Isifo sikashukela uhlobo lwesifo esingelapheki olubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwamanyikwe - ukwanda kokugcwala kweglucose egazini. Lesi sifo sehlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: sincike kwe-insulin - uhlobo 1 nokungathembeki kwe-insulin - uhlobo 2.
Lesi sifo sithinta abantu abadala nezingane. Ukuqonda izinto ezibangela ukugula, izimpawu zayo nezindlela zokwelashwa, kungenzeka ukudambisa isimo sengane futhi kuvikele nezinkinga.
Phambilini, amacala amaningi esifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ayebikwa ezinganeni. Eminyakeni yamuva, ukuhlukahluka kwesifo sohlobo lwesibili ezinganeni kubhalwe kumacala ayi-10- 40%.
I-Etiology yesifo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi isifo sikashukela yisifo esiyinzalo.
Uma bobabili abazali begula, amathuba okuxilongwa kwengane acishe abe yi-100%.
Uma ubaba noma umama egula, ubungozi besifo sikashukela bufika kuma-50%.
Uhlobo lokugula kohlobo 2 ezinganeni lungakha kunoma iyiphi iminyaka.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi unake izinto ezingase zibangele lesi sifo:
- isifo ezihlotsheni kuya edolweni lesithathu,
- izifo
- ubuzwe
- isisindo sokuzala ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu amane,
- ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa ezikhethwe ngokungafanele,
- ushintsho lwamahomoni kwintsha,
- ukukhuluphala nokudla okungenampilo,
- ukwephulwa okungapheli kosuku nokulala,
- izimo ezicindezelayo
- ukusetshenziswa kabi kukafulawa, ukudla okumnandi nokuthosiwe,
- ukuvuvukala kumanyikwe nezinye izifo zalo,
- indlela yokuphila
- umsebenzi omkhulu womzimba,
- Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu okuhlukile,
- umfutho wegazi ongazinzi.
Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic kwenzeka, ngakho-ke ama-pancreas akhiqiza i-insulin engaphansi, futhi kune-glucose eyengeziwe egazini.
Umzimba wengane awunaso isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezinguquko, i-insulin iba yincanyana, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esinga-insulin luyakhiwa.
Izimpawu zesifo
Iningi lezingane liya kodokotela asebevele benesifo sikashukela esithuthukile.
Kwesinye isikhathi okokuqala kutholakala ukuthi batholakala esikhungweni sezokwelapha lapho izingane zibekezelela nge-ketoacidosis noma isifo sikashukela.
Izingane eziningi aziboni ukuwohloka inhlala-kahle isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukuthi zikhale ngokukhathala nobuthakathaka.
Imvamisa, izivivinyo zokwelashwa azinakwa kanti uphawu noma uphawu lwesifo esihlobene nalezi aluhlangene ne-pathology.
Izimpawu eziphambili zalesi sifo ezinganeni:
- ukuchama njalo
- ukoma okukhulu
- ukukhuphuka okubukhali kwenani lomchamo
- ukuhlaselwa kwendlala, okufana nokwehla kwesifiso sokudla,
- ukuqunjelwa, isifo sohudo,
- ukwephuka, ubuthakathaka,
- ukutholwa kwesisindo esisheshayo noma ukunciphisa isisindo,
- iphunga elithile elivela emlonyeni.
Nge-Type 2 sikashukela mellitus, izimpawu ziya ziqina kancane, ngakho-ke azinakwa isikhathi eside. Ukuxilongwa, ukunaka kwabazali hhayi kuphela, kodwa nokuhlanganiswa kwabafundisi, emphakathini wabo ingane echitha isikhathi esiningi, kubaluleke kakhulu.
I-ketoacidosis yohlobo 2 sikashukela ezinganeni ayivelakancane. Ushukela kumchamo uvame ukunqunywa, kepha azikho izidumbu ze-ketone. Ukuchama okusheshayo nokoma kungenzeka kungabizwa ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Njengomthetho, iziguli ezikulesi sigaba zikhuluphele noma zikhuluphele. Njengomthetho, isandiso sofuzo siyaphawulwa, ngenxa yezifo zezihlobo eziseduze. Izinqubo ze-Autoimmune azitholakali.
Ezimweni eziningi, izingane zikhula ngenkuthalo:
- izifo fungal
- ukutheleleka okwenzeka njalo
- i-ovary polycystic,
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- dyslipidemia.
