I-testosterone yi-hormone yobulili yabesilisa ebamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwamadoda, ukufezekiswa kwemisebenzi yokuzala izingane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwe-hormone lukhiqizwa emzimbeni wesifazane. Kwabesifazane, kudlala indima ebaluleke ngokulinganayo, ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okujwayelekile kanye nokufezeka kwayo yonke imisebenzi.
Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, i-androgen kubantu besifazane inomphumela wobulili, ilawula ukusebenza okujwayelekile kohlelo lwe-musculoskeletal
I-testosterone ne-cholesterol kuhlobene kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-cholesterol ithatha ingxenye enkulu ezinqubweni zokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone owesilisa ubulili. Ngokwesakhiwo sayo, i-hormone yabesilisa iyisidakamizwa sohlobo lwe-lipophilic.
Ngamafuphi, i-androgen iyinhlangano enempilo esebenza ngokuxubile yemvelo esebenza ngokubaluleka kokuphila ngokuyinhloko kubantu.
Ukuqoqwa kwaleli khompiyutha emadodeni kuvame ukusukela ku-11 kuye ku-33 nmol / L, kubantu besifazane, okuqukethwe kwalesi sakhi sezinto eziphilayo kunokwehla kakhulu futhi kusukela ku-0.24 kuye ku-3.8 nmol / L.
Izifundo zakamuva zezokwelapha ziveze ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-cholesterol ephansi ne-testosterone ephansi.
Ukushoda kwama-hormone kuholela ezinhlobonhlobo zama-pathologies kanye nokuphazamiseka, kuzo zombili izinto zesilisa nowesifazane.
Kuyini i-cholesterol, iziphi izinhlobo ezikhona?
I-cholesterol yinto e-organic, i-polycyclic lipophilic alcohol. Le khompiyutha ayinamanzi. Njengengxenye yegazi, lidluliswa ngesimo sezakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngamaprotheni. Izakhiwo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-lipoproteins. Ama-lipoprotein axazululeka kalula ku-plasma.
I-lipophilic alcohol i-compact ebandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo se-membrane yamaseli. Uhlaka lwe-cholesterol yisisekelo lapho zonke ezinye izingxenye zesitho sokwaluka kwesitho zinamathela khona.
I-Cholesterol ibandakanyeka ekuhlanganiseni kwezakhi zomzimba ezibandakanyeka kakhulu ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile.
Ngakho-ke, i-cholesterol yisakhiwo sokuqala lapho ama-hormone e-steroid ekugcineni ahlanganiswa khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Vitamin D ine-cholesterol base, eyenziwe kuphela lapho kunotshwala be-lipophilic ngenani elanele lokhu.
Ama-lipoprotein e-plasma wegazi ahlukile phakathi kwepharamitha eyinhloko - kwabantu.
Ngokwalo mkhakha, ama-lipoproteins ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu alandelayo:
- Ama-lipoprotein aphansi kakhulu anobukhulu bama-microns angama-21 kuye kwangama-70. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kuqukethe utshwala be-lipophilic obungaphezulu kwama-45%
- Ama-lipoproteins angabantu abalingene elinganisa ama-microns ayi-19. Ziqukethe kusuka ku-40 kuye ku-45% we-cholesterol
- Ama-lipoproteins aphezulu we-density ububanzi obungu-8 kuya ku-10 microns. Ukuqanjwa kwalezinhlanganisela eziyinkimbinkimbi kuqukethe i-20% utshwala be-lipophilic.
Iqembu lokugcina lama-lipoproteins livame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-cholesterol enhle.
Ama-HDL ayizakhiwo ezinesolubility enhle emanzini kanye namandla okususa i-lipophilic alcohol odongeni lwe-vascular.
Le mpahla ye-HDL ivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis emzimbeni.
Izinhlanganisela eziyinkimbinkimbi zobuncane obuphansi futhi obuphansi kakhulu zinesakhiwo esixegayo nosayizi abakhulu. Lezi zingxube zithambekele ekwakhekeni kwamakristali e-cholesterol kanye nokushona kwazo.
