Ukuze wenze umuntu azizwe ephilile, udinga ukubheka izinga le-insulin emzimbeni. Le hormone kufanele yanele ukuze ushukela ungabutheli egazini. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma kwenzeka kuphazamiseka i-metabolic, udokotela uthola isifo sikashukela.
Ukwelashwa kwesigaba esithuthukile sesifo sikashukela ukubuyisa ukugcwala okuchithekile kwe-insulin, okungenakukhiqizwa ngokwemvelo ngumzimba. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa i-insulin encibilikayo, efana nonjiniyela womuntu. Ama-pancreas unesibopho sokwenza i-hormone enjalo.
Ekhiqizweni kwe-insulin, hhayi ubuchwepheshe kuphela bokukhiqiza ama-hormone wemvelo, abakhiqizi basebenzisa futhi i-insulin etholwe ngokwenziwa. Umuthi obhalwe ukuthi "i-solubilis" ukhonjisiwe njenge-soluble.
Isebenza kanjani i-insulin yobunjiniyela babantu
Ekwelapheni i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kusetshenziswa insulin yezakhi zofuzo zomuntu ezimbili. Kumakhemisi, kuthengiswa ngesimo sesisombululo futhi kubhalwe ukuthi "Kuyathandwa." Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo lungaphathwa nangomuthi onjalo uma umuthi onqunyelwe ungalungelanga onesifo sikashukela.
I-insulin eyenziwe ngenjini nayo isetshenziswa uma umuntu enesifo sikashukela. Odokotela bavame ukunikeza imijovo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abane-diagnostic yesifo sikashukela lapho amaphilisi okwehlisa ushukela nokudla okwelapha kungasizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isixazululo sisetshenziswa uma ukutheleleka kuvela emzimbeni wesifo sikashukela kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kuyabonakala.
Ngokuvamile, ama-insulin ama-insulin noma ama-GMO asetshenziswa ngofuzo asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane, lapho ehlinzelwa ukuhlinzwa noma uma onesifo sikashukela elimele kakhulu. Umuthi ukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe ngokuphephile ekusebenziseni ama-hormone asheshe asebenze.
- Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-insulin biphasic engineering genetic engineering, kubalulekile ukwenza isivivinyo futhi uthole ukuthi lo muthi umfanele yini isiguli. Uma isifo sikashukela siveza i-hypoglycemia, akunconywa ukusebenzisa umuthi.
- Isikimu sokusebenza kwekhambi liwukuthi i-insulin eyakhiwe ngofuzo ixhumana namaseli, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lapho amaseli engena kulezi zinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, ziyavuseleleka futhi aqale ukusebenza ngokuzikhandla ngokwengeziwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, kukhiqizwa ama-enzyme amaningi.
- Ngenqubo le, ushukela udonswa ngokushesha, ama-carbohydrate angena emzimbeni acutshungulwa ngenkuthalo. Ngakho-ke, isibindi siveza i-glucose isikhathi eside, futhi amaprotheni angangenwa ngokushesha okukhulu.
Umgomo wesidakamizwa uncike kumthamo, uhlobo lwe-insulin, ukukhetha kwesayithi lomjovo. Noma iyiphi inqubo kufanele yenziwe kuphela ngemuva kokuvumelana nodokotela ohambelayo. Imijovo yokuqala yenziwa ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela.
Uma kukhona imiphumela emibi ibonwa, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Izinhlobo zezidakamizwa
Njengo noma i-insulin biphasic genetic engineering enamagama ahlukene okuhweba. Futhi, ama-hormone angahluka ngesikhathi sokusebenza, indlela yokulungiswa kwekhambi. Imikhiqizo iqanjwe ngokususelwa kuhlobo lwe-insulin.
Ama-insulin enzelwe ngofuzo ayingxenye yemithi efana neHumudar, Vozulim, Actrapid. I-Insuran, Gensulin. Lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwezidakamizwa ezinjalo, inani labo likhulu impela.
Zonke lezi zidakamizwa ezingenhla ziyehluka ngokuya ngokuchayeka emzimbeni. Ama-GMO angahlala amahora ambalwa noma asebenze izinsuku zonke.
Izidakamizwa ezihlangana ngezigaba ezimbili zifaka izidakamizwa ezibandakanya izakhi ezithile eziguqula isikhathi sokuchayeka kulo muthi.
- Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zithengiswa ngendlela yezingxube, kufaka phakathi ama-hormone atholakala ngofuzo.
- Lezi zimali zibandakanya iMikstard, Insuman, Gansulin, Gensulin.
- Izidakamizwa zisetshenziswa kabili ngosuku, isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla. Uhlelo olunjalo kufanele lunamathelwe ngokuqinile, ngoba i-hormone ihlobene ngqo nenkathi yokudla kokudla.
Ngokukhiqizwa kofuzo kwe-insulin yomuntu, kulungiselelwa ukutholwa okunesikhathi sokuvezwa okujwayelekile.
- Isixazululo siqala ukusebenza kungakapheli imizuzu engama-60, kepha umzuzu womsebenzi ophakeme kakhulu ubonwa amahora ayisithupha nesikhombisa emva komjovo.
