinso, i-amyloidosis yezinso, i-gout;
- izifo ze-pancreatic: i-pancreatitis, isimila, i-pancreatic necrosis;
- ama-systemic pathologies we-metabolism: isifo sikashukela;
- ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-thyroid;
- ukhuluphele kanye nokukhuluphala, ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwangaphakathi kwedepho lamafutha.
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-atherosulinosis zivela ngenxa yokuqina kwezimpawu zemithambo ye-arterial ekukhuleni kwezigcawu ze-atherosulinotic, kanye nokuphuma kwegazi okulimazayo ezithweni nasezithanjeni.
Izimpawu eziphambili zihlanganisa:
- Isifo senhliziyo. Ngokomtholampilo, isifo senhliziyo esi-coronary sivame ukubonakaliswa yi-angina pectoris. Lesi sifo siqala ngemuva kwesizinda semithambo yama-coronary eguquliwe ye-atherosulinotic. Izimpawu kubuhlungu obunzima besikhashana esifubeni ngemuva kwe-sternum ekuphenduleni kwengcindezi engokomzimba noma engokomzwelo. Ukuhlaselwa kususwa ngosizo lwe-nitroglycerin.
- IDyspnea futhi isibonakaliso sesifo senhliziyo se-ischemic.
- Ukwephulwa kwesigqi somsebenzi wenhliziyo.
- I-Cyanosis yezindawo ezisondelene nomzimba kanye ne-acrocyanosis.
- Ukuvuvukala.
- Ubuhlungu emilenzeni lapho uhamba, okubangelwa ukuqothula i-endarteritis.
- Ukwephulwa kwemisebenzi ye-enestic: ukunakwa, inkumbulo, ukukhuluma, njll. Ukusebenza kwe-CNS kuya ngokuya kukodwa ngomonakalo emithanjeni ehlukanisayo, i-hypoxia engapheli yobuchopho iba khona, amaseli ayafa. Ekugcineni, kuyehla komqondo wokuqina kwengqondo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwe-xanthomas ne-xanthelasma (ukunqwabelana kwezinqwaba zamaphaphu ngaphansi kwesikhumba) kuwuphawu lokuphazamiseka kwe-lipid metabolism.
Ukulungiswa kwezokwelapha kwe-cholesterol
Imakethe yamakhemikhali inikeza inqwaba yezidakamizwa ezithinta izinga lama-lipids egazi. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kunqunyelwe lapho ungekho khona umphumela wezindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa zokulungisa izidakamizwa.
Uma ungekho umphumela wokungalashwa kwezidakamizwa, amaqembu alandelayo wezidakamizwa anqunyelwe:
- Statins, inqubo yesenzo sayo ukucindezela ukuvela kwe-cholesterol kuma-hepatocytes ngokuvimbela ama-enzyme athile. Udinga ukuzithatha kanye ngosuku, kusihlwa. Impendulo ebalulekile yelebhu ibonwa ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa kusukela kuqale ukwelashwa. Inemiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene: isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu be-epigastric besikhathi esithile, i-myalgia. Amanani anciphisa cholesterol ngesigamu esingaphezu kwesigamu. Ukuphathwa isikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa ze-statin kudinga ukuqashwa kwama-enzyme wesibindi okungenani kanye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Abamele leli qembu yi-atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, njll.
- Izicucu. Leli qembu lezidakamizwa linendlela yokusebenza ehlukile ngokuphelele. Isibonakaliso sokusetshenziswa kwabo akuyona nje ukwanda kwe-cholesterol, kodwa futhi nokukhula kwe-triglycerides. Bayakwazi ukwandisa izinga lama-lipoprotein we-antiatherogenic ku-serum yegazi. Sebenzisa ngokuhlanganiswa neqembu lama-statin kuvinjelwe. Lapho zihlanganisiwe, zithinta ipheshana esiswini, okudala ukuphanza kakhulu, uhudo, izinhlungu. Ekusebenzeni kwasekhaya, i-clofibrate, fenofibrate ne-gemfibrozil isetshenziswa eqenjini le-fibrate.
- Izikhathi zokuhlukaniswa kwama-bile acid. Inzuzo yaleli qembu lezidakamizwa ukungabi bikho kokuqina kokujikeleza kwe-systemic. Lezi zinto ziyakwazi ukuhlangana ne-bile acid, futhi zibambe ama-cholesterol molecule. Esibindini, i-bile synthesis iyasebenza, lapho isetshenziselwa khona i-cholesterol ephezulu. Umphumela wokwelapha wenzeka ngemuva kwenyanga kusukela kuqale ukwelashwa. Ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izidakamizwa kungenzeka. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa umuthi isikhathi eside, ngenxa yokwephula kungenzeka kwe-lipid metabolism. Ummeleli owaziwayo waleli qembu lezinto yi-cholestyramine.
