Ama-pancreas yisitho esisebenzayo sokugaya ukudla. Singasho ukuthi kuvela njengesakhi esiyinhloko sokugaya ukudla, sibamba iqhaza ezinqubweni ze-metabolic emzimbeni womuntu.
Kunokuphazamisa ukusebenza - kwangaphandle nangaphakathi. Umsebenzi we-exocrine kungenxa yokukhiqizwa kwejusi ye-pancreatic, okubandakanya ama-enzyme wokugaya adingekayo ekugayeni okujwayelekile kokudla.
Ukusebenza kwe-Intra-secretory (endocrine) kuqukethe ukukhiqizwa kwezakhi ezithile zama-hormonal, kunikeza ukulawulwa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic - fat, carbohydrate kanye ne-protein metabolism.
Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwecanse kuvusa ukwenzeka kwe-pathologies - isifo sikashukela, i-pancreatitis, njll. Cabanga nge-anatomy kanye ne-physiology yesitho sangaphakathi, esizokuvumela ukuthi wazi kangcono umzimba wakho.
Indawo nokwakheka kwamanyikwe
Amanyikwe ayatholakala endaweni esifundeni sesisu, etholakala ngemuva kwesisu, eduze ne-duodenum 12 ezingeni le-vertebrae engenhla yomhlane ophansi. Esibonelweni sodonga lwesisu, sitholakala ngamasentimitha angama-5- 10 ngaphezu kwenkaba. Isitho sikhonjwa ngesakhiwo sebhubhu, siqukethe izingxenye ezintathu - inhloko, umzimba kanye nomsila.
Ikhanda lesitho litholakala emgoqweni we-duodenum, isitho sokugcina simboza ikhanda ngesimo sehhashi. Umzimba uhlukaniswa ngumsele, lapho umthambo we-portal ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
I-gland inikezwa ngegazi ngemithambo yegazi, ukuphuma kwe-biological fluid kwenziwa nge-collar vein.
Izici zesakhiwo somzimba wamanyikwe:
- Umzimba uhlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana - izingxenye zangaphambili, ezingezansi nezingemuva, ngokufanayo zihlukanisa imiphetho.
- Ingxenye yangaphambili ixhumene nezindonga zesisu.
- Ingxenye yangemuva isondelene ne-aorta yesisu nomgogodla; imithambo yegazi yodonga idlula kuyo.
- Ingxenye engezansi ibekwe ngaphansi kwezimpande zekoloni eguqukayo.
Umsila we-pancreas ufinyelela emasangweni ebanzi, futhi uqondiswe phezulu naphansi. Ukwakheka kwesitho sangaphakathi kuqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili zezicubu ezenza umsebenzi wangaphandle nangaphakathi. Isisekelo sezicubu izingxenyana ezincane ezihlukaniswe ngabangena phakathi kwezicubu ezihlangene.
I-lobule ngayinye inemisele yayo yokuhoxiswa. Ziyaxhuma, ngenxa yalokho kwakheka umgodi ovamile owumbayo, odlula kuwo wonke umzimba. Emaphethelweni kwesokudla sekhanda, iyavula ukungena ku-duodenum 12, exhuma emiseleni ye-bile. Le yindlela imfihlo yamanyikwe ingena emathunjini.
Phakathi kwama-lobes amaqembu asendaweni okwenziwa amaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-islets of Langerhans. Azinayo imisele yokudonsa, kepha inethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi, ekuvumela ukuthi ukhethe i-insulin ne-glucagon ngqo egazini.
Ngabe kulawulwa kanjani indlala?
Ukulawulwa kokufihlakala kwe-pancreatic kubonakala njengenqubo yenqubo ye-multilevel. Ithonya elikhulu emsebenzini wokusebenza kwamaseli okwazi ukuthola ama-enzymes adingekayo lisebenzisa isimo sohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi uhlobo lokudla, iphunga lokudla, noma ukulisho nje kuholela ekonyukeni okukhulu komsebenzi we-pancreatic. Lo mphumela usekelwe emsebenzini wohlelo lwezinzwa lwe-autonomic.
Ukuhlukaniswa okubucayi kwesistimu yezinzwa ngokusebenzisa i-vagus nerve kwandisa umsebenzi wesitho sangaphakathi. Ngasikhathi sinye, uhlelo lozwela lugxile ekwehleni.
Esikhathini sokulawulwa komsebenzi wesitho, ukubaluleka okukhulu kufakwe ezakhiweni zejusi lesisu. Uma i-acidity yayo esiswini inyuka, ukwelulwa kwayo ngemishini kuyabonakala, lokhu kuholela ekukhuseleni kokucashile kwe-pancreatic.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwelulwa kwemishini kwe-duodenum kanye nokwanda kwe-acidity ku-lumen yayo kuholela ekukhuleni kwezinto ezivuselela i-pancreas. Lezi zinto zifaka:
- USecinin.
- I-Cholecystokinin.
