Izinga likashukela wegazi elibucayi yilelo okumele ligadwe yibo bonke abantu abanesifo sikashukela.
Iqiniso ngukuthi ukuphambuka okuncane kwezinga le-glucose egazini lesiguli esinjalo phezulu noma phansi kungambulala. Ukwazi izinkomba ezibucayi zoshukela kushukela, ungathatha izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi inkambo yalesi sifo ayiholeli emiphumeleni edabukisayo isiguli.
Umqondo wezinga leshukela elibucayi
Imikhuba yoshukela wegazi imvamisa ama-millimole angama-5.5 ilitha, futhi kufanele ugxile kuwo lapho utadisha imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela. Uma sikhuluma ngenani elibucayi loshukela wegazi ophakeme, khona-ke lokhu kuyinkomba edlula i-7.8 mmol. Ngokuqondene nezinga elehlisiwe - namuhla kuyisibalo esingaphansi kuka-2.8 mmol. Kungemva kokufinyelela lezi zinani emzimbeni womuntu lapho izinguquko ezingenakuphikwa ziqale khona.
Izinga likashukela elibucayi lamamayela ayi-15-17 ilitha ngalinye liholela ekukhuleni kwe-hyperglycemic coma, kuyilapho izizathu zokukhula kwalo ezigulini zingafani. Ngakho-ke, abanye abantu, ngisho noma befika ngamanani ama-millimitha ayi-17 ilitha ngalinye, bazizwa bemuhle futhi bangakhombisi ukonakala okuthe xaxa kwesimo sabo. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu impela ukuthi umuthi usungule amanani angalinganiselwa kuphela angabhekwa njengabulala abantu.
Uma sikhuluma ngemiphumela emibi yezinguquko kushukela wegazi, okubi kakhulu kubona kubhekwa njenge-hyperglycemic coma. Uma isiguli sitholakala sinesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, singakhipha ukomisa ngokuhambisana ne-ketoacidosis. Lapho isifo sikashukela singazimele, i-ketoacidosis ayenzeki, futhi kuqeda ukopha kube munye kuphela kwisiguli. Kunoma ikuphi, zombili lezi zimo zingasongela isiguli ngokufa.
Uma isifo sikashukela sigula kakhulu, kunengozi yokuba ne-ketaciodic coma, evame ukubizwa ngokumelene nesizinda sohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela esenzeka ngemuva kwesifo esithathelwanayo. Imvamisa umfutho wayo wehliswa ushukela wegazi, kuyilapho kuqoshwa izimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukuthuthukiswa okubukhali kokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni;
- ukozela nobuthakathaka besiguli;
- umlomo owomile nesikhumba esomile;
- ukuba khona kwephunga le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni;
- ukuphefumula okunomsindo nokuphefumula okujulile.
Uma ushukela wegazi ufinyelela uphawu lwe-55 mmol, isiguli sikhonjiswa esibhedlela ngokuphuthumayo, ngaphandle kwalokho angavele afe. Esimweni esifanayo, lapho izinga likashukela wegazi lehlisiwe, ubuchopho “obusebenza” kushukela bunokuhlaselwa yilokhu. Kulokhu, ukuhlaselwa kungenzeka ngokungalindelekile, futhi kuzobonakala ngokuthuthumela, ukubanda, isiyezi, ubuthakathaka emilenzeni kanye nokujuluka.
Kunoma yikuphi, i-ambulensi lapha nayo ngeke yanele.
Izindlela zosizo lokuqala
Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sezimpawu ezibucayi ezivela esigulini lungabonwa kuphela yi-endocrinologist enolwazi, noma kunjalo, uma isiguli sazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi sinesifo sikashukela sanoma yiluphi uhlobo, i-malaise yaso akufanele ifaniswe nesifo, esifana nesisu, kodwa siphuthumayo izindlela zokusindisa impilo yakhe.
Isilinganiso esisebenzayo uma kwenzeka ukuqalwa kwe-hyperglycemic coma ukwethulwa kwe-insulin esebenza ngokufushane ngaphansi kwesikhumba sesiguli. Esimweni esifanayo, lapho ngemuva kwemijovo emibili isiguli singabuyelanga kokujwayelekile, isidingo esiphuthumayo sokubiza udokotela.
