I-atherossteosis nezifo zangaphakathi: ubudlelwane

I-atherossteosis kanye nezifo zangaphakathi ezihambisana nohlelo lwezinhliziyo zivame ukutholakala ngokushesha.

Le nto ichazwa iqiniso lokuthi ukwephulwa kwe-lipid ne-protein metabolism imvamisa kungumphumela noma imbangela yanoma yisiphi isifo senhliziyo.

Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa kokuqala kwe-atherossteosis kudlala indima ebalulekile - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba i-pathology ekuqaleni cishe ayizivezi.

Izigaba zokuthuthuka nezimbangela ze-atherosulinosis

Nge-atherossteosis, kukhona ukunqwabelana kwe-cholesterol ne-lipid izingxenyeni eziphakathi nendawo zangaphakathi, ngenxa yalokho lapho usawoti we-calcium ubekwa khona emithanjeni ye-caliber ephakathi nendawo enkulu futhi izicubu ezithintekayo zikhula.

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-atherosclerosis zivela lapho i-artery ivinjelwe ngaphezulu kwesigamu.

Izimpawu zesifo zincike endaweni yemikhumbi ethintekile.

Kwamukelwa ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezintathu zokukhula kwe-pathology.

Owokuqala ukuthuthukiswa kwamachilo wamafutha - ngaphambili ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo. Kuvela ngenxa yokuqongelela kwama-macrophage namaseli abushelelezi bemisipha, wona ahlanganisa i-lipids. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuba umucu wamafutha, kodwa ukuba khona kwawo akuhlali kusho ukuthi umuntu uguliswa yi-atherosclerosis. Ngisho nasezinganeni, amabala amanoni abonwa emikhunjini enobubanzi be-1-2 mm.

Okwesibili ukukhula kwesigcini se-fibrous esikuleya lwangaphakathi lomkhumbi. Siqukethe ama-esters nama-cholesterol amakristalu, okuwumgogodla othambile, nezingxenyana ze-lipid - isembozo esiminyene. Ukwanda kwezindawo ezinemithambo yegazi ezinamandla kubangela ukuncipha kokukhanya komthambo. I-cholesterol ivela egazini, inqwabelana ezindongeni zomkhumbi.

Okwesithathu - ukuba khona kwezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi - isigaba sokugcina ekwakhiweni kwe-atherosclerosis. Kuvela nokwehla kobukhulu bekhompiyutha yama-fibrous deposits ngaphansi kwama-65 microns, kanye nokwenzeka kwama-microcracks nezilonda ebusweni bayo. Lokhu kufaka ukunamathiswa kwamaplateletthi ku-capsule, ebangela i-thrombosis, unhlangothi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nezinye izifo ezihambisana nokugeleza kwegazi okulimazayo noma ukunqamuka ngokuphelele komthambo othintekile.

Ukwakheka kwamadiphozi e-atheromatous kubhekwa njengenqubo yemvelo, kepha kunezinto ezimbalwa ezingakubambezela noma kusheshise.

I-Pathanatomy ifaka izizathu ezifana nalezi:

1. Ubulili nobudala. Lesi sifo sikhula emadodeni kaningi kaningi kunabesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu zokuqala emadodeni zivela eminyakeni engama-45, nabesifazane - kusukela eminyakeni engama-55.
2. Izakhi zofuzo Kubandakanya izici ezinjengomsebenzi wamasosha omzimba, ukuba khona kwe-dyslipoproteinemia yefa kanye namazinga e-hormone.
3. Imikhuba emibi. Okuyingozi kakhulu ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo ukubhema, njengoba Ugwayi ngamunye uqukethe inani elikhulu le-nicotine ne-tar elimazayo. Awukwazi ukudlula ngotshwala, yize i-100 g le wayini ebomvu eyomile kusihlwa kungukuvikela okuhle komfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbangela yezinguquko ze-pathological ingaba khona kobukhona besisindo ngokweqile.

Ukukhuluphala kubangela izifo eziningi - isifo sokuqina kwemizwa, isifo sikashukela, njll., Ngakho-ke, udinga ukulungisa isisindo somzimba.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-atherosclerosis

Kunezinhlobo eziningi eziphambili zesifo.