- Umuthi ukhishwa ngokuphelele emzimbeni ngemuva kwamahora ayi-12.
- Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zibandakanya i-Insuran, Insuman, Protafan, Rinsulin, Biosulin.
Kukhona nama-GMOs anesikhathi esifushane sokuvezwa emzimbeni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa insulin Actrapid, Gansulin, Humulin, Insuran, Rinsulin, Bioinsulin. Ukufakelwa okunjalo kunesigaba esisebenzayo ngemuva kwamahora amabili kuya amathathu, futhi izibonakaliso zokuqala zesenzo somuthi zingabonakala kakade isigamu sehora ngemuva komjovo.
Izidakamizwa ezinjalo ziqedwa ngokuphelele emzimbeni ngemuva kwamahora ayisithupha.
Izimpawu ze-overdose
Lapho usebenzisa i-insulin, kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo zikadokotela futhi uqaphele isilinganiso esifanele somuthi obekiwe.
Uma kwenzeka kungahambisani nemithetho ne-overdose, onesifo sikashukela uqala ukuzwa ubunzima bekhanda, ukuqaqamba, indlala, ukujuluka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, umuntu abe esesebenza ngokweqile, akhathale. Ukushiswa emzimbeni wonke nokuqhaqhazela nakho kungabonakala.
Izimpawu ezinjalo zifana kakhulu nezimpawu zokuncipha kweglucose yegazi. Ngesigaba esincane sezimpawu, onesifo sikashukela angayixazulula ngokuzimela inkinga futhi enze ngcono isimo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yidla uswidi noma yimuphi omunye umkhiqizo omnandi oqukethe ushukela. Imvamisa ephumelelayo kuleli cala konke kunokudla okugcwele ama-carbohydrate akhanyayo. Futhi, ezinye iziguli zisebenzisa umuthi i-Glucagon kulokhu.
- Uma kwenzeka ukukhululeka kwesifo sikashukela, sebenzisa isixazululo se-dextrose, umuthi uphathwa ngokuhlinzwa kuze kube yilapho umuntu ekwazi. Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala ezisolisayo, kuyadingeka ukubiza i-ambulensi, ezokwazi ukwenza isiguli siphile ngezindlela eziphuthumayo.
- Njengemiphumela emibi ngemuva kokusebenzisa ama-GMOs, umuntu une-rashes esikhunjeni ngesimo se-urticaria, izingxenye zomzimba ziyavuvukala, umfutho wegazi wehla kakhulu, ukulunywa kanye nokuphefumula kancane kungenzeka. Lokhu ukusabela komzimba nomuthi, okuthi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile kunyamalale wedwa ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezokwelapha. Uma isimo siqhubeka, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho.
- Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuthatha amalungiselelo e-insulin kwabanesifo sikashukela, umzimba uvame ukuphuma emzimbeni, umuntu uhlangabezana nokuntuleka koketshezi, isifiso sokudla, ukuvuvukala ezingalweni nasemilenzeni kuyavela, futhi ukuzwela kuhlala kuzwakala. Izimpawu ezinjalo zivame ukuhamba ngokushesha futhi zingaphindi.
Iziphakamiso zokusebenzisa umuthi
Ngaphambi kokuphathwa kwe-insulin, ama-GMO kudingeka ahlolwe ukuze kubonakale ukuthi awukho yini obala kanye nokungatholakali kwezinto zangaphandle kulolo ketshezi. Uma kuvela izinto zakwamanye amazwe, i-turbidity noma i-precipation kulo muthi, i-vial kumele ilahlwe - umuthi awulungele ukusetshenziswa.
I-insulin esetshenzisiwe kumele ibe ngaphansi kokushisa kwasekamelweni. Umthamo we-hormone kumele ulungiswe uma onesifo sikashukela enesifo esithathelwanayo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-thyroid, isifo se-Addison, i-hypopituitarism nesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona. Ukuqapha kufanele futhi kusetshenziswe lapho ukhetha umthamo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komuntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65.
Ukuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemia kungenzeka nge-overdose yesidakamizwa, esimeni sokushintshwa kohlobo olusha lwe-insulin, ngenxa yokweqa ukudla noma ukweqisa ngokomzimba. Futhi iphutha kungaba yizifo ezinciphisa isidingo sehomoni - izinga elinamandla lesifo sezinso, isifo sesibindi, ukuncipha kwe-thyroid, i-adrenal cortex, ne-pituitary gland.
- Ukwehla okukhulu ushukela wegazi kungenzeka ngokushintshwa kwendawo yomjovo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukushintsha kusuka kuloluhlobo olulodwa lwe-insulin futhi kuphela ngemuva kwesivumelwano nodokotela ohambelayo.
- Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela esebenzisa i-insulin esebenza ngokufushane, kwesinye isikhathi umthamo wezicubu ezinamafutha uyancipha endaweni yomjovo noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uyanda. Ukuvimbela lokhu, umjovo kufanele wenziwe ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bazi ukuthi izidingo ze-insulin zingahluka phakathi kwama-trimesters ahlukene okukhulelwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwenza isivivinyo sikashukela segazi nsuku zonke nge-glucometer.
Isenzo se-insulin emzimbeni womuntu sichazwa ngokuningiliziwe kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko.
