Isifo sikashukela yi-pathology ehambisana nokuphazamiseka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-14 ubudala zikhula ngokulingana, futhi ingane isikhathi eside ayinaki ushintsho lwesimo sakhe.
Lesi sifo sifakwa eqenjini lokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine, ebonakala ngokuntuleka kwe-insulin, i-hormone yamanyikwe. Lokhu kudala ukwanda njalo koshukela wegazi. I-Pathology iqhubeka njalo futhi ihambisana nokwephulwa kwamaprotheni, i-carbohydrate, i-mineral metabolism.
Into ebalulekile enkingeni yesifo sikashukela ukutholwa kwalesi sifo esifike ngesikhathi.
Izici zesifo sikashukela sabantwana
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus siyindlela engapheli yesistimu ye-endocrine, ibonakala ngokusweleka kwe-insulin. I-insulin yi-hormone ekhethekile yama-pancreas, ihlinzeka ukugeleza koshukela kuwo wonke amaseli omzimba womuntu.
I-insulin ikhipha ushukela ocibilikile osegazini ungene emangqamuzaneni. Ekwakhekeni kwesifo sikashukela, ushukela awunakungena esitokisini, ngakho-ke uhlala egazini, ulimaze. I-glucose ingumthombo oyinhloko wokudla komzimba emzimbeni.
Lapho ukudla kungena emzimbeni, ushukela uguqulwa nakho kube amandla amsulwa, okwenza umzimba ukwazi ukusebenza. Glucose kuphela one-insulin ye-hormone ongangena esitokisini.
Uma kunokuntuleka kwe-insulin emzimbeni, khona-ke ushukela usegazini. Igazi elivela kulokhu likhulu, ngokujwayelekile alikwazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhi zomzimba ngamaseli. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izindonga zemikhumbi ziba zingafinyeleleki futhi zingabi namandla. Lesi simo sisongela ngokuqondile ulwelwesi lwezinzwa.
Isifo sikashukela emntwaneni kuvezwa njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo,
- amanzi nosawoti
- okunamafutha
- amaprotheni
- amaminerali
- carbohydrate metabolism.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene ezingagcini nje ngokuba sína, kodwa futhi ezisongela impilo.
Umuthi wazi izinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sikashukela, ezinokungafani okuthile ngokwe-pathogeneis, ukuthuthukiswa komtholampilo kanye ne-etiology. Indlela yokwelashwa nokulungiswa nayo yehlukile.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela lubangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-insulin. Amanyikwe awakhiqizi ngamanani anele noma awakhiqizi nhlobo. Umzimba awuhambisani nomsebenzi wawo futhi leli nani le-hormone alikwazi ukucubungula inani le-glucose egazini.
Ngesifo, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kuhlale kudingeka, okungukuthi, imijovo yansulin yansuku zonke, ebanjiswa ngenani elibekwe ngokuqinile. Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, i-insulin ikhiqizwa ngamanani alungile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezu kokujwayelekile.
Kepha cishe akunamsebenzi, ngoba izicubu zomzimba ngesizathu esithile zilahlekelwa ukuzwela kwazo okufanele kukho.
Izinhlobo nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela
Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela lunenkambo ehlukile nokuboniswa. Imvamisa izingane zithola uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo noma ukucindezelwa okungapheli.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 siyazalwa, ifomu layo lincike ku-insulin, ngakho-ke lidinga ukuphathwa njalo kwezidakamizwa. Izicubu eziyinkimbinkimbi zisebenza ushukela.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sincike kwe-insulin. Le ndlela etholwayo yesifo sikashukela ihlotshaniswa nokudla okungafanele komzimba kanye nokuntuleka kwe-insulin okwalandela. Uhlobo lwesifo luvame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile.
Udokotela uzotshela ukuthi isifo sikashukela sibonisa kanjani ezinganeni, noma kunjalo, kunezimpawu zokuziphatha. Ikakhulu, izimpawu zesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin yilezi:
- ukuchama njalo
- ukoma
- isifiso esiphakeme
- ukwehla okukhulu kwesisindo
- i-candidiasis yangasese
- i-polyuria - ukwanda kwevolumu yomchamo,
- ubudlova, ukungaphatheki kahle,
- ukugabha, isicanucanu,
- ukutheleleka kwesikhumba okuhlala njalo.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela esingancikile i-insulin:
- kwehlile ukuthambeka kokubuka,
- ulwelwesi olomile,
- ukukhathala nokukhathala,
- ukopha kwezinsini
- ukuncoma nokulunywa emakhoneni omlomo.
