Izinkomba zokuhlushwa kwe-glucose esegazini lomuntu osemusha zikhombisa isimo sakhe sempilo. Imvamisa yoshukela wegazi ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-17 ubudala iyahlukahluka kusuka kumayunithi angama-3.3 kuya kwangama-5.5. Futhi uma ingane inezinombolo ezinjalo, lokhu kusikisela ukuthi isempilweni enhle.
Ngokusekelwa kwezokwelapha, singasho ukuthi ezinganeni ezifika eshumini nambili, kungakhathalekile ubulili babo, indlela ejwayelekile kashukela emzimbeni ilingana nezinkomba zabantu abadala.
Ukuhlola amazinga kashukela ezinganeni kufanele kuqaphele njengakwabadala. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngokuqondile ebusheni ukuthi izimpawu ezingezinhle zesifo esibuqili, njenge-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, zivame ukuvela.
Ngabe udinga ukucabanga ukuthi yikuphi ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile ezinganeni ezincane nakwintsha? Futhi uthole ukuthi iziphi izimpawu ezibonisa ukukhula kwesifo?
Yiziphi izinkomba ezibhekwa njengejwayelekile?
Ezinganeni nakubantu abadala, izinkomba ze-glucose emzimbeni zidlala indima ebalulekile, futhi zingakhuluma ngesimo sempilo kanye nenhlala-kahle. I-glucose ibonakala iyinto eyinhloko yamandla enikezela ukusebenza okuphelele kwazo zonke izitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo.
Ukuphambuka kusuka kumanani ajwayelekile kuya ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane kuxhomeke ngokuqondile ekusebenzeni kwamanyikwe, ngokungakhethi ngendlela engafani ne-hormone - insulin, enikeza isilinganiso esidingekayo sikashukela emzimbeni womuntu.
Uma kukhona ukwephulwa kokusebenza kwamanyikwe, khona-ke emacaleni amaningi lokhu kuholela ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela. Isifo sikashukela i-pathology yesistimu ye-endocrine, ebonakala ngenkambo engapheli kanye nezinkinga eziningi ezinokwenzeka.
Imvelo yokuqukethwe ushukela emzimbeni wengane engaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 iyahlukahluka kusuka kumayunithi angama-2.78 kuya kwangama-5.5.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngobudala ngamunye, isilinganiso soshukela sizoba "ngesakho":
- Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa - amayunithi angu-2.7-3.1.
- Izinyanga ezimbili - amayunithi angama-2.8-3.6.
- Ukusuka ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuye kweziyi-5 - amayunithi angama-2.8-3.8.
- Ukusuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya ezinyangeni eziyi-9 - amayunithi ayi-2.9-4.1.
- Ingane enonyaka owodwa inamayunithi angama-2.9-4.4.
- Eminyakeni yobudala eyodwa kuya kwemibili - amayunithi angu-3.0-4,5.
- Kusuka eminyakeni emi-3 kuye kwengama-4 - amayunithi angama-3.2-4.7.
Ukusukela eminyakeni yobudala emi-5, isilinganiso soshukela silingana nezinkomba zabantu abadala, futhi ngenxa yalokho sizobe sisuka kumayunithi angama-3.3 kuya kwangama-5.5.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma ingane encane noma osemusha enokwenyuka ushukela isikhathi eside, lokhu kukhombisa izinqubo ze-pathological emzimbeni, ngakho-ke kunconyelwa ukuvakashela udokotela futhi ayobhala izivivinyo ezidingekayo.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni
Njengoba umkhuba wezokwelapha ukhombisa, izimpawu ezinganeni nasebusheni, ngobuningi bamacala, zikhula ngokushesha kumaviki ambalwa. Uma abazali bebona izimpawu ezingajwayelekile enganeni, kufanele uvakashele udokotela.
Kunoma ikuphi, isithombe somtholampilo siyazikhula, futhi ukungasinaki lesi simo kuzomane sikwenze kube nzima, futhi nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela ngeke zihambe zodwa, ziba zimbi ngokwedlulele.
Ezinganeni, uhlobo lokuqala lwe-pathology luvame ukutholakala kakhulu. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko kuleli cala yisifiso esiqhubekayo sokuphuza uketshezi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngokumelene nesizinda sokugcotshwa kwe-glucose ephezulu, umzimba ukhipha uketshezi kusuka ezicutshini zangaphakathi namaseli ukuwufaka egazini.
Isibonakaliso sesibili ukuchama okweqile futhi okuvamisile. Lapho uphuza uketshezi olukhulu, kufanele luphume emzimbeni womuntu. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, izingane zivakashela endlini yangasese kaningi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Isibonakaliso eshaqisayo ukubheda kombhede.
Ezinganeni, izimpawu ezilandelayo nazo zingabonakala:
- Ukwehla kwesisindo. Isifo sikashukela siholela ekutheni amaseli ahlala "ebulawa yindlala", futhi umzimba awukwazi ukusebenzisa ushukela kwezinye izinhloso. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuze kwenziwe ukushoda kwamandla, izicubu nemisipha ye-adipose kuyashiswa. Njengomthetho, ukuncipha kwesisindo kutholwa ngokuzuma okukhulu futhi okuyinhlekelele ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Ubuthakathaka obungapheli kanye nokukhathala. Izingane zihlala zizwa ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ngoba ukuntuleka kwe-insulin akusizi ukuguqula ushukela kube amandla. Imisipha nezitho zomzimba kuhlushwa "indlala", okuholela ekukhathaleni okungapheli.