I-LDL ne-VLDL ibizwa nge- cholesterol embi. Lawa maqembu ezinhlanganisela eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidala ukwanda kwezifo ezahlukahlukene zenhliziyo kanye nesistimu yemithambo yegazi, njenge-atherosclerosis kanye nezinkinga zayo ezihambisana nalokhu.
I-LDL ne-HDL bayakwazi ukushintshanisa i-cholesterol phakathi kwabo. Abakwa-HDL bathola i-lipophilic alcohol kwi-LDL bayithuthe bayise kumaseli wesibindi lapho i-bile acid ihlanganiswa khona.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zingxube ezivela ku-cholesterol kukhuthaza ukuqedwa kotshwala be-lipophilic.
Umphumela we-cholesterol ekukhiqizweni kwe-testosterone
I-Plasma cholesterol isetshenziswa njengendwangu eluhlaza ekwakhekeni kwezakhi ezahlukahlukene ezifanele eziphilayo.
Enye yezakhi ezinje yi-testosterone testosterone. Ekulungiseleleni kwaleli komiso elisebenzayo, cholesterol isebenza njengomanduleli. Ngokuntuleka kwe-lipids noma ngezidakamizwa ezokwehlisa i-cholesterol. Kukhona ukwehla kwe-libido nokubukeka kwezinkinga nge-potency.
I-hormone ikhiqizwa kumaseli weLeydig kuma-testes. Lawa maseli adla inani eliphakeme kakhulu le-cholesterol.
Impilo esondelene nokugcinwa kwayo, kwabesilisa nabesifazane, kudlala indima enkulu empilweni. Kwabesilisa, i-potency ithinta hhayi kuphela izinga lomzimba, amandla endoda anethonya elibi empilweni yokomoya.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo eminyakeni edlule kuveze imiphumela engalindelekanga ebonakalisa umphumela we-cholesterol ku-potency yamadoda.
Ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone ocansi kwenziwa ngokubandakanyeka kotshwala be-lipophilic, okusho ukuthi i-cholesterol ethe xaxa emzimbeni, kukhulu ukukhiqizwa kwe-testosterone.
Imiphumela yezifundo ibuye ikhombise ubudlelwane obungathandeki. Ukuba khona komzimba wamazinga we-cholesterol ephakeme kungathinta kabi inqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwe-androgen uma kukhona ngokweqile kwe-LDL ku-plasma.
I-LDL inomphumela omubi emzimbeni wonke kanye nasezinhlelweni ze-metabolic ngazinye.
Ukuze i-testosterone emzimbeni wendoda ihlanganiswe ngamanani amakhulu, kuyadingeka ukuthi izinga le-cholesterol emibi libe yinto evamile. Isilinganiso esiphakathi kwe-LDL ne-HDL kufanele sivumele iqembu lokugcina le-cholesterol tata.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokunciphisa inani lama-lipoprotein aphansi kakhulu. Enye yezindlela ezilula futhi ezingabizi kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-hypocholesterol yokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqoqo lokuvivinya umzimba okhethekile lingasetshenziswa ukwehlisa i-cholesterol embi.
Ukudla izakhamzimba kufaka ukunciphisa ukunciphisa ukudla okuqukethe amafutha ezilwane kube okungenani.
Ukwehla kwe-LDL kuholela ekushintsheni kwesilinganiso phakathi kwe-lipoprotein embi nokuhle esikhundleni sokuthandela lokhu okugcina. Ukusetshenziswa kokudla nokuzivocavoca ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ezinqubweni ze-metabolic kungakhuphula inani le-cholesterol enhle.
Ngokwengeziwe, unganciphisa inani le-LDL:
- ngokusebenzisa umuthi othize;
- ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwama-Vitamin complexes;
- ngokuthatha i-lipoic acid ku-cholesterol;
- lapho usebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha zendabuko.
Uma kukhona ukuphazamiseka okunomthelela wokwanda kwe-LDL, khona-ke i-testosterone iqala ukukhiqizwa ngamanani amancane, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile.
I-testosterone biosynthesis kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwe-cholesterol
Kwabesilisa, ubuningi be-androgenic composed benziwa ngamaseli akhethekile ama-testicular, kwabesifazane, ukukhiqizwa kwalesi sakhi kwenziwa ngama-ovari. Ngevolumu encane, into kuwo womabili ubulili yenziwa yi-adrenal cortex.
