Ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla kungaba uphawu lokuqala lokungalingani kwe-hormonal. Ihambisana nezifo zezindlala ze-pituitary kanye ne-adrenal, zizibonakalisa ku-thyrotooticosis, ukukhiqizwa okungahambi kahle kwama-hormone ocansi. Izifo zohlelo lwezinzwa, ukucindezelwa, ukucindezelwa kuvame ukuhambisana nokudla ngokweqile.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus kwesinye isikhathi siyimbangela yokuthuthuka kwesifiso esingalawulwa sokudla. I-Polyphagy iyindlela yokuziphatha yokuphazamiseka lapho umuntu, kungakhathalekile ukudla, eqhubeka nokufuna ukudla, angazizwa egcwele.
Lolu phawu, kanye ne-polydipsia (ukoma okhuphukile) ne-polyuria (ukuphuma komchamo ngokweqile) kuhlale kunjalo kusifo sikashukela i-mellitus, kungokwesigaba sobukhulu bokubonakaliswa kwaso.
Indlala yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus enefomu elincike ku-insulin liya ngokuhluleka ngokuphelele kokugcinwa kwe-insulin. Lokhu kungenxa yokubhujiswa kwezicubu ze-pancreatic nokufa kweseli.
Ukudla okwandayo kungenye yezimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela. Isizathu esikhulu sokuthi ulambele isifo sikashukela 1 yingoba amaseli awakwazi ukuthola inani elifanele likashukela egazini. Lapho kudliwa, i-insulin ayingeni ukungena kwegazi, ngakho-ke ushukela ngemuva kokukhishwa emathunjini uhlala egazini, kepha amangqamuzana abulawa yindlala.
Isiginali mayelana nokushoda kwe-glucose ezicutshini ingena enkabeni yendlala ebuchosheni futhi umuntu uhlala efuna ukudla, yize kukhona isidlo sakamuva. Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, ukuntuleka kwe-insulin akuvumeli amafutha ukuba aqongelele futhi agcinwe, ngakho-ke, yize kukhula isifiso sokudla, uhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela kuholela ekwehleni kokunciphisa umzimba.
Izimpawu zesifiso sokudla esijwayelekile zihlanganiswa nobuthakathaka obukhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla kagesi (ushukela) wobuchopho, obungenakuba khona ngaphandle kwawo. Kukhona futhi ukwanda kwalezi zimpawu ihora ngemuva kokudla, ukubonakala kwesithukuthezi ne-lethargy.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngohlobo lwe-1 yesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokulashwa ngamalungiselelo e-insulin, izindlela zokunciphisa ushukela wegazi zivame ukuthuthukiswa ezihlobene nokudla okungafanele noma umthamo owengeziwe we-insulin. Lezi zimo zenzeka kanye nokunyuka kwengcindezi ngokomzimba noma kwengqondo, futhi kungenzeka futhi nengcindezi.
Ngaphezu kwendlala, iziguli zikhononda ngalokhu kuboniswa:
- Ukuqhaqhazela izandla nokuqothuka kwemisipha engathandeki.
- Izimpawu zenhliziyo.
- Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza.
- Ukukhathazeka nolaka, kwandise ukukhathazeka.
- Ubuthakathaka obukhulayo.
- Ukujuluka ngokweqile.
Nge-hypoglycemia, njengokuphendula kokuvikela komzimba, ama-hormone okuxineka angena egazini - i-adrenaline, i-cortisol. Okuqukethwe kwabo okwandayo kuvusa umuzwa wokwesaba nokulahlekelwa kokulawula indlela yokudla, ngoba isiguli esinesifo sikashukela singaphuza ngokweqile i-carbohydrate kulesi simo.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, imizwa enjalo kungenzeka futhi izibalo ezijwayelekile zeglucose egazini, uma ngaphambi kwalokho, izinga layo liphakanyiswe isikhathi eside. Ukuqonda okwenziwa ngokuqondile kwe-hypoglycemia kweziguli kuya ngezinga umzimba wazo oziguqukele kulo.
Ngakho-ke, ukunquma amaqhinga okuthola ukwelashwa, isifundo esenziwa njalo ngoshukela wegazi siyadingeka.
I-polyphagy ngohlobo 2 sikashukela
Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, izinga likashukela wegazi liyakhuphuka futhi emzimbeni, kepha indlela yokuntuleka kokugcwaliswa komhlaba ihambisana nezinye izinqubo.
Isifo sikashukela senzeka ngokumelene nesizinda secretion evamile noma ekhuphukile ye-pancreatic ye-insulin ye-hormone. Kepha njengoba amandla okuphendula kuwo elahlekile, ushukela usala egazini, futhi awusetshenziswa amaseli.
Ngakho-ke, ngalolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela, kune-insulin eningi neglucose egazini. I-insulin ethe xaxa iholela eqinisweni lokuthi amafutha afakwa kakhulu, ukuwohloka kwawo nokuphuma kwawo kuyancipha.
Ukukhuluphala kanye nohlobo 2 sikashukela kuhambisana, okuholela ekuqubukeni kokuphazamiseka kwamafutha nama-carbohydrate metabolism. Ngakho-ke, isifiso esandayo sokudla nokudla ngokweqile okwenza kube nzima ukulungisa isisindo somzimba.
Kuyafakazelwa ukuthi ukwehla kwesisindo kuholela ekwandeni kokuzwela kwe-insulin, ukwehla kokumelana ne-insulin, okuhlinzeka ngenkambo yesifo sikashukela. I-Hyperinsulinemia ibuye ithinte umuzwa wokugcwala ngemuva kokudla.
