Kuhlobo lwe-mellitus yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2, kuyadingeka ukunamathela ekwelashweni kokudla okwenziwe yi-endocrinologist. Kususelwa ekukhetheni kokudla ngokwenkomba yabo ye-glycemic index (GI). Leli nani lizokhombisa ukuthi ushukela ungena ngokushesha kangakanani egazini ngemuva kokudla noma isiphuzo esithile. Imenyu yakheka kusuka kumikhiqizo enenani eliphansi.
Umkhiqizo ngamunye unenkomba ye-insulin (AI). Kulokhu, okuphambene nalokho, ukudla okuvezwa inani eliphakeme kubaluleke kakhulu. Ibonisa ukukhuthaza kokukhiqizwa kwe-pancreatic insulin kumkhiqizo odliwayo. Ama-AI amakhulu kunawo wonke anemikhiqizo yobisi nobisi olunoshukela.
Ngaphezu kokukhetha imikhiqizo efanelekile yokudla, kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukulandela imigomo yokupheka nokudla. Lo mbhalo unikeza imininingwane yokuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani izitsha zohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ezivela ku-endocrinologist, futhi kunikezwa izincomo zikadokotela ngokuhambisana nokwelashwa kokudla.
Imithetho yokudla okunempilo evela ku-endocrinologist
Ukwelashwa ngokudla kungumgomo oyinhloko wokulwa nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, esingeke sivumele ukuguqulelwa kwalesi sifo kube uhlobo oluthembele ku-insulin. Kuyadingeka ukugwema ukubulawa yindlala nokudla ngokweqile, izingxenye ezincane, ukudla okunefrikhwensi, izikhathi ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha ngosuku, kungcono ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ibhalansi yamanzi iyingxenye yanoma yikuphi ukudla. Izinga lansuku zonke kusuka kumalitha amabili. Ungabala futhi ngamunye, ngekhalori ngalinye elidliwayo, udililitha owodwa we-ketshezi udakiwe. Kunconywa ukuphuza amanzi ahlanziwe, itiye, ikhofi ne-cocoa emisiwe. Ijusi yezithelo, umpe, ijeli ku-starch kuvinjelwe.
Imenyu yansuku zonke kufanele ifake okusanhlamvu, imikhiqizo yobisi, inyama noma inhlanzi, imifino nezithelo. Lapho kulungiswa izitsha zesifo sikashukela, ukwelashwa okushisa okuthile kuvunyelwe.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokupheka zivunyelwe:
- kwabashadikazi;
- kumpheki ohamba kancane;
- ubilise;
- isiphuzo epanini, nezindleko eziphansi zika-oyela yemifino;
- kwi-grill;
- kuhhavini.
Ukugoqa kuvinjelwe, ngoba kwakha i-cholesterol embi emikhiqizweni yenyama, isitsha siphulukana ngokuphelele nenani layo lokudla okunempilo. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakha nezinongo, kunalokho, kunconyelwa iziguli. Isibonelo, i-turmeric ngeke inikeze kuphela ukudla hhayi ukunambitheka okumnandi, kodwa futhi kuzosiza ekulweni ne-glucose eyengeziwe egazini.
Ukudla kokugcina, ngokusho kwama-endocrinologists, akufanele kwenziwe kungaphansi kwamahora amabili ngaphambi kokulala. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi isidlo sinamakhalori aphansi futhi sinokugaya kalula. Ukudla okufanele kokugcina kungaba ingilazi yomkhiqizo wobisi olubilisiwe obisini lwenkomo. Okususelwa ebisini lobisi lwembuzi akunqatshelwe kuhlobo lwe-1 lwesifo sikashukela, kepha kuphakeme ngama-kilojoule, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ekuseni.
Imikhiqizo elandelayo kufanele ilahlwe ngokwezigaba:
- ushukela, amaswidi, amalulwane;
- inyama enamafutha, inhlanzi nenhlanzi isaphulelo (ubisi, i-caviar);
- imajarini, ukhilimu omuncu, ibhotela;
- amazambane, ama-parsnips, ama-beet abilisiwe kanye izaqathi;
- ukubhaka ufulawa kakolweni - kungakuhle ukubuyisa esikhundleni sokudla kwama-rolls wesinkwa, isinkwa se-rye;
- izithelo namajikijolo, umpe;
- ikhabe, ikhabe, i-Persimmon, amagilebhisi;
- izinsuku, omisiwe;
- imayonesi, amasoso esitolo;
- utshwala buyaphuza.
Uphuzo oludakayo luthinta kabi ukusebenza kwesibindi, lubheka utshwala njengobuthi futhi luvimbele ukuphuma kwe-glucose emzimbeni. Le nto iyingozi kubantu besifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 abajova nge-insulin. Ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokuphuza utshwala, udinga ukwenqaba noma ukunciphisa umjovo we-hormone ukuze ungavuseleli i-hypoglycemia.