Ngokuqondene nokuziphatha kwesiguli uqobo, kufanele sikwazi ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwamazinga kashukela ajwayelekile futhi abucayi futhi, ngokususelwa kuzinkomba ezitholakalayo, ukuphatha imithamo ye-insulin uma kwenzeka kune-hyperglycemia. Kulokhu, umuntu akufanele acabangele ukuba khona kwe-acetone egazini lakhe. Ukuze wethule umthamo owuthandayo ukunciphisa isimo sesiguli, izivivinyo ezisheshayo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola izinga likashukela egazini lakhe.
Indlela elula yokubala izinga likashukela wokulungisa wethamo le-insulin ukuphatha i-1 unit ye-insulin ngokungeziwe lapho izinga likashukela wegazi lenyuswa ngamamilimitha ayi-1.5-2,5. Uma isiguli siqala ukuthola i-acetone, leli nani le-insulin lizodinga ukuphindwa kabili.
Umthamo wokulungisa ngqo ungakhethwa kuphela udokotela ngaphansi kwemibandela yokuqapha emitholampilo, okubandakanya ukuthatha igazi ngezikhathi ezithile kwiziguli ngoshukela.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ezijwayelekile
Isayensi yezokwelapha yanamuhla isungule eminye imithetho yokuvimbela umuntu onesifo sikashukela okufanele ayithobele, ngokwesibonelo, lokhu kufaka:
- Ukuqagela ukuba khona njalo kwamalungiselelo kashukela abekwe udokotela wakho
- Ukwenqaba esimweni esizinzile kusuka ekusebenziseni amaswidi namanye ama-carbohydrate ashesha ukugaya.
- Ukwenqaba ukuphuza utshwala, ukubhema, i-yoga yabanesifo sikashukela noma omunye umdlalo, ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo.
- Ukuqashwa ngezikhathi ezithile kohlobo nenani le-insulin elethwa emzimbeni. Kumele zihambisane kahle namanani eglucose egazini lesiguli.
Ngokwehlukana, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi bonke abantu abanesifo sikashukela nabantu abazimisele ukuthuthuka esikhathini esizayo kumele babe ne-glucometer enembile kakhulu ekhaya. Ngosizo lwayo kuphela lapho kungenzeka, uma kunesidingo, ukwenza isivivinyo esiphuthumayo ukuthola inqanaba lokuqukethwe ushukela egazini lesiguli. Lokhu, nakho, kuzothatha izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokuyandisa noma ukunciphisa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamunye onesifo sikashukela kufanele akwazi ukubala ngokuzimela umthamo we-insulin, futhi kufanele futhi aqeqeshelwe amakhono okuqala okuqala kwawo ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Imijovo elula kunazo zonke yenziwa ngepeni ekhethekile yesirinji. Uma isimo sesiguli singamvumeli ukuthi enze imijovo yedwa, imijovo enjalo kufanele ikwazi ukwenza umndeni wakhe nabangane.
Ngokuqondene namakhambi abantu akhuphuka noma anciphisa ushukela wegazi, kufanele aphathwe ngokucophelela. Iqiniso ngukuthi umzimba womuntu ungaphendula ngokuhlukile ekuphuzeni umuthi owodwa noma omunye wemvelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungaba nemiphumela engakahlelwa ngokuphelele lapho ushukela wegazi uqala “ukugxuma”. Kungcono ukubonisana nodokotela ozokweluleka umuntu noma omunye ukumfakelwa ukuze amukelwe ukuze enze amazinga e-glucose abe ngokwejwayelekile.
Okufanayo kusebenza kumasu ahlukahlukene wemfashini akhangiswe kamuva nje. Iningi labo alikufakazanga ukusebenza kwabo ngokomtholampilo, ngakho-ke kufanele belashwe ngezinga eliphakeme lokungabaza. Kunoma yikuphi, emashumini eminyaka ezayo, akukho okungathatha isikhundla sokwethulwa kwe-insulin, ngakho-ke bazoba yindlela esemqoka yokwelapha iziguli.
Imininingwane ngamazinga kashukela wegazi ajwayelekile inikezwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