Njengamanye amakhompiyutha e-steroid, i-testosterone isuselwa kotshwala be-lipophilic.
Inani le-androgen elenzelwe ukulawulwa ngama-hormone we-appendage yobuchopho - i-pituitary gland. Izingqinamba ezilawula inani le-androgen elikhiqizwayo zenziwa ngesenzo samakhompiyutha we-neuroendocrine akhiqizwa yi-hypothalamus.
Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kwe-hypothalamus yile:
- Liberins.
- Izimo
Ezingeni eliphansi le-androgen, i-hypothalamus iqala ukuhlanganisa i-gonadorelin - i-GnRH, evuselela i-pituitary gland ukuthi ikhiqize i-follicle evusa i-hormone - FSH kanye ne-luteinizing hormone - LH. Yilezi zingxubevange ezishukumisa amaseli weLeydig wama testes ukuthi ahlanganise i-testosterone.
Kamuva, ama-hormone akhiqizwa amaseli we-pituitary abamba iqhaza ekuqondisweni kwengxenye ye-androgen esegazini. Ukwanda kwamazinga we-androgen ngobudlelwano obonakele kuthinta i-hypothalamus kanye ne-pituitary gland. Umphumela onjalo wezicubu ze-gland uholela ekuvinjelweni ukukhiqizwa nokukhululwa kwe-GnRH, FSH ne-LH. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwe-androgen synthesis liqukethe impendulo equkethe umphumela we-testosterone emithanjeni ekhiqiza ama-hormone alawula i-biosynthesis ye-testosterone.
Izinga eliphakeme laleli hormone livimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-GnRH, FSH ne-LH.
Inqubo yokwakhiwa kwe-androgen ithonywa kakhulu inani le-cholesterol emzimbeni. Lapho likhuphuka izinga le-cholesterol, kulapho kukhiqizwa khona kakhulu i-hormone. Kepha lo mthetho uyisenzo inqobo nje uma umzimba usesigabeni sokukhula okusebenzayo nentuthuko.
Ekupheleni kwalesi sigaba, i-cholesterol eyandayo inomthelela ekukhuluphiseni, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwenani le-testosterone ekhiqizwayo.
Izizathu zokwehlisa androgen eyandayo
Ukwehla kwamazinga e-testosterone kuvuswa ukwephulwa kwe-biosynthesis yama-pituitary gonadotropin mahormone.
Kunganciphisa futhi namandla e-biosynthesis ngokuthatha i-glucocorticoids.
Ama-Glucocorticoids anciphisa ukuzwela kwezicubu emiphumeleni yama-hormone ocansi, akhuphula izinga le-androgen egazini futhi anciphise ukuqina kokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla ekukhiqizweni kwe-cholesterol esebenzayo ngokusebenzayo kungadalwa:
- ukunganele kwezindlala ze-adrenal;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-prostatitis engapheli kwisifo sikashukela;
- ukukhuluphala, okucasulwe inani elikhulayo lama-lipids emadodeni;
- ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile efana noBuserin, Carbamazepine, Cimetidine, uCyclophosphamide, uCyproterone, uDexamethasone, uGoserelin, uKetoconazole, uPravastatin.
Amazinga we-Androgen angandiswa ngokwandisa umsebenzi womzimba. Ukuzivocavoca kuphoqa isibindi ukuthi sikhiqize i-HDL ethe xaxa, ethuthukisa ukwakheka kwehomoni yabesilisa.
Izinga elikhulayo le-testosterone lonyusa i-libido, kepha okweqile kwehomoni kuholela ezinkingeni zesikhumba, ezinkingeni zegazi - kuphakama i-hematocrit, futhi ukushuba kokukhula komdlavuza kuyanda.
Izinga eliphakeme lama-hormone wesilisa lenzeka ngenkathi kwenziwa ama-neoplasms kuma-testicles athuthukisa izinqubo ze-androgen synthesis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-biosynthesis iyathuthuka lapho kuthathwa imishanguzo ethile futhi esimweni sokuba khona kwesifo kanye ne-Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome emzimbeni.
Izizathu zokunciphisa amazinga we-testosterone kuxoxwa ngazo kule vidiyo kule ndatshana.