Ngokulandela le mithetho, umuntu uzosusa izinkinga ngoshukela omkhulu wegazi. Kufanele ufunde ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani imikhiqizo yemenyu nge-GI yazo.
I-Glycemic Index (GI) yemikhiqizo
Ukudla kwakhiwa ngokudla neziphuzo okuyisinkomba yazo ebangeni eliphansi. Ukudla okunjalo akukuthinti ukugcwala kweglucose egazini. Ukudla okunenkomba ejwayelekile kwesinye isikhathi kuvunyelwe kumenyu, kepha kungabi ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kuya kathathu ngesonto, kuncike ekuxolelweni, inani lokudla okunjalo lifinyelela ku-150 amagremu.
Imikhiqizo enesilinganiso esiphakeme iyingozi hhayi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela kuphela, kodwa nakubantu abaphilile ngokuphelele. Aqukethe ama-carbohydrate asheshe agayeke, kubantu abavamile abizwa nangokuthi "okungenalutho" ama-carbohydrate, anikeza kancane umuzwa wokugcwala futhi abe nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwezicubu ze-adipose.
Kwezinye izimo, i-GI ingakhuphuka. Uma ujusi wenziwe ngamajikijolo, izithelo ngesilinganiso esiphansi, khona-ke kuzoba ne-GI ephezulu. Le nto ichazwa kalula nje - ngale ndlela yokucubungula, i-fiber ilahlekile, ebhekele ukungenisa kancane kancane i-glucose emzimbeni. Okunye okuhlukile kusebenza ku-izaqathe kanye nama-beet. Ngefomu elisha, odokotela bayabavumela ukuthi bafakwe ekudleni kwansuku zonke, kepha benqabe ngokuphelele ukukuphekela.
Ibanga lokuhlukaniswa kwe-GI:
- isilinganiso esiphansi sisuka kumayunithi angama-0 kuye kwangama-49 afakiwe;
- inani eliyisilinganiso elifinyelela kumayunithi angama-69;
- inani eliphakeme lamayunithi angama-70 noma ngaphezulu.
Ngamayunithi amaningana, inkomba ingakhuphuka kuzithelo namajikijolo uma ayihlanganisiwe (iletha esimweni esingenamsoco).
Izifundo zesibili
Ama-endocrinologists agcizelela ukuthi ingxenye yokudla ihlala imifino njengosobho, izitsha eziseceleni, amasaladi. Kungcono ukubeka imikhiqizo ekwelashweni okushisa okuncane. Ukunambitha kungaba imifino ehlukahlukene - i-basil, i-arugula, isipinashi, iparsley, i-dill, i-oregano.
Amasaladi angcono kakhulu isidlo esiphakeme. Kufanele zifakwe umhluzi nge-ukhilimu omuncu ongaphakeme, uwoyela wemifino noma ushizi we-pasty cottage onama-0%. Pheka ngokushesha ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.
Isaladi elinempilo lenziwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Udinga ukusika i-avocado eyodwa ibe yizicucu, engeza amagremu ayi-100 we-arugula ne-chop chop yenkukhu ebilisiwe, usawoti kanye ne-drizzle ngejusi kalamula. Gcwalisa konke ngamafutha omnqumo. Isitsha esinjalo siyojabulisa hhayi abagulayo kuphela, kodwa futhi sizoba umhlobiso wanoma yiliphi ithebula lemikhosi.
Ngokuvamile, i-arugula isibe isithako esibalulekile ezitsheni eziningi ezenziwa ezindaweni zokudlela ezibizayo. Inambitha kakhulu futhi inesithambiso esinothile samavithamini. Amahlamvu ahamba kahle ngokudla kwasolwandle. Ngakho-ke, "isaladi" yolwandle "ilungiselelwe kusuka kuzithako ezilandelayo:
- Amagremu ayi-100 e-arugula;
- utamatisi amahlanu we-cherry;
- iminqumo eyishumi eyakhiwe;
- imfanzi eyishumi;
- ikota yelamula;
- i-olive noma amanye ama-oyili acolisisiwe;
- usawoti ukunambitha.
Sika utamatisi kanye neminqumo ngesigamu, ugxobhoze isimbali emanzini abilayo anosawoti okwemizuzu emibili, bese ikhasi bese ufaka inyama emifino.
Hlanganisa zonke izithako, hlikihla ijusi kusuka kulamula bese ufafaza isaladi kuyo, inkathi ngamafutha zemifino nosawoti. Govuza kahle. Isitsha esinjalo singabhekwa njengesidlo sasekuseni esigcwele soshukela.
Isaladi yemifino elondlayo elibizwa ngokuthi "i-assortment yemifino" ngenxa yokwakheka liqukethe amavithamini amaningi kanye namaminerali, kanti isikhathi eside inikeza umuzwa wokuphefumula, obalulekile kubantu abakhuluphele.