Ukuqaqanjelwa kwezinyawo nezandla, kanye ne-hypoglycemia, kungenye yezimpawu zesifo sikashukela sengane. I-Hypoglycemia imvamisa izenzekela, iyisidambisi sesifo.
Izinga loshukela liyancipha, ubuthakathaka kanye nendlala kuyanda. Ukukhanya kwengqondo kwe-icteric yengane kufanele kunikeze abazali isinali lokuhlola ingane. Lesi sibonakaliso singabonakala kuphela ezintendeni zezinyawo nasezinyaweni, kodwa nakunxantathu we-nasolabial.
Izimpawu nazo zibonakaliswa kwamanye ama-pathologies, ngakho-ke kubalulekile, ngaphandle kokulibala, ukufuna ukuhlolwa ngodokotela. Ezinganeni ezincane, kunzima kakhulu ukuzibona. Ngeminyaka emithathu noma ngaphezulu, ukubekezelela izimboni kulula kakhulu.
Imvamisa izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni zididaniswa nokutheleleka, ngakho-ke abantu abazinaki isikhathi eside. Akunandaba ukuthi ingane ineminyaka emingaki, ingahle ichaze kabi futhi iqonde imizwa yayo.
Abazali banomsebenzi wokulalela izikhalazo zengane futhi babheke noma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo. Ikakhulu, isifo sikashukela siyingozi kuze kube seminyakeni engu-3, kepha kulokhu iminyaka yezifo zokwakha umzimba sakha kakhulu kunasesikhathini sobusha. Kwezinye izimo, i-mentitus yesifo sikashukela yangamuva ingakheka.
Izimpawu zalolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela ziyefana nezimpawu eziphambili zalesi sifo. Kubalulekile ukunaka uma kukhona:
- amanxeba apholisa kancane
- amathumba,
- ibhali nokuvuvukala emehlweni.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 sibonisa ngokuncipha kwesisindo. I-Pathology ingaba khona eneminyaka eyi-3, 6, ne-14 ubudala. Intsha kanye nabantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-17 bahlukile. Uhlobo 1 sikashukela lubikwa kaningi kune-2.
Ingane iqala ukunciphisa umzimba ngenxa yokuthi amaseli awatholi amandla, ngoba akukho i-insulin eyanele.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla asemafutheni omzimba kuqala.
Ukubonakaliswa okuyingozi
Ukuqaliswa kwazo zonke izincomo ngokuvamile akuqinisekisi ukuthi ingane izophila. Uma ingane inethuba lokuthola isifo sikashukela, kudingeka ukuthi kuqashelwe isimo sezokwelapha ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ababelethi kufanele bakhathazeke lapho ingane ilahlekelwa isisindo esikhulu. Kunezimo zokuthi ukulahleka kwamakhilogremu ayi-10 noma ngaphezulu kwenzeka emavikini angama-2-3 nje. Kulokhu, ingane ingaphuza inani elikhulu lamanzi, kuze kufike kumalitha amaningana ngosuku.
Izingane ezineminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu zivame ukuqala zichame lapho zilala, yize ngaphambi kwalokho kwakungekho enursis. Uma ingane inyuse ukoma, ezinye izinkomba zizoqala ukubonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Njengomthetho, kwisifo sikashukela, ulimi lwengane luthola umbala ocwebezelayo, futhi ukushuba kwesikhumba kuyancipha.
Bazali, ngeshwa, akuvamile ukuthi bagxile kuzimpawu, ngenxa yalokho izingane ziqala ukulibaziseka ukwelashwa, okungenzeka kungasebenzi isikhathi eside.
Ukuxilonga
Udokotela wezingane wendawo kufanele abambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuboneni isifo sikashukela. Uma kukhona izinsolo zesifo sikashukela, ke ukuboniswa kokubonisana nge-endocrinologist. Lapho esehlolwa, udokotela ubheka ukuba khona kwalokhu:
- ukuvuvukala kwesifo sikashukela esinqeni, izihlathi nebunzi,
- ukuncishiswa kwesikhumba,
- Ulimi okusajingijolo.
Okulandelayo, udinga ukuhlolwa igazi. Kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya ukwanda koshukela wegazi, ukwehla kwe-insulin ne-hemoglobin. Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela kungenzeka kwenziwe. I-urinalysis iyenziwa futhi, lapho kubhekwa khona:
- ushukela
- i-acetone
- imizimba ye-ketone
- amandla athile omchamo.