Ngokukhula kwesisindo somzimba kanye nokwenyuka kokuqukethwe kwawo kwamafutha, ukuqina kwe-insulin kukhuphuka. Ngaso leso sikhathi, isikhungo sendlala ku-hypothalamus siphulukana nokuzwela ukwanda kwe-glucose yegazi evela ngemuva kokudla.
Kulokhu, imiphumela elandelayo iqala ukuvela:
- Isiginali esiphathelene nokudla okuvela esikhathini esedlule kunokwejwayelekile.
- Lapho kudliwa ngisho nenani elikhulu lokudla, isikhungo sendlala asilondlulisi amasampula enkabeni yokugcotshwa.
- Ezicubu ze-adipose ngaphansi kwethonya le-insulin, ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-leptin kuqala, okubuye kwandise ukulethwa kwamafutha.
Ukwelashwa kokudla okwandayo kwesifo sikashukela
Ukuze unciphise ukuhlaselwa yindlala engalawulwa ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, kudingeka uqale ushintshe isitayela nokudla. Kunconywa ukudla okuvame ukuvela, okungenani izikhathi ezingama-5-6 ngosuku. Kulokhu, udinga ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo engabangeli ushintsho olungazelelwe ezingeni likashukela wegazi, okungukuthi, ngenkomba ye-glycemic ephansi.
Lokhu kufaka yonke imifino eluhlaza - i-zucchini, i-broccoli, iklabishi elinamaqabunga, ukhukhamba, dill, iparsley, i-green bell pepper. Okunye futhi okuwusizo kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwabo okusha noma ukubhukuda kwesikhashana.
Yezithelo namajikijolo, inkomba ephansi ye-glycemic ku-currants, ulamula, ama-cherries, amagilebhisi, amaplamu, ama-lingonberry, ama-apricots. Kokusanhlamvu, okuwusizo kakhulu yi-buckwheat ne-pearl ibhali, i-oatmeal. Isinkwa kufanele sisetshenziselwe okusanhlamvu okuphelele, okune-bran, kusuka kufulawa we-rye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo yamaprotheni kufanele ibe khona ekudleni kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela:
- Izinhlobo ezinamafutha amancane enkukhu, iturkey, inyama yenkomo, i-veal
- Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi ezinokuqukethwe kwamafutha amancane noma okuphakathi - i-pike perch, ibhula, i-pike, i-saffron cod.
- Imikhiqizo yobisi ngaphandle kokhilimu omuncu onamafutha, ukhilimu kanye noshizi wekhotishi kungaphezulu kwamafutha ayi-9%
- Amaprotheni anomifino kusuka ku-lentil, uphizi oluhlaza, ubhontshisi oluhlaza.
Amafutha emifino anconywa njengemithombo yamafutha, ungangeza no bhotela omncane ekudleni okwenziwe ngomumo.
Ukuze ugweme ukuhlaselwa yindlala, udinga ukulahla imikhiqizo enjengoshukela, ama-crackers, ama-waffles, ilayisi ne-semolina, amakhukhi, i-granola, isinkwa esimhlophe, i-pasta, ama-muffin, amakhekhe, ama-pastries, ama-chips, amazambane abunjiwe, ithanga elibhakwe, izinsuku, ikhabe, amakhiwane, amagilebhisi, uju, ujamu.
Ezigulini ezikhuluphele ngokweqile, kunconywa ukuthi kunciphise ukungena kwekhalori ngenxa yama-carbohydrate alula namafutha anele. Okokudla okulula, sebenzisa izitsha zamaprotheni noma zemifino kuphela (kusuka emifino emisha). Kuyadingeka futhi ukunciphisa inani lamasosi, imikhiqizo ekheniwe, isoso ekhulisa isifiso sokudla, ukuyeka ngokuphelele utshwala.
Ngokunciphisa isisindo kancane, hlela izinsuku zokuzila - inyama, inhlanzi, i-kefir. Kungenzeka wenze ukuzila kwesikhashana esifushane ngaphansi kokuqashwa kukadokotela oholayo uma nje kunamanzi anele.
Ukwehlisa isifiso sokudla ngemithi, kusetshenziswa iMetformin 850 (Siofor) ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ukusetshenziswa kwaso kukuvumela ukuthi wehlise ushukela wegazi ngokwandisa ukuzwela kwezicubu ukungena ku-insulin. Lapho kuthathwa, isisindo esandisiwe siyancipha bese indlala ilawulwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesigaba esisha sezidakamizwa ze-incretin kuhlotshaniswa namandla abo okunciphisa kancane esiswini ngemuva kokudla. Izidakamizwa zeBayeta neVictoza ziphathwa njenge-insulin-kanye noma kabili ngosuku. Kunezincomo zokusetshenziswa kweBayeta ihora ngaphambi kokudla okuningi ukuze uvikele ukuhlaselwa ubudlova.
Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kuyanconywa futhi ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezivela eqenjini lesibili lama-incretin, ama-DPP-4 inhibitors, ukulawula isifiso sokudla ngenkathi kuthathwa iSiofor. Lokhu kufaka uJanuvius, u-Ongliza, uGalvus. Basiza ukufeza izinga elizinzile loshukela egazini futhi baguqule nokuziphatha kweziguli ngendlela ejwayelekile. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko ihloselwe ukusiza umuntu onesifo sikashukela onesisindo.