Izithako ezilandelayo zizodingeka "ngencwadi yemifino":
- ubhontshisi obomvu obilisiwe - amagremu angama-200;
- anyanisi owodwa obomvu;
- isixha sezimbali;
- ama-champignons noma amanye amakhowe - 200 amagremu;
- utamatisi we-cherry - izingcezu ezinhlanu;
- ukhilimu omuncu ongaphakeme - amagremu ayi-150;
- ulethisi;
- ama-crackers - amagremu ayi-100.
Okokuqala udinga ukwenza ama-crackers akho - usike i-rye noma isinkwa se-bran sibe ngamakhubalo amancane bese womile kuhhavini, imizuzu engaba ngamashumi amabili lapho izinga lokushisa liyi-150 C, ngezikhathi ezithile uzivuse.
Sika u-anyanisi obomvu ube izindandatho ezingxenyeni bese ucwilisa isigamu sehora uviniga, uvinjelwe eyodwa kuya koyodwa emanzini. Sika ama-champignon zibe izingxenye ezine bese gazinga emafutheni wemifino ngaphansi kwesivalo, usawoti kanye nopelepele.
Sika i-cherry ngesigamu, engeza amakhowe, amakhambi oqoshiwe, ubhontshisi obilisiwe, u-anyanisi ocwilisiwe kanye noshizi ngo-cheesecloth, faka isaladi ngo-ukhilimu omuncu, hlanganisa kahle. Khonza ngemuva kokubeka isidlo kumahlamvu ulethisi.
Umthetho owodwa okufanele ukhunjulwe ukuthi isaladi ligawulwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokukhonza, ukuze abapheki bangabi nesikhathi sokuthambisa.
Izitsha zenyama nenyama
Inyama iqukethe amaprotheni ezilwane abalulekile emzimbeni. Ngohlobo 1 nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, lo mkhiqizo kufanele ube kwimenyu nsuku zonke. Kufanele ukhethe inyama engenamafutha, ususe isikhumba namafutha kuyo. Azinazo izinto ezizuzisayo, ama-cholesterol amabi kuphela nokuqukethwe kwekhalori ephezulu. I-GI yemikhiqizo yenyama iphansi impela, ngokwesibonelo, inkomba ye-glycemic turkey amayunithi ayi-zero.
Umhluzi wesobho akufanele ulungiselelwe kusuka enyameni. Izazi ze-Endocrinologists zeluleka ukwenza amasobho kumhluzi wemifino noma inyama, kodwa owesibili. Okusho ukuthi, ngemuva kokubiliswa kokuqala kwenyama, amanzi ayakhishwa bese kuthululwa okusha, lapho kuphekwe khona inyama bese kulungiswa indishi ewuketshezi iyaqhubeka.
Inkolelo yesikhathi eside yokuthi ibele lezinkukhu liyinyama enhle kunazo zonke yohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Ososayensi bakwamanye amazwe bakufakazisile ukuthi imilenze yenkukhu nayo ilusizo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, banesilinganiso esikhuphukile sensimbi.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zenyama kanye ne-offal zivunyelwe:
- izigwaca;
- i-turkey;
- inyama yenkukhu;
- inyama yenkomo;
- inyamazane;
- inyama yamahhashi;
- isibindi senkukhu;
- ulimi lwenyama yenkomo, isibindi, amaphaphu.
I-quail ingaphekwa kuhhavini nakupheka kancane. Indlela yokugcina yathandwa kakhulu ngabavakashi, ngoba kuthatha isikhathi esincane. Isidumbu se-Quail kufanele sihlanzwe ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo bese somiswa ngethawula ekhishini, usawoti kanye nopelepele.
Sakaza izigwaca ngo-ukhilimu omuncu onamafutha aphansi, ahlanganiswe nama-clove ambalwa kagalikhi, adlule emaphepheni. Thela isipuni samafutha zemifino kanye nezipuni ezimbalwa zamanzi ahlanziwe phansi kwe-multicooker, beka izigwaca. Pheka imizuzu engama-45 kumodi yokubhaka. Kungenzeka futhi ukulayisha imifino enqunywe kuma-cubes ngasikhathi sinye nenyama (isitshalo seqanda, utamatisi, u-anyanisi), ukuze umphumela ube isidlo senyama esigcwele ngesitsha esisehlangothini.
Inkukhu enesibindi kanye nama-cutlets ama-buckwheat abilisiwe akwehlukanisa ngokuphelele ukudla. Dinga imikhiqizo enjalo:
- isibindi - amagremu angama-300;
- i-buckwheat ebilisiwe - amagremu ayi-100;
- iqanda elilodwa;
- anyanisi owodwa;
- isipuni se-semolina.
Dlulisa isibindi no-anyanisi nge-grinder yenyama noma ugaye ku-blender, engeza i-semolina neqanda, usawoti kanye nopelepele. Fry epanini ngenani elincane lamafutha zemifino noma elithosiwe.
Futhi kusuka e-offal ungalungisa unamathisela abanesifo sikashukela bese uyidla ngesidlo sasemini kanye nesinkwa rye.
Kwividiyo ekulesi sihloko, kunikezwa izincomo zikadokotela ngokudla okunesifo sikashukela.