Izinhlelo ze-gland emzimbeni azikwazi ukukhuthaza nje kuphela, kepha futhi zivimbela nomsebenzi wayo. Lo mphumela uthonywe uhlelo lozwela nozwela nama-hormone - glucagon, somatostatin.
I-Iron ingashintshela kwimenyu yansuku zonke. Uma ama-carbohydrate enqoba ekudleni, khona-ke imfihlo ehlanganisiwe iqukethe ikakhulukazi i-amylase; uma kunezinto ezinamaprotheni amaningi ekudleni, kukhiqizwa i-trypsin; ngokumelene nesizinda sokusetshenziswa kokudla okunamafutha kuphela, kukhiqizwa i-lipase.
Ukusebenza kwesitho sokugaya
Umsebenzi we-pokerreat pancreatic ubandakanya ukukhiqizwa kwejusi ye-pancreatic. Ihlanganisa 500-1000 ml yayo ngosuku. Inezakhi ze-enzyme, usawoti namanzi ajwayelekile.
Ama-enzymes ahlanganiswa ngokusebenzisa indlala abizwa ngokuthi ama-proenzymes. Akhiqizwa ngesimo esingasebenzi. Lapho ukudla kungena ku-duodenum, ama-hormone aqala ukukhululwa, okuthi ngawo amaketanga amakhemikhali emzimbeni aqaleke, okuholela ekusebenzeni kwama-enzymes.
Isikhuthazo esinamandla yi-hydrochloric acid, lapho, ingena emathunjini, ikhuthaza ukumbiwa kwe-secinin ne-pancreosimine - kuthinta ukwakheka kwama-enzyme:
- I-Amylase ihlinzeka ngokuqhekeka kwama-carbohydrate.
- I-Trypsin ibandakanyeka ekugayweni kwezinto zamaprotheni, ezivela esiswini.
- I-Lipase isiza ukuphula amafutha asevele ethintekile yi-bile evela gallbladder.
Futhi, ijusi le-pancreatic lifaka izinto zamaminerali ngendlela kasawoti we-acid, enomthelela ekuphenduleni kwe-alkali. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kukalwe izingxenye zokudla ezinama-acid ezivela esiswini, futhi kwakhele indawo enhle yokufakwa kwe-carbohydrate.
Umsebenzi we-intracecretory wesitho uqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwama-hormone anjenge-insulin ne-glucagon emzimbeni. Akhiqizwa ngeqembu lamaseli afakwe phakathi kwe-lobules, engenawo ama-ducts - iziqithi zeLangerhans. Imisebenzi yeHormone:
- Ukukhishwa kwe-insulin kuyabonakala kumaseli we-beta. Le hormone inesibopho sokulawula izinqubo ze-carbohydrate namafutha emzimbeni. Ngaphansi kwethonya lale ngxenye, ushukela ungena ezicutshini nasemangqamuzaneni, ngenxa yalokho ukucwila koshukela kuyehla.
- I-Glucagon ikhiqizwa amaseli we-alpha. Ngamafuphi, i-hormone ingumelana ne-insulin, okungukuthi, ihlose ukwandisa okuqukethwe ushukela emzimbeni womuntu. Amaseli we-Alpha nawo abandakanyeka ekuhlanganiseni kwe-lipocaine, evimbela ukonakala kwamafutha kwesibindi.
Ukukhuphuka kwe-adrenaline kusuka kuzindlala ze-adrenal kubuye kulawulwe ngokuhlushwa ushukela. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sesimo se-hypoglycemic state (ushukela ophansi), ukukhiqizwa kwe-adrenaline ye-Reflex kuyabonakala, okufaka isandla ekwandeni kokuqukethwe ushukela.
Amanyikwe asondelene nawo wonke amanye amasistimu wokugaya ukudla. Noma yikuphi ukwephulwa noma ukungasebenzi kahle emsebenzini kuthinta kabi inqubo yokugaya yonke.
Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kwe-pancreatic enzyme defence
Okucasulayo ekukhiqizweni kwama-enzyme, ukwehla kokusebenza nokushoda kwabo yimiphumela yesimo esingamahlalakhona se-pancreatitis. Lesi sifo sihambisana nezinguquko ezihamba kancane kwezicubu zomzimba, ngenxa yalokho sibuyiselwa izicubu ezithintekayo.
Kunezimbangela eziningi ze-pancreatitis. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa inqubo yenqubo emzimbeni ngenxa yokuphuza ngokweqile utshwala. Phakathi kokunye okokudla, ukungondleki kahle, ukugula okufana nakho (cholecystitis), izifo ezithathelanayo, nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezithile kuyahlukaniswa.
Ukushoda kwe-trypsin, i-amylase ne-lipase kuholela ekuphazamisweni okukhulu kwinqubo yokugaya ukudla.
Izimpawu ezejwayelekile zokuhluleka kwe-pancreatic:
- Ubuhlungu esiswini sobunxele e-hypochondrium, ovame ukukhula ngemuva kokudla. Kwesinye isikhathi izinhlungu azihlobene nokudla.
- Ukwehla noma ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kwesifiso sokudla.
- Ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla ngendlela yesicanucanu, isifo sohudo, ukugabha okuphindaphindiwe.
- Ukuqunjelwa esiswini, ukuthokomala.
- Umbala nokuvumelana kokushintshwa kwezindunduma.
Ubukhulu nobukhulu bokubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kunqunywa ngezinga lomonakalo. Ngenxa yokugaya kahle, kubhekwa ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomsoco, kanti kwezinye izithombe, ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic kuholela kwamanye ama-pathologies - i-osteochondrosis, i-osteoarthrosis, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi emithanjeni yegazi.
Uma kutholakala ukuntuleka kwe-lipase, khona-ke izibonakaliso yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ezindondweni kukhona ukuba khona kwamafutha ngokweqile.
- Amalahle okugcotshwe owolintshi noma ophuzi.
- Isihlalo sinamafutha.
Kwezinye izimo, kungamafutha awuketshezi kuphela akhishwa ngaphandle kwezindunduma. Uma i-amylase inganele, khona-ke isiguli singabekezeleli ukudla okucebiswe ngama-monosaccharides nama-disaccharides. Kukhona nethebula le-ketshezi, ukuntuleka kokufakwa kwezakhi esiswini esincane, okuhambisana nokuqubuka njalo komzimba, ukuncipha kwesisindo.
Ngobuthakathaka be-trypsin, i-creatorrhea elinganiselwe noma ebukhali iyabonakala - okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen kanye nemicu yemisipha kutholakala ezinduneni. Isihlalo sikhonjwa ngephunga le-fetid, ukwenzeka kwe-anemia akubandakanywa.
Njengoba inqubo yokuqhekeka kokudla ikhubazekile, ngisho nokudla okuthuthukile, iziguli zehlisa isisindo, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini nezakhi zamaminerali, ukoma ngokweqile kwesikhumba, ukushuba kwamapuleti ezipikili, nezinwele zitholakala.
Ngokukhiqizwa okuphansi kwama-enzyme yi-gland, kunconywa ukwelashwa okufakwa esikhundleni. Kepha izinto zesimo semvelo ngeke zikunxephezele ngokuphelele ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba.
Iphathwa kanjani insimbi?
Ukwelashwa kungenxa yezifo ezithile. Ukuhlaselwa okunamandla ngemuva kwezimbangela ezicacisiwe nezingachazwanga kuphathwa ngokuzila ukudla. Njengoba lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwejusi, ngenxa yalokho, isitho sangaphakathi siyalayishwa.
Imvamisa, iziguli ezine-pancreatitis ezila ukudla zingakubekezelela kalula, njengoba inhlala-kahle yazo iyanda kakhulu, kukhona i-pain pain njalo. Kuvunyelwe ukuphuza amanzi amaminerali ngaphandle kwegesi noma umhluzi we-rosehip ogxile ngokuqinile.
Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa kwezifo ezinzima ukugwema izinkinga nokuwohloka kwenqubo evilaphayo. Kunconywa amaphilisi okunciphisa izinhlungu nemithi ye-enzymatic esiza ukusiza ukunciphisa ukukhululeka kwe-enzyme.
Ekuqaleni, angeniswa emzimbeni womuntu ngokusebenzisa umthambo. Lapho isiguli sithuthuka inhlala-kahle, sesingathatha imishanguzo njengamaphilisi. Ukuze unciphise izinhlungu esigabeni esibuhlungu, ungafaka isifutho sokushisa neqhwa kumanyikwe.
Ukulungiselela ukwelashwa kwamanyikwe:
- I-antispasmodics yokususa izinhlungu. Ochwepheshe abaningi bezokwelapha banquma uPapaverine, uNo-shpu, uDrotaverin. Uma izinhlungu zilingana, khona-ke i-Ibuprofen iyasetshenziswa. Umuthi wokugcina ngasikhathi sinye unezinto ezilwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-analgesic.
- Imithi ye-antacid isiza ukudambisa izinhlungu, ivikele ukucasuka kanye nolwelwesi lwama-membrane we-mucous. Kusetshenziswa ngendlela yezixazululo namagiya asiza ukungathathi hlangothi i-hydrochloric acid. Abamele iqembu - Zoran, Ranitidine.
Ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme wokugaya, kusetshenziswa i-Contrical. Ukwelashwa kwe-pancreatitis engapheli, ukwelashwa kwe-enzyme kuyadingeka ukusekela umsebenzi wesitho sangaphakathi, ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokugaya ukudla. I-Mezim, iPancreatin, i-Creon inqunyelwe.
Ama-pancreas ayisitho esidabukisayo futhi esibucayi, ngakho-ke kudinga isimo sokucophelela uqobo. Ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala nemikhuba emibi yokudla kungaholela kwi-pancreatitis - isifo esibuhlungu nesingamahlalakhona, amatshe emigodini ebekiwe, isifo sikashukela, i-necrosis noma i-pancreatic adenocarcinoma, nezinye izifo.
Isakhiwo nemisebenzi yamanyikwe kuxoxwe ngayo kule vidiyo ekule ndatshana.
