Ama-carbohydrate angumhlinzeki wamandla osemqoka womzimba. Ushukela oyinkimbinkimbi ungena emzimbeni womuntu ngokudla; ngaphansi kwesenzo sama-enzyme, agqekeza abe lula. Uma ingane inezimpawu ze-glucose ephezulu yegazi, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha. Kufanele wazi ukuthi unganikela kanjani ngegazi ushukela enganeni yonyaka owodwa.
Inani elithile likashukela enegazi lingena emangqamuzaneni ukuze lihlanganyele ku-metabolism futhi libanikeze amandla. Okokuqala, amangqamuzana obuchopho anikezwa amandla. Inani elisele likashukela lifakwa esibindini.
Ngokuntuleka kweglucose, umzimba uyikhiqiza kumaseli wayo amanoni, kwezinye izimo kusuka kumaphrotheni emisipha. Le nqubo ayiphephile, ngoba kwakheka imizimba ye-ketone - imikhiqizo enobuthi yokuwohloka kwamafutha.
Imininingwane Eyisisekelo
Isifo sikashukela siyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu egcwele izinkinga eziningi. Njengomthetho, ukwelashwa kwenziwa nge-endocrinologist noma udokotela wezingane. Udokotela unikeza izincomo ngamaphethini okulala nokudla.
Udokotela kumele anqume ngokushesha ukuthi uzokwenzenjani. Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose, i.e. ushukela ongena ngokulayisha ushukela, kanye nokuzimisela nge-glycosylated hemoglobin (ushukela kanye ne-hemoglobin) kungadingeka.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sinezimpawu zokuphawuleka:
- ukoma okukhulu
- ukukhuphuka kwenani lomchamo wansuku zonke,
- isifiso esinamandla
- ukozela nobuthakathaka
- ukunciphisa umzimba
- ukujuluka.
Uma kunesici esisodwa noma eziningi zalezi ezilandelayo, udinga ukubheka ngokufanele inani le-glucose egazini:
- ngokweqile
- isakhi sofuzo
- ukunciphisa ukungatheleleki
- isisindo sengane engaphezu kwama-4.5 kg ngokuzalwa.
Kwezinye izimo, isifo sikashukela senzeka ezinganeni njengesifo esinjengalesi. Izici zomzimba wengane ziningi kangangokuba kuthathwa inani elithile le-insulin ngenani elincane lama-carbohydrate alisebenzisayo, kuthi ngemuva kwamahora amabili kube nokujwayelekile ushukela ekunciphiseni.
Kepha lapho kusetshenziswa inani elilinganisayo lama-carbohydrate, avuselela ukukhishwa okubalulekile kwe-insulin, ukukhipha amandla pancreatic, futhi lesi sifo singabonakala nakho konke ukubonakaliswa kwesimilo. Kulezi zingane, umthetho oyisisekelo ukulawula ukungena kwazo kwe-carbohydrate.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi udle ngokwejwayelekile, futhi ungavumeli imithwalo kumanyikwe.
Kwenziwa kanjani isifo sikashukela enganeni?
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izingane kudingeka zigadiwe ngokuhlelekile, ngoba noma ucwaningo olujwayelekile aluhlali luqinisekisa impilo. Noma uphawu lokuqala lwesimpawu sikashukela kufanele lube yisizathu sokuya kudokotela.
Lokhu kungagwenywa uma wazi izimpawu. Enye yezimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela ukoma okwandayo isiguli esikuzwa njalo. Ababelethi kufanele bahlole isisindo sengane, ngoba ingancipha ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo.
Umthamo wansuku zonke womchamo ngonyaka 1 kufanele ube amalitha ayi-2-3. Uma ngaphezulu - lesi yisikhathi sokubonana nodokotela. Ukuchama ebusuku ngaphandle kokuzithandela kubonwa njengenye yezimpawu zesifo sikashukela.
Ngenxa yokwephulwa kohlelo lwe-endocrine, izingane ezinonyaka owodwa zingaba nezinkinga zokugaya:
- isifo sohudo
- isicanucanu
- ukuqunjelwa.