- Isifiso njalo sokudla. Umzimba womuntu onesifo sikashukela awukwazi ukukuthola ukudla futhi akujabulele ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke, ukugcotshwa kwamathambo akubonwa. Kodwa futhi kunesithombe esiphambene, lapho isifiso sokudla sincipha, futhi lokhu kubonisa i-ketoacidosis - ukuhlanganiswa kwesifo sikashukela.
- Ukulimazeka kokubonakalayo. Okuqukethwe ushukela okuphezulu emzimbeni wengane kuholela ekuqothulweni komzimba kuwo, kufaka nelensi yeso. Lolu phawu lungabonakaliswa ubunyama besithombe noma okunye ukuphazamiseka okubukwayo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuthi uqaphele ngezimpawu ezingajwayelekile ukuze uvikele izinkinga ezingaba khona ngesikhathi. Ngeshwa, imvamisa abazali bathi izimpawu ezijwayelekile kunoma yini, kepha hhayi isifo sikashukela, futhi ingane inakekelwa kakhulu.
Isifo sikashukela ukugula okungamahlalakhona futhi okungathi sína, kepha akusona isigwebo. Ingalawulwa ngempumelelo, okuzovimbela izinkinga ezingaba khona.
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela enganeni
Zonke izindlela zokuxilonga ezenziwa esikhungweni sezokwelapha zenzelwe ukuthola izimpendulo zemibuzo enjalo: ingabe ingane inenkinga yokuxilonga umzimba? Uma impendulo inguyebo, manje hlobo luni lwesifo kulokhu?
Uma abazali bebona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izimpawu zomlingiswa ezichazwe ngenhla, khona-ke ungalinganisa izinkomba zakho zoshukela uqobo, ngokwesibonelo, ithuluzi elinjalo lokulinganisa ushukela egazini njenge-glucometer.
Lapho idivaysi enjalo ingekho ekhaya, noma inabantu abaseduze, ungabhalisela ukuhlaziya okunjalo emtholampilo wakho, futhi unikeze i-glucose esiswini esingenalutho noma ngemuva kokudla. Njengoba usufunde imicikilisho yezingane, ungaqhathanisa ngokuzimele imiphumela yokuhlolwa okutholakale elebhu.
Uma ushukela wengane ephakanyisiwe, kuzodingeka izindlela zokuxilonga ezihlukile. Ngamagama alula, kuyadingeka ukwenza imidwebo ethile nokuhlaziya ukuthola ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo sikashukela ingane anayo - eyokuqala, yesibili noma ehluke ngandlela thile.
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sohlobo lokuqala lwesifo, ama-antibodies alandelayo angabonakala egazini lezingane:
- Kuya kumaseli weziqhingi zaseLangerhans.
- Ku-insulin ye-hormone.
- Ukuze glutamate decarboxylase.
- Ku-tyrosine phosphatase.
Uma amasosha omzimba abhalwe ngaphezulu abonwa egazini, khona-ke lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi amasosha omzimba akho ngokuhlasela amasosha e-pancreatic, ngenxa yalokho ukusebenza kwawo kuphazamisekile.
Lapho isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, la ma-antibodies engatholakali egazini, kepha-ke, kukhona isilinganiso sikashukela esikhulu esiswini esingenalutho nangemva kokudla.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kwabasebasha nasezinganeni
Ukwelapha isifo "esimnandi" ezigulini ezisebancane kanye nasentsheni akufani nokwelashwa kwabantu abadala.
Umthetho oyisisekelo ukukala ushukela wegazi kaningana ngosuku, ngoba lokhu ungasebenzisa i-glucometer van touch khetha elula kanye nokungenisa i-insulin ngokuya ngohlelo olunconyiwe. Kanye nokugcina idayari yesifo sikashukela, umsoco ofanele, ukuvivinya umzimba okwanele.
Abazali kudingeka baqonde ukuthi ukulawula ushukela akuyona isilinganiso soshukela ngezikhathi ezithile, kungenxa yazo zonke izinsuku, futhi awukwazi ukuthatha izimpelasonto, ikhefu nokunye. Ngemuva kwakho konke, yile nqubo evumela ukuthi wena usindise impilo yengane, futhi uvikele nezinkinga ezingenzeka.
Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ngalokhu. Amaviki nje ambalwa, futhi abazali baba ngabantu abanolwazi kakhulu kule ndaba. Njengomthetho, zonke izindlela zokwelapha zizothatha imizuzu eyi-10-15 ngosuku ngamandla. Isikhathi sonke, ungahola impilo ephelele nejwayelekile.
Ingane ayiqondi njalo ingqikithi yokulawulwa, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukubaluleka kwayo, ngakho-ke konke kusezandleni zabazali uqobo. Izeluleko ezimbalwa zabazali:
- Namathela ngokuqinile kuzo zonke izincomo zikadokotela.
- Ukwelashwa kuvame ukushintshwa, ikakhulukazi imenyu kanye nomthamo wehomoni, njengoba ingane ikhula futhi ikhula.
- Zonke izinsuku bhala imininingwane ngosuku lwengane esekudayilini. Kungenzeka ukuthi kuzosiza ukucacisa izikhathi eziholela ekwehliseni ushukela.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwanda kokuxwilwa koshukela emzimbeni wengane kungenzeka noma kunini, ngisho nangemva nje kokuzalwa.
Mayelana nalolo lwazi, kunconyelwa ukubhekisisa impilo yengane yakho (ikakhulukazi izingane ezisindwa yifa elibi), zivivinywa ngesikhathi esifanele futhi zivivinye ushukela.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko ikhuluma ngezici zesifo sikashukela entsheni.