Okuvame kakhulu ukwahlukaniswa kwe-atherosclerosis, kuye ngokuthi indawo ye-lesion ye-atheromatous emithanjeni yegazi.

Izinhlobo zesifo zivela zombili ngokuzimela nangokuhlelekile.

Izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-atherosclerosis ziyahlukaniswa:

• I-atherosclerosis yemikhumbi ye-coronary, imvamisa ibonakaliswa yizinhlungu zenhliziyo. Ngenxa yomonakalo emithanjeni yenhliziyo, ukugeleza kwe-oksijini kuyi-myocardium kuyaphazamiseka. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-pathology kuholela ku-angina pectoris, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo kanye nokufa kwengozi kungazelelwe.
• Ifomu le-aortic iyi-lesion ye-artery enkulu kunazo zonke emzimbeni - i-aorta. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhemikhali e-cholesterol kuthinta umsebenzi wazo zonke izitho nezinhlelo.
• Isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yezinso. Phakathi kwezimpawu zalesi sifo, izinhlungu ngenkathi uchama, ukuba khona kwegazi emchini, ukuhlaselwa kokuhlanza nomcanuzelelwa kufanele kuqokonyiswe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kufaka umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso.
• I-atherosclerosis yemikhumbi yokugoba. Ingqondo ingenye yezixhumanisi eziphambili zohlelo oluphambili lwezinzwa, Ngakho-ke, ukubulawa yindlala kwa-oxygen kwalesi sitho kuholela emiphumeleni emibi, ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi noma kwesikhashana.
• Ukwehlukanisa i-atherosulinosis yemikhawulo engezansi nengaphezulu. Ekuqaleni, izimpawu ezinjengokulahleka kwezinwele emilenzeni nasezingalweni, redness yeminwe, ebuhlungwini, emilenzeni ebunjiwe, njll. Kuyaqapheleka.Ukuvezwa okuyingozi kakhulu kwaleli hlobo le-atherosclerosis ukuhumusha ngezikhathi ezithile kanye necrosis yezicubu zomzimba.
• I-atherosulinosis yemithambo ye-mesenteric ekondla amathumbu. Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kwalesi sifo ukuhlaselwa ubuthi besisu - ubuhlungu be-colic-efana nesisu. Ingozi i-thrombosis yamagatsha emithambo yegazi ene-necrosis yodonga lwamathumbu kanye ne-mesentery.

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-pathology, izimpawu zangaphandle zezilonda ze-atheromatous vascular kungavela:

1. Ama-xanthomas - ukwakheka okufana "nama-tubercles" atholakala endaweni yokuhlangana namathambo;
2. i-senile arch - ukubukeka kwemivimbo ephuzi emaphethelweni e-cornea.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-xanthelasms angavela - ukwakheka kwamabala aphuzi esikhunjeni, kuvame ukuba nomlingiswa onobuthi, ngenxa yokufakwa kwe-cholesterol ne-triglycerides.

Izinhlobo ze-Hyperlipidemia nguFredrickson

I-Hyperlipidemia ingukudla okweqile kwezinga elejwayelekile le-lipids nama-lipoprotein ku-plasma yegazi.

Lesi sifo yisici esikhulu ekwakhiweni kwezifo zenhliziyo, kubandakanya i-atherosclerosis.

I-Hypercholesterolemia - Izifo Eziyenzeka

I-Hypercholesterolemia ngomqondo othile iyisifo esingesona isifo. Esikhundleni salokho, kungumbandela wokuqala wentuthuko yama-pathologies athile.

I-Hypercholesterolemia ibonakala nge-cholesterol ephezulu ye-plasma. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko nezesibili zalesi sifo ziyahlukaniswa.