Enye indlela yokuxilonga ukuhlolwa kwama-pancreas.
Ukuxilongwa okuhlukile kwenziwa lapho kukhona:
- izimpawu zesifo sikashukela,
- i-acetonemic syndrome.
Ngemuva kokuthi kutholakale ukuthi isifo sikashukela eselabhoratri, udokotela wenza ukutholwa kokugcina.
Ngabe ukuphathwa kanjani?
I-Substitution therapy isetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Njengoba amaseli we-pancreatic engakhiqizi i-insulin eyanele, udinga ukuphindisela inani layo. Kuyabhekwa ukuthi i-insulin yakhiwa ngamagagasi emzimbeni, ngokuhambisana nenani lokudla okusetshenziswayo kanye nenani lokwakheka kwayo ngezikhathi ezahlukene.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wokwelapha isifo sikashukela. Ukwethulwa kwevolumu enkulu ye-insulin kuholela ekutheni umzimba wengane ungasebenzisa zonke izitolo ezinoshukela egazini, okuzoholela ekuphepheni kwamandla.
Umthengi oyinhloko wamandla emzimbeni womuntu ubuchopho. Uma kungekho mandla anele, lapho-ke isimo esingathí sina singakheka - i-hypoglycemic coma. Lesi simo sidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. Kwezinye izimo, ingane ilaliswa esibhedlela endaweni yokunakekela kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa i-insulin, ingane kufanele ihlale idla kahle. Kulokhu, ukubulawa yindlala akwamukeleki. Phakathi kokudla okuyinhloko, kufanele kube nokudla okulula okuvela ezithelo nemifino.
I-insulin, esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa njengezinye indawo, ingaba yisikhashana nje. Abaphumelele kakhulu, kuze kube manje, yile:
- I-Protofan
- I-Actropid.
I-insulin ifakwa ngenjumbana ngesipeni sepeni. Lawa madivayisi alula ukuwasebenzisa, ngoba ingane ingayikhulisa futhi ithule into.
Kubalulekile ukuqapha amazinga akho kashukela nsuku zonke nge-glucometer. Udinga ukugcina idayari lapho ungabhala khona:
- kudliwe ukudla
- izimo ezicindezelayo
- izinga loshukela wegazi.
Uma ingane noma abazali bayo begcina idayari enjalo, kuzoba lula ukuthi udokotela akhethe umthamo we-insulin, okufanele unikezwe nsuku zonke.
Ingane kufanele njalo iphathe uswidi we-chocolate. Uma ezazisa ngomthamo omkhudlwana khudlwana kunesidingo ngesikhathi esithile, khona-ke inani ushukela esegazini lizokwehla kakhulu. Kulokhu, kunobungozi be-hypoglycemia, ngakho-ke udinga ukudla uswidi ushokoledi noma uphuze itiye elimnandi. Ngokwesisekelo esiqhubekayo, kufanele unamathele ekudleni okunomkhawulo wama-carbohydrate.
Phakathi kwezindlela zokwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, okungasasetshenziswa kakhulu ukufakelwa i-pancreatic. Ukwehla kwamazinga we-insulin yegazi kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nomonakalo wamanyikwe, ikakhulukazi amaseli we-beta akhiqiza i-insulin. Ukufakelwa kwendlala kulungisa lesi simo.
Ekwelashweni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kubalulekile ukulandela indlela odla ngayo. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqinisekiswe isimo ngaphandle kokuqhuma okungazelelwe kwe-glucose egazini.
Kuyadingeka ukushiya ngokuphelele imikhiqizo enjalo:
- ushokoledi
- izitsha zikafulawa
- ushukela.
Futhi, abanesifo sikashukela kufanele bahlole inani lamapheya ama-carbohydrate. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwethulwa umqondo wokuthi “isinkwa unit”. Lesi isamba somkhiqizo esine-12 g yama-carbohydrate. I-1 XE inyusa izinga loshukela egazini ngo-2.2 mmol / L.
Yonke imikhiqizo yokudla ikhombisa inani lama-carbohydrate ngama-g g ayi-100. Leli nani kufanele lihlukaniswe ngo-12. Ngakho-ke, kuzocaca ukuthi mangaki amayunithi esinkwa aqukethe umkhiqizo we-100 g. Okulandelayo, udinga ukwenza ukuguqulwa kwesisindo somkhiqizo. Ukuhlonza ngokushesha amayunithi esinkwa, kusetshenziswa amatafula okhethekile wokudla.