Lokhu kuhlupha ingane njalo, ekhonjiswa ngemizwa nokukhala.
Naphezu kwezimpawu ezisobala, akuvamile ukuba ubone ukuthi isifo sikashukela siyakha. Ingane eneminyaka engu-1 ubudala nengaphansi manje ngeke isho ukuthi yini ekhathaza, futhi abazali kufanele basiqaphe njalo isimo sakhe.
Uma kunokusola okuncane, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi unganikela kanjani ngegazi lengane ukuze unqume amazinga kashukela. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izifo ezinjalo kulula ukuzivimbela kunokuzama ukwelapha.
Kunezizathu ezithile zokuthi kungani isifo sikashukela singenzeka. Okokuqala, lokhu kusengaphambili kofuzo. Amathuba okugula enganeni akhuphuka uma umama enesifo sikashukela.
Bandisa ingozi yokungenwa yizifo ezingamagciwane ezihlaselwa ingane. imvamisa imbangela yokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine ilele ngqo kwizifo, ngoba amanyikwe aphazamiseka ngenxa yawo.
Imininingwane yezokwelapha iphakamisa ukuthi izingane, ezivame ukugula izifo ezithathelanayo, zinamathuba amaningi okuthi kamuva zibe nesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzimba ngenxa yokufana kwamaseli wegciwane namaseli we-pancreatic, uthatha indlala yesitha bese uqala ukulwa nayo. Lokhu kuyithinta kabi impilo yengane kanye nesimo sayo esengeziwe.
Isisindo sengane sithinta izehlakalo zesifo sikashukela. Uma ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane isisindo sayo sidlule ku-4,5 kg, khona-ke siwela endaweni yobungozi. Ingane enjalo kufanele inethuba eliphezulu lokuthola isifo sikashukela ngokuzayo. Odokotela babika ukuthi izingane ezizalwa zinesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu amane mancane amathuba okuba zithole le-endocrine pathology.
Amathuba okuthuthukisa i-pathology nawo athinteka yizici zokudla kwengane. Abazali kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi ingane ayidli imikhiqizo kafulawa, ikakhulukazi:
- isinkwa
- ukudla okumnandi
- pasta.
Akuvunyelwe kule minyaka ukudla ukudla okunamafutha okudala umonakalo ongalungiseki wokugaya.
Imikhiqizo efakwe kuhlu inyusa ushukela wegazi. Kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho ngokudla.
Ushukela wegazi
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi likashukela enganeni kunquma izinga likashukela, okuwumthombo wamandla obalulekile womzimba.
Kunamazinga athile wamazinga kashukela. Ngonyaka, ingane kufanele ibe nezinkomba kusuka ku-2.78 - 4.4 mmol / L. Eminyakeni engu-2-6 yeminyaka, okujwayelekile ngu-3.3 - 5 mmol / l. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-6, 3.3 - 7.8 mmol / L ngemuva kokudla noma ukuthatha isixazululo sikashukela.
Izifundo ezinjalo ziyadingeka uma ingane:
- ngokweqile
- inezihlobo ezinesifo sikashukela
- ekuzalweni kwakunesisindo esingaphezu kwama-4.5 kg.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwegazi likashukela ezinganeni kuyadingeka uma kunezimpawu ezinjalo:
- ukuchama njalo
- ukoma okungapheli
- ukubaluleka kokudla okumnandi ekudleni,
- ubuthakathaka ngemuva kokudla,
- spekes in appetite kanye nemood,
- ukunciphisa isisindo ngokushesha.
Esimweni esejwayelekile, kunama-hormone ambalwa egazini alawula ukukhiqizwa koshukela:
- i-insulin - ekhishwa ngamanyikwe, yehlisa izinga likashukela egazini,
- i-glucagon - ekhishwa ngamanyikwe, inyusa amazinga kashukela,
- ama-catecholamines athunyelwa izindlala ze-adrenal, andisa amazinga kashukela,
- indlala ye-adrenal ikhiqiza i-cortisol, ilawula ukukhiqizwa koshukela,
- I-ACTH, evikelwe i-pituitary gland, ivuselela ama-cortisol nama-catecholamine mahormone.