I-hypercholesterolemia eyisisekelo ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi:

• Umndeni Enhlizweni yentuthuko yayo ukungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kwama-LDL receptors. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-homozygotes abonwa ngokuvama kwesigidi esisodwa. Ezigulini, ukugcwala kwe-cholesterol kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-31 mmol / L. Ezimweni eziningi, izifo zenhliziyo ezi-coronary zanda zifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20.
• I-Polygenic. Kuyaziveza njengomphumela wemikhuba yokudla engafanele noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile ngemuva kokuluthwa njengelifa. Ukuhlushwa kwe-cholesterol ku-plasma yegazi kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-8 mmol / L. Ezigulini ezinezifo zenhliziyo ezi-coronary zenzeka ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-60.
• Kuhlanganiswe Umndeni. Lokhu okubhalwe phansi kwenzeka kuphela ku-1-2% yabantu.

I-Hypercholesterolemia yesibili yisifo esenzeka nge-renal pathologies, isifo sikashukela i-mellitus (uhlobo I nohlobo II), i-hypothyroidism, i-pancreatitis, izifo zesibindi, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nezifo ze-biliary tract.

Leli fomu livela kaningi kakhulu kunelokuqala.

Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela lesi sifo

I-Atherossteosis ayikwazi ukwelapheka ngokuphelele, kepha kungenzeka ukumisa ukubekwa kwamachaphaza e-cholesterol ngokuxilongwa nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi.

Izindlela zokuxilonga ze-atherosclerosis okusolwa zifaka umlando wezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa kokuqala kweziguli, izindlela zelebhu kanye nezinsizakalo zocwaningo. Phakathi kokuhlolwa okuyinhloko kweelebhu, i-cholesterol ephelele nokuqina kwe-atherogenicity kuyabonakala. Izindlela zokuxilonga insimbi zifaka i-angiography, i-coronography, i-aortography, i-ultrasound yama-renal artery, resovasography ne-ultrasound.

Ezimweni ezingama-80%, ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kusiza ukuqeda izimpawu zesifo futhi kuvikele nemiphumela emibi. Udokotela ubeka le mithi elandelayo:

1. Izimo ziyizidakamizwa ezidume kakhulu ekwelapheni i-atherossteosis. Isenzo sabo sihlose ukunciphisa umsebenzi wesibindi ekukhiqizeni i-cholesterol. Izibonelo zezidakamizwa ezinjalo yi-rosuvastatin ne-atorvastatin.
2. Ama-latency e-LCD avimbela ukwakheka kwama-bile acid esibindini. Amakhambi aphumelelayo yi-Colesevelam ne-Colestyramine. Njengomphumela wokusebenzisa ngokulandelana kwe-LCD, ukusetshenziswa kwe-cholesterol kuyandiswa ukuqinisekisa inqubo ejwayelekile yokugaya.
3. Ama-fidrate yizidakamizwa ezichitha ama-triglycerides, ngaleyo ndlela ziqinisa imetabolism ye-lipid. Ekhemisi ungathenga, ngokwesibonelo, iTrikor noma i-Atromid.
4. INiacin umuthi odlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni i-atherosulinosis. Ikhiqiza umphumela we-antispasmodic ne-vasodilator, kepha ayinciphisi i-cholesterol. Izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-nicotinic acid zifakwe ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, izifo ze-gallbladder nesibindi.

Ezimweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, kuhlinzekwa ukuhlinzwa. I-Angioplasty isetshenziselwa izindlela ezihlasela kancane, kanti i-vastery prosthetics kanye ne-shunting kubhekiselwa kuzo izindlela ezihlasela kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela i-atherossteosis, ukondleka okhethekile kumele kubhekwe. Kungcono ukulandela ukudla okune-carb ephansi nge-cholesterol ephezulu. Akufaki ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo enjalo:

• inyama enamafutha nezitsha zenhlanzi;
• ushokoledi, muffin, namakhekhe nesinkwa esimhlophe;
• ukhukhamba, izitsha zokuthosa nezabhemayo;
• imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha;
• ukudla okulula, ukudla okusheshayo, amafutha we-trans;
• ikhofi eqinile netiye elimnyama, ushukela.

Esikhundleni salokho, lokhu kudla kuyicetshiswe ngezinhlobo ezinamafutha aphansi enyama nezinhlanzi, imifino, imifino nezithelo, imikhiqizo ephansi enamafutha e-lactic acid, isinkwa esinsundu nezinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene.

Umphumela we-atherosclerosis ezithweni zangaphakathi zangaphakathi uchazwa kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.