Ama-pancreas anesakhiwo se-alveolar-acinous, aqukethe ama-lobules amaningi, atholakala kude nelinye, ahlukaniswe izingqimba zezicubu ezihlangene. I-lobule ngayinye ingukuqongelela kwamaseli e-epithelial asezinhlwini zemilo ezahlukahlukene, lapho ukwakheka kwejusi le-pancreatic kwenzeka.
Phakathi kwamaseli we-parenchyma kukhona amaseli athile ahlelwe aba ngamaqoqo. Babizwa iziqhingi zaseLangerhans. Inani liyahlukahluka kusuka kuma-microns angama-50 kuye kwangama-40. Isisindo esiphelele esingekho ngaphezulu kwe-3% yawo wonke ama-pancreas omuntu omdala.
Ama-iswitch ama-pancreatic afakwe ngokucebile ngemithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu nama-capillaries, awafakwanga iziteshi ezi-excretory, noma kunjalo, anakho ukucasha kwangaphakathi, ngenxa yalokho akhiqiza ama-hormone ngqo egazini. Lawula nezinqubo ze-carbohydrate emzimbeni womuntu.
Cabanga ngesimo se-pancreas, yini ukusebenza kwe-intracretory ne-exocrine yesitho sangaphakathi.
Indima yendlala emzimbeni
Uhlelo lokugaya luveza ama-enzyme namahomoni ahlukahlukene. Unemisebenzi emibili "- lokhu kungukusebenza kwe-endocrine yamanyikwe (amanye amagama - i-endocrine, intracecretory) nomsebenzi we-exocrine - imisebenzi ye-exocrine.
Isitho sangaphakathi sitholakala esiswini sesisu. Ifanela udonga lwangemuva lwesisu, olwenziwe endaweni ye-vertebrae yokuqala ye-lumbar. Lokhu kucishe kube ngaphezulu kwenkaba 10 amasentimitha asondele ohlangothini lwesobunxele.
Isici sesitho ukuthi sinezigaba eziningana. Ihlukaniswe yinhloko nomsila, kanye nomzimba. Ukusebenza kwamanyikwe kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwesitho somzimba wonke. Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle, inqubo yokugaya ukudla ecashile iyabonakala. Uma ukungasebenzi kahle kwesikhumba se-pancreatic kutholakala, kuphakama isifo sikashukela kubantu abadala nasezinganeni.
Uma kunesimo, ama-pancreas angabhekwa njengesitho sesistimu yokugaya ukudla, enezingxenye ezimbili - isibalo esikhulu sezindlala ezincane kanye neziteshi lapho secretion yokungena kwe-pancreatic ingena khona duodenum.
Imvamisa, isisindo sesitho singeqi i-80 g, sikhiqiza cishe u-1500-2000 ml wejusi we-pancreatic ngosuku, odala umthwalo othile kuso. Imfihlo ihambisana nokuphendula kwe-alkaline, ikhipha umunyu emiphumeleni yejusi yesisu ngaphambi kokuba ukudla okuvela kuyo kungene isilonda se-12 duodenal. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze i-hydrochloric acid ingaholi ulwelwesi lwama-mucous.
Ingxenye yekhanda le-pancreas itholakala eduze kwe-duodenum, kule ndawo kudlula i-duct ejwayelekile, exhuma esiteshini esenza i-bile.
Umsebenzi wama-pancreas
Ukulawulwa kokukhiqizwa kwejusi le-pancreatic yinqubo enamazinga amaningi enamaphethini athile. Umsebenzi wamaseli osebenzayo, onomthelela ekwenzeni izinto ezidingekayo, uthonywa ngumsebenzi wohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi.
Ukuhlolwa okuningana kwesayensi kukhombisile ukuthi umsebenzi wamanyikwe awukhuphuki kuphela lapho ukudla kungena emzimbeni, kepha futhi nalapho kudliwa, kunuka ukudla, noma kumane kukhulunywa ngakho. Umsebenzi onjalo ubangelwa yithonya lengxenye yokuzimele yohlelo lwezinzwa.
Futhi, ingxenye ye-parasympathetic nayo ikhulisa umsebenzi we-pancreatic ngethonya le-vagus nerve. Futhi umnyango onozwela wohlelo lwezinzwa ugxile ekwehliseni umsebenzi wesitho sokugaya ukudla.
Ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwama-pancreas kungenxa yezici zokutholwa kwesisu. Uma kutholakala i-acidity eyengeziwe, kuholela ekunwetshisweni kwemishini, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzymes wokugaya ukudla kuyanda.
Ukwanda kwe-acidity kanye nokwanda kwe-duodenum nakho kuholela ekwakhiweni kwezakhi ezigxile ekuvuseleleni ukusebenza kwe-gland. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-secretin ne-cholecystokinin.
I-gland ayigqugquzeli kuphela, ithuthukisa umsebenzi wayo, kodwa futhi ivinjelwe. Lo msebenzi ungokwesistimu yezinzwa enozwela ngo:
- Somatostatin;
- I-Glucagon.
Ukuguquguquka okumangalisayo kwesitho sangaphakathi kuyaphawulwa: kuvumelana nokudla kwansuku zonke, kuya ngokuthandwa ngabantu. Uma kunamaprotheni amaningi ekudleni - i-trypsin ikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi, uma fat - bese lipase.
Umsebenzi we-Exocrine
Imisebenzi ye-pocrre kanye ne-intrasecretory ye-pancreas ibhekene nezinqubo eziningi emzimbeni womuntu. Umsebenzi we-Exocrine ubonwa ngesikhathi sokugaywa kokudla. Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, insimbi ingakhiqiza kuze kufike ku-2000 ml wejusi le-pancreatic ngosuku.
