Isifo sikashukela singenye yezifo eziyingozi ze-endocrine ezikhula ngenxa yokwehluleka ekusebenzeni kwamaseli we-beta angena ezicubu ze-pancreatic.
Amaseli we-pancreatic beta anesibopho sokwenza i-insulin emzimbeni. Unesibopho enhlanganweni yenqubo yokungena kweglucose kumaseli wezicubu ezincike kwi-insulin.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ezineminyaka emi-2 ubudala azihlukile kwezimpawu zalesi sifo ezinganeni esezikhulile.
Uma kunezimfuneko zokuqanjwa kokugula, abazali bezingane kumele bazi ukuthi izibonakaliso zokuqala zokuqhubeka kokugula kwengane zingaba yini.
Ukuboniswa kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni
Ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo phambi kwezidingo zengane kungenzeka ngeminyaka ehlukene.
Izibalo zezokwelapha zibonisa ukuthi imvamisa isifo sikashukela lapho kubangwa izimfanelo zofuzo ezibonakalayo eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila kwengane.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi omunye wabazali noma bobabili ahlaselwe yisifo sikashukela, isifo esikhulayo siba nefomu lokuzalwa. Le ndlela yalesi sifo iyivelakancane. Isifo sikashukela enganeni sibukeka ngenxa yezinkinga ekusebenzeni kohlelo lwe-endocrine.
Ukwephula umthetho kuvame ukuthinta umsebenzi wamanyikwe. Lesi yisitho somuntu esibhekele ukwakhiwa kwe-insulin emzimbeni. Lapho ukwephulwa kwenzeka emsebenzini wakhe, ukwehluleka kwenzeka ezinqubweni eziqinisekisa ukwenzeka kokudla ushukela.
Ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwamaseli we-pancreatic kuholela ekutheni inani le-insulin elikhiqizwe enganeni liyancipha, lesi simo sikhulisa ukwanda kokuxinzeka koshukela egazini plasma.
Isifo sikashukela emantwaneni yisifo esithatha indawo yesibili phakathi kwezifo ezinezimbangela zofuzo zokuzala.
“Isifo esimnandi” enganeni siletha nezinkinga eziningi kakhulu kunabantu abadala. Isizathu ukuthi kunzima ukuthi umzimba omncane onokuphazamiseka ezinqubweni ze-glucose metabolism unxephezele lokhu kuphazamiseka ngenxa yokuthi izindlela zokubuyiselwa kokungasebenzi kahle okunjalo azithuthukiswanga ngokwanele.
Uma ingane igula ngenye yezinhlobo zesifo sikashukela, khona-ke wonke amalungu omndeni kufanele azivumelanise nezimo, ngoba udinga ukulandela imithetho ethile yendlela yansuku zonke kanye nohlelo oluthile lokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukunamathela ekudleni okuthile.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus ezinganeni siphazamisa ngokuphelele yonke imisebenzi ehlobene ne-metabolism, kubandakanya hhayi i-carbohydrate kuphela, kepha futhi ne-protein, fat, mineral kanye ne-salt-salt metabolism.
Ukwephulwa okwenzeka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezinqubo ze-metabolic kuholela ekukhuleni kwezifo ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni ezihlanganisa impilo yengane.
Izinhlobo "zokugula ushukela" ezinganeni
Enganeni, lesi sifo, njengabantu abadala, singakhula ngezinhlobo ezimbili. Isifo sikashukela enganeni sikwazi ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo zokuqala nezesibili.
Ababelethi kufanele bazi ukuthi bazilapha kanjani lezi zifo, badinga ukutadisha izindlela zokuqinisa isimo somzimba wengane. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhula kwezinkinga ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni, ezingayinzima kakhulu impilo yengane.
Umphumela wokuthuthukiswa kokungasebenzi kahle kwe-pancreatic uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela 1, esibonakala ngokukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-insulin.
I-hormone yinto esetshenziswayo eqinisekisa inkambo ejwayelekile yezinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni, ngenkathi umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukulawula ukungena kweshukela emangqamuzaneni e-insulin-tishu. Njengoba ukuntuleka kwe-insulin engangeneki kudinga ukunxeshezelwa ngokujova izidakamizwa eziqukethe le-hormone, lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni lubizwa ngokuthi "olukuncono lwe-insulin".
Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela lubonakala ngokubonakala kwezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukwehla okukhulu kwesisindo;
- ukoma okukhulu;
- ubuthakathaka
- ukozela
- Ukukhathazeka
- ukuvakasha kaningi endlini yokugezela;
- ukuvela kwesikhunta sesikhumba esingaphathwa kahle.
Isici sokuqalwa kokukhiqizwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 emzimbeni wezingane, esingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2, ukunqophela okuphezulu kwalesi sifo kanye nobunzima bokusithola zisencane.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sithinta izingane kaningi kakhulu kunohlobo lokuqala lokugula. Lolu hlobo lwesifo lubonakala kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile, kepha eminyakeni yamuva nje seluvame kakhulu ebuntwaneni.
Iqembu lengcuphe lifaka izingane ezinezinkinga ngokweqile, amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol "emibi", ukukhuluphala kwesibindi, i-arterial hypertension.
Lapho kunezinkinga ezinjalo ezinganeni, abazali kufanele baqondise imizamo yabo yokuziqeda.
Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela okukhula enganeni, ukubonakala kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo kuwuphawu:
- Ekuqaleni kwesifo - ukoma kancane noma akukho, ukuxilongwa kungenziwa ngokuhlaziywa.
- Izikhalazo ngokubuka okufiphele, ukuncipha kokuzwela kwemilenze, ukwenzeka kwezinkinga nezinso, inhliziyo;
- Cishe zonke iziguli zikhuluphele ngokweqile, ezingancipha ekuqaleni kwesifo.
Emantombazaneni, ushukela uvame ukuhlanganiswa nokuboniswa kwe-polycystic ovary syndrome.
Kungani ingane iba nesifo sikashukela?
Imvamisa abantu bacabanga ukuthi imbangela yalesi sifo ibangelwa ukukhubazeka komzimba, yize lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele.
Uma ingane ikhombe izici eziningi zobungozi ezifaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni nasekuqhubekeni kwesifo, khona-ke amathuba okuqala kwalesi sifo akhuphuka kakhulu.
Ukuba khona kwengxenye eyodwa noma eziningi zezingozi kuyandisa kakhulu amathuba engane yokuba nesifo sikashukela.
Izici eziyingozi kakhulu ezibangela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni yilezi:
- ukuba khona kwezifo kumzali oyedwa noma bobabili;
- ukuthuthukiswa njalo kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane;
- ukuzalwa kwengane enesisindo esingaphezu kuka-4,5 kg;
- ukuphazamiseka kokuzalwa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic;
- ukungatheleleki okuphansi kakhulu kosanda kuzalwa;
- umsebenzi ophansi womzimba.
Ukukhishwa kwengane kuncane ngokwanele. Lapho kufika iminyaka eyi-10 yokuphila, isisindo sengqangi yengane iphindwe kabili futhi inosayizi ongu-12 cm nesisindo esingaphezu kwama-50 g. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin yi-pancreas kuwumsebenzi obalulekile, ukugcwaliseka okunikezwe umzimba womntwana kuphela ngeminyaka emi-5 yokuphila kwengane. Izingane zithambekele ekwakheni lesi sifo ikakhulukazi phakathi kweminyaka emi-5 nengu-11.
Izinqubo ze-metabolic zenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu enganeni kunasemdala. Ukuphuza ushukela akuyona into ehlukile. Ingane idinga ukusebenzisa ama-10 g ama-carbohydrate nge-1 kg yesisindo ngosuku. Izingane zithanda amaswidi - lokhu kuyisimo esijwayelekile somzimba wazo. Uhlelo lwezinzwa luthinta umsoco wama-carbohydrate, ngalesi sikhathi uhlelo lwezinzwa alwakhiwe ngokuphelele ngakho-ke luyakwazi ukusebenza kahle ohlelweni lokulawulwa kwe-metabolism.
Ingozi yokuthola "isifo sikashukela" ivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezizalwe ngaphambi kosuku olubekiwe. Imbangela enkulu yesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ukutheleleka ngegciwane, okubhubhisa amaseli e-pancreatic akhiqiza i-insulin. Indlela ebalulekile yokuvimbela ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ukugoma kwengane ngesikhathi.
Iminyaka yengane ithinta inkambo yesifo. Omncane umntwana, kuba nzima kakhulu ukunqoba lesi sifo futhi usongo olukhulu lwentuthuko ehlukahlukene yezinkinga.
Uma sekuphakanyisiwe, isifo sikashukela enganeni asikaze sihambeke.
Izimpawu ezibonakala kakhulu zesifo
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sikhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke udinga ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha.
Izimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela enganeni ukoma okungapheli, ukwehla kwesisindo esisheshayo, ukuchama kaningi (ngaphezu kwamalitha angama-2-3 ngosuku), ukudluliswa kwesifo esibuhlungu esihambisana nokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic, ukukhathala okuphezulu, ukugxila okungatheni.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zivame ukubonakala kakhulu ezihlotsheni zegazi. Ngokuqinisekile abazali abanesifo sikashukela ngokuqinisekile bayoba nezingane ezizokwazi ukuthi zitholwe ngenye indlela. Lesi sifo singabonakala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sempilo, kepha kungcono ukusibona esisekuqaleni. Udinga ukulawula ushukela wegazi kwabesifazane abasezikhundleni, ngoba i-placenta iyithatha kahle futhi inqwabelana ekwakheni umzimba wengane.
Amaseli we-insulin aphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-pancreatic. Ukutheleleka okudluliselwa kunomthelela ekuqhubekeni kwesifo sikashukela kuphela ezimweni zenzalo ekhethekile.
Ukudla okuhle kakhulu kuvame ukudala isisindo ngokweqile. Lokhu kufaka imikhiqizo ye-carbohydrate egayeka kalula: ushukela, amaswidi, ufulawa, imikhiqizo chocolate. Uma uvame ukuthatha imikhiqizo enjalo, khona-ke ipancreas iyawohloka. Ukwehla kancane kancane kwamaseli we-insulin kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi iyeka ukukhiqizwa.
Ukungasebenzi kuhambisana nesisindo ngokweqile. Futhi ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kuthuthukisa umkhiqizo wamaseli akhiqiza i-insulin. Kuyasiza ukujwayela ukwelashwa kokuzivocavoca ngesifo sikashukela, esifanele izingane ezinempilo nabazali bazo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ushukela osegazini uvamile.
Amasosha omzimba, lapho ebhekene nokutheleleka, uqala ukukhiqiza ama-antibodies ukuze acindezele. Uma izimo ezinjalo zivame, khona-ke uhlelo luyaphela amandla, futhi ukungavikeleki kulahlekelwa ukuqina kwalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, amasosha omzimba azilimaza, njengoba asetshenziselwa umsebenzi onjalo.
Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-pancreas, bese ekugcineni kukhiqizwa i-insulin.
Imiphumela yokungasiphathi lesi sifo
Uma uqala "isifo esimnandi", ungahle ube nesifo sikashukela.
Isifo sikashukela sesifo sikashukela yisimo somzimba lapho kunokukhuphuka okukhulu kokuxinaniswa koshukela emzimbeni ngokukhiqiza okunganele kwe-insulin emzimbeni.
Ukuntuleka kwale-hormone kuholela ekwandeni kokuxineka kwe-glucose egazini kanye nokuntuleka kweglucose ezicutshini ezincike e-insulin, ezihluleka ukudonsa ushukela ngaphandle kokubakhona kwe-insulin.
Ekuphenduleni "ukulamba" komzimba, isibindi siqala ukwakheka kwe-glucose (gluconeogeneis) nemizimba ye-ketone evela ku-acetyl-CoA, okuholela ekukhuleni kwe-ketosis, kanye nokwelashwa okunganele kwemizimba ye-ketone kanye nokwanda kwe-acidosis kanye nokukhula kwe-ketoacidosis. Ukuqongelelwa kwemikhiqizo ye-metabolic engaphansi kwe-oxidized, ikakhulukazi i-lactate, kuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-lactic acidosis.
Kwezinye izimo, ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic gross kuholela ekukhuleni kwe-hyperosmolar coma.
Isigaxa sikashukela asikhuli ngokushesha, umphambi waso uyisimo se-precomatose. Isiguli siqala ukoma kakhulu, ikhanda kanye nobuthakathaka, ukungaphatheki kahle esiswini, okuhambisana nokufikelwa isicanucanu futhi, kaningi, ukuhlanza. Umfutho wegazi wehla, izinga lokushisa lomzimba lingaphansi kwesijwayelekile. Lapha sidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwe-coma yesifo sikashukela kanye ne-ambulensi.
Isifo sikashukela esinesifo sikashukela singenzeka isikhathi eside - icala elide kunazo zonke emlandweni wokuhlala kweziguli kulesi simo kungaphezu kwamashumi amane eminyaka.
Kwividiyo ekulesi sihloko, uDkt Komarovsky uzokutshela konke ngesifo sikashukela sengane.