Izizathu zokuphambuka kwezinkomba
Njengomthetho, isifo sikashukela sikhombisa ukwanda ushukela kumchamo nasegazini. Kepha, kwezinye izimo, ukwanda kokuhlushwa ushukela kuyathinteka:
- isithuthwane
- ingcindezi nokuzivocavoca komzimba,
- ukudla ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa,
- ukuphambuka ekusebenzeni kwezindlala ze-adrenal,
- ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-diuretic ne-hormonal.
Ukwehla ushukela wegazi kungaba:
- ukuphazamiseka kwesibindi, okubangelwa izifo ezitholakalayo noma ezihlangeneyo,
- ukuzila ukudla isikhathi eside,
- ukuphuza utshwala
- ukuqunjelwa,
- Ama-pathologies emithambo
- isimila se-pancreatic,
- imithamo engafanele ye-insulin ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela,
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo nama-neuroses.
Ukuhlaziywa
Abazali, njengomthetho, banesifiso sendlela yokulungiselela ukunikela ngegazi ngoshukela. Igazi likashukela lithathwa esiswini esingenalutho. Ukudla kungathinta ubuqiniso bocwaningo. Akufanele udle okungenani amahora ayisishiyagalombili.
Ukulungiselela futhi kuqukethe ukuphika ukudla kwengane nokunikeza kuphela amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingane ayidingi ukuxubha amazinyo ayo, ngoba kukhona ushukela endaweni yamazinyo, angangena egazini ngezinsini. Kuthinta ngqo ukuthembeka komphumela.
Abazali banesifiso sokuthi udokotela ulithatha kuphi ushukela ushukela ezinganeni ezincane. Ezimweni eziningi, igazi lithathwa ngoshukela ezinganeni ezilebhu. Ukunqunywa kwezinga leshukela egazini le-capillary kusuka emunweni nakho kungenziwa kusetshenziswa i-glucometer. Ingane enonyaka owodwa ingathathwa esithendeni noma ezinzwaneni.
Unganikela kanjani ngegazi ushukela enganeni 1 ngonyaka? Ngemuva kokudla ukudla, ama-carbohydrate agobhoza ama-monosugars alula emathunjini, futhi ayangenwa. Amahora ambalwa ngemuva kokudla kumuntu ophile, yi-glucose kuphela ezoba segazini.
Nikela ngegazi ushukela ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni. Ingane yenqatshelwe ukuphuza okuningi futhi uthathe noma yikuphi ukudla cishe amahora ayi-10. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane izolile futhi ayihlanganyeli ukuzivocavoca umzimba ngalesi sikhathi.
Uma ingane ithathe igazi esiswini esingenalutho, khona-ke imiphumela kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-4,4 mmol / l lapho inonyaka owodwa ubudala. Lapho uhlaziya ingane engaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu - umphumela kufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-5 mmol / l. kusuka eminyakeni engu-5.
Uma inkomba inyuke futhi ingaphezulu kuka-6.1 mmol / l, udokotela uphawula ukuthi isifo sikashukela singabonakala. Kulokhu, ukuhlaziya kwesibili kuhanjiswa ukuthola izinkomba ngokunembile.
Udokotela wakho angakuyala ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin glycated. Imikhuba yayo yezingane ifinyelela ku-5.7%. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwenziwa emitholampilo kahulumeni, ezibhedlela nasezibhedlela ezizimele. Lapho bazotshela abazali ukuthi banganikela kanjani ngegazi.
I-glucose egazini yengane iyinkomba ebalulekile ekhombisa isimo se-metabolism kanye nempilo ejwayelekile.
Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezivivinyo kuzokwenza ukuthi kube nokuzethemba empilweni yengane. Uma izinkomba ziphambukile kulokho okujwayelekile, kumele kwenziwe imizamo yokuzibuyisela esimweni esijwayelekile, zingalindele ukwakheka kwezinkinga ezinzima kanye nokuqashelwa okungekuhle.
Imithetho yokuhlolelwa ushukela wegazi ichazwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