Yimfihlo lena esiza ukugaya ukudla, ngoba ifaka nama-enzymes wokugaya ukudla okuqeda izakhi zomzimba ezingena emzimbeni ngokudla.
Ukuqhekeka kwe-carbohydrate, amaprotheni nezinto ezinamafutha kuya emamolekyuli amancane kakhulu kuyatholakala, nakho okukhanyiswe ngama-enzyme aye esimweni esamukelekayo, kuthi ngemuva kwalokho amungene emathunjini.
Ijusi ye-pancreatic ingena kwi-duodenum - eboniswa yingcindezi efanayo ye-osmotic nge-plasma yegazi. Iningi lawo amanzi ne-electrolyte, amancane aqukethe ama-enzyme. I-electrolyte ihlala iguquguquka njalo.
Emini, ama-pancreas akhiqiza cishe ama-20 g wamaprotheni abilisiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba emandleni ayo okukhiqiza izinto ze-enzyme uthola isikhundla esikhulu emzimbeni. Ukukhishwa kwama-enzyme kungenxa yokuqina kwesitho. Inqubo yokususa izakhi ze-enzyme kumaseli azimele ekukhiqizweni kwe-enzyme. Ama-secretogens amaningi alawula ngqo ukukhishwa kwamaprotheni kuseli elimile.
Ama-enzymes abhekele i-hydrolysis yamaprotheni atholakala kuma-pancreas anqunywa ngendlela engasebenzi. Lolu uhlobo lokuvikelwa kwama-pancreas ekuzigayeni. Ama-enzymes asetshenziswa kuphela ku-duodenum 12. Isishoshovu yi-Enterokinase, eyenziwe nge-mucosa yamathumbu.
Lokhu yikho okubangela umkhuba we-Cascade wama-enzyme.
Umsebenzi wokuhlwaya
Ingxenye ye-intrasecretory ye-pancreas ibhekene nokuhlushwa ushukela okujwayelekile emzimbeni womuntu. Amanye ama-hormone alawula ushukela. Ukusebenza kwabo kuchazwa indlela yokunyuka yezinqubo eziqhubekayo. Ngamanye amagama, ukunqwabelana kwamaseli (ama-pancreatic islets) kwenza i-glucagon nama-insulin kuqedwe.
I-insulin ihloselwe ukwehlisa ukuqoqwa koshukela, i-glucagon, kunalokho, ikhulisa okuqukethwe. Uma ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kubonwa, khona-ke isifo esingamahlalakhona senzeka - isifo sikashukela mellitus. Kwenzeka okuncane, noma akuhlanganwanga nhlobo.
Le pathology ibhekwa njengenye yezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yamanyikwe yokuqothuka kwangaphakathi. Ngesikhathi sesifo sikashukela, ukusebenza kwesitho sangaphakathi kukhubazeka kakhulu, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwezinkinga. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokuntuleka kokulungiswa kwe-glycemia, kukhona usongo hhayi empilweni kuphela, kodwa nasempilweni yesiguli.
Isifo sikashukela mellitus salezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- Uhlobo lokuqala lubonakala ngokuswelakala kwe-insulin, kuyilapho i-glucagon ingaphakathi kwemingcele evamile noma imingcele eyamukelekayo kancane ngaphezu kwemikhawulo.
- Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo lwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda senani elijwayelekile le-insulin, noma kunjalo, i-insulin yokumelana ne-insulin iyaziveza.
Umsebenzi we-prareas we-intra-secretory uphazamiseka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene - izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala emzimbeni, ukungondleki, ukuvivinya umzimba, i-pathology yokugaya ukudla, ipheshana lesisu, njll.
I-Organ Dysfunction Prevention
Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kumanyikwe, kubhekwa izinkinga zomsebenzi wezinye izitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo. Ama-pancreas abonakala njengesitho "esidabukisayo" esithola umthwalo ophindwe kabili ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo.
Ukusebenza gland kukabili. Ingasebenza ngokweqile (hyperfunction) noma kancane (hypofunction). Ngokuvuvukala, i-pancreatitis iyatholakala. Isimpawu esivelele ukuphula inqubo yokugaya ukudla.
Ukungasebenzi kwe-gland kungaqubuka ezifweni ezithile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-gastritis, duodenitis, izilonda zesisu kanye ne-duodenum. Kufakwe naluhlu i-cholecystitis engapheli, i-dyskinesia ye-biliary, cholelithiasis nezinye izifo.
Njenge-prophylaxis yokungasebenzi kahle kumanyikwe, kufanele ulandele izeluleko ezilandelayo zochwepheshe bezokwelapha:
- Yekani ukubhema, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala;
- Khipha ukuzikhandla okusindayo komzimba;
- Hola indlela yokuphila enempilo - ukudla okulinganiselayo, ezemidlalo - yokuzivocavoca, izivivinyo zokuphefumula, ukubhukuda, i-aerobics yamanzi;
- Izikhathi ezithile kuhlolwa ngazo udokotela, ukuhlolwa kwe-gallbladder;
- Vakashela i-gastroenterologist okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
Ekuvimbeleni i-pancreatitis, kunakwa kakhulu ekudleni. Njengoba ngaphezu kwe-70% yamacala e-pancreatitis abangelwa imikhuba emibi yokudla nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala. Udinga ukudla ngokulinganisela, njalo, ngezingxenye ezincane. Nikeza ukukhetha imifino nezithelo, ezinamavithamini namaminerali amaningi.
I-pancreatic dysfunction ibonakaliswa yizimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Uma kunobuhlungu esiswini esingaphezulu, ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla, isicanucanu, nezinye izimpawu, kunconywa ukuthi uvakashele isikhungo sezokwelapha ukuze usithole.
Isakhiwo nemisebenzi yamanyikwe kuxoxwe ngayo kule vidiyo ekule ndatshana.