- I-cholesterol reuptake inhibitors. Le mishanguzo ayivumeli i-cholesterol ukuthi idonswe odongeni lwesibeletho.
Lezi zinyathelo zisetshenziswa ngokuqinile njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela ngenxa yemiphumela emibi engaba khona.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-atherosclerosis
Izindlela zokwelapha ezingejwayelekile ziyindlela efanelekile yokwelashwa okungeziwe kokwelashwa okuthuthukile noma okujwayelekile ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo.
Azithinti i-cholesterol ne-lipoprotein kuphela, kepha futhi nokumelana okuphelele komzimba nomsebenzi wokuphendula kokuzivikela komzimba.
Umphumela wazo wemvelo ubangelwa ukukhuthaza emzimbeni wamandla ayo ukulwa nokwephulwa kwe-homeostasis, kanye nomphumela oqondile kumamolekyuli we-lipids "ayingozi".
Umuthi wendabuko ekulweni ne-atherossteosis ufaka:
- ukulungiselela kwe-nicotinic acid, noma i-Vitamin PP, ukuthathwa njalo okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamazinga e-atherogenic lipids, TAG, kanye nezinga le-lipid antiatherogenic;
- ama-acid amaningi we-polyunsaturated Omega-3,6, athuthukisa isimo somzimba jikelele, i-cholesterol ephansi, enza ukuhamba kwegazi kube ngokwejwayelekile, aqinise i-endothelium; ukuphuza njalo kunciphisa ukufa kwesifo senhliziyo kuze kufike ku-40%;
- i-tocopherol, noma i-Vitamin E, iyi-antioxidant evimbela izinqubo ezi-oxidative emangqamuzaneni, futhi ibuye ivimbele ukwakheka kwezigcawu ze-atherosranceotic;
- itiye lemvelo eliluhlaza liqukethe ama-phytoncides amaningi asebenzayo, anganciphisa umsebenzi we-thrombosis, futhi futhi athinte kahle izinga lokucindezela kwe-systemic;
- ugarliki, ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezisebenzayo, ungathuthukisa izakhiwo zegazi futhi uvikele ukwakheka kwezigaba zegazi;
- i-soy ivimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwama-liphero atherogenic, futhi futhi ivuselele ukukhiqizwa kwe-bile acid, okuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cholesterol emzimbeni;
- Amavithamini we-B athuthukisa ukujikeleza kwe-cerebral kanye nokusebenza kwe-myocardial.
Ngezibalo eziphansi kakhulu ze-cholesterol ne-atherogenic lipoprotein, isiguli sinconywa ukuba senze ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila. Kubalulekile ukuqala ukudla kahle bese uqapha indlela odla ngayo. Umsebenzi oqondile womzimba oqondile kufanele futhi wethulwe.
Inani labo likhona ekunciphiseni okungokwemvelo koshukela namafutha amahhala ngenxa yesibalo esikhulu samandla e-myocardium.
Izici Ezithinta I-Cholesterol
Ngemuva kokuqonda ukuthi i-cholesterol ephezulu ithinta kanjani inhlala-kahle nempilo yempilo, abantu abaningi bazofuna ukuguqula indlela yabo yokuphila. Lesi sinyathelo sibaluleke kakhulu futhi sibaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni i-atherossteosis.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iningi labantu abaphethwe yi-atherossteosis kudala bahola indlela yokuphila engalungile. Ukuvimbela okuyinhloko kwezifo zesifo senhliziyo ukuguqulwa kwendlela okufike ngesikhathi.
Izici ezilandelayo zinomthelela omkhulu ekwakhekeni kwezilonda zamaseli e-atherosulinotic:
- impilo yokuhlala;
- ukukhuluphala kanye nokukhuluphala;
- ukubhema;
- inala ekudleni kokudla okuphezulu emafutheni egcwele kanye nama-carbohydrate ashesha ukugaya;
- isakhi sofuzo;
- izici zobudala;
- uhlobo 2 sikashukela;
- ukuzibandakanya kowesilisa.
Ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila kunikeza umphumela omkhulu enyangeni kusuka ekuqaleni kokudla okufanele kanye nemfundo yomzimba.
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kuthuthukisa inhlala kahle, ngokuvamile kuqinisa umzimba, kwandisa umsebenzi we-metabolic. Ukuqeqeshwa njalo kunciphisa isidingo se-oksijeni somoya, kuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwegazi okujwayelekile kusuka emisipha yenhliziyo. Indlela yokuphila enempilo iyisihluthulelo sempilo yesistimu yenhliziyo.
Ukuthi i-cholesterol iwuthinta kanjani umzimba wonke izokuchazwa yisazi sevidiyo kule ndatshana.