Ukumelana ne-insulin kubonwa ngaphezu kwesigamu samacala. I-Hyperinsulinism nayo ivame kakhulu. Njengomthetho, ubukhona bokunwebeka kwesikhumba kuqoshwa endaweni yokugoba kwesokunxele, izindunduma nentamo.
Engcupheni yizingane omama bazo abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ukuxilonga
Uma ingane isolwa ukuthi inesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, udokotela ogcina izingane kufanele azihlole. Udokotela uzokwenza inhlolokhono yabazali nengane yesifo sikashukela phakathi kwezihlobo, athole isikhathi sezimpawu, umsoco nezinye izinto zendlela yokuphila.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-perthoneum, ama-pancreas kungenziwa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Doppler kokugeleza kwegazi lomlenze nakho kuyakhonjiswa. Isazi sezinzwa kufanele sifunde ukuzwela kwemilenze yezingane.
Isiguli esingahle sikhona kufanele futhi sihlolwe, ikakhulukazi, isikhumba nolwelwesi lwama-mucous. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, kubekwa izivivinyo ezilandelayo:
- ukuhlolwa kweglucose yegazi
- urinalysis
- ucwaningo lwamahomoni
- ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ne-cholesterol.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Ngemuva kokuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa, ukwelashwa kubekiwe kususelwa ekugcineni ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile. Futhi, umsebenzi ukuvikela ukuqhubeka kwezinkinga.
Amazinga kashukela egazini angakhuphuka kancane. Kulokhu, ingane inqunywe:
- ukudla kokudla ngemikhiqizo enenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic,
- ukuzivocavoca komzimba (ukugijima, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukubhukuda, ukufudumeza).
Izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela zinqunywa udokotela, ngokususelwa kuzinkomba zeglucose egazini. Lapho likhuphuka inani likashukela, nemithi iba namandla ngokwengeziwe. Imvamisa, izidakamizwa ze-hormonal zinqunywa ukuthi zehlise izinga likashukela, kanye nezidakamizwa ezikhuthaza ukuthathwa koshukela okufanele.
Ezigabeni ezinzima zesifo, kunqunywe imijovo ye-insulin. Udinga ukwazi ukuthi i-insulin ikhethiwe ngokusekelwe ezimweni eziqondile zeziguli.
Ukulawulwa kwezifo
Dinga ukubhekwa njalo kwesifo sikashukela. Izinga loshukela wegazi lilinganiswa nsuku zonke ngedivayisi ekhethekile - i-glucometer. Kanye ngenyanga, i-endocrinologist kufanele ihlolwe futhi ithathe izivivinyo ezidingekayo.
Ngokuya ngesimo sengane esikhona, udokotela uthatha isinqumo mayelana nezinguquko ekwelashweni okukhona. Izidakamizwa zingashintshwa noma kungenziwa izinguquko zokudla.
Ukubonisana nodokotela oyi-neurologist, udokotela wezokwelapha, i-ophthalmologist kanye nephrologist kuyadingeka, ngoba isifo sikashukela sithinta kabi izitho eziningi zomzimba. Ngokulawulwa kwesimo ngendlela efanele, isifo sikashukela singanxeshezelwa ngempumelelo.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus futhi iholela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene zenhliziyo kanye neuralgia enzima ye-limb.
Isikhumba sabashukela siyayeka ukusebenza futhi silulame ngokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, noma yimaphi amanxeba amancane aphulukisa futhi aqhakaze isikhathi eside.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona
Ukwelapha okungalungile noma ukwenqaba kusuka kukho kungaholela ekuguqukeni kohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela kanye nesidingo sokuqhubeka kwemijovo ye-insulin. Enye yezinkinga eziyingozi i-glycemic coma, ngenxa yokwenqaba kwezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela, isifiso sokudla singanyamalala, ubuthakathaka obukhulu kanye nethonya kungenzeka.
I-Hypoglycemia ngokubanjwa nokuxinzeka kwengqondo ingaqhamuka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa, ukubhema, noma ukuphuza utshwala.
Izinkinga ezinjalo zanda kakhulu futhi ngokushesha. Emahoreni ambalwa ngemuva kokudakwa ngokweqile noma ukweqa umuthi, ukuhlangana kungenzeka kube nemiphumela ebulalayo uma usizo lokuqala lunganikezwanga.
Izinkinga eziningi zibonakala ngokuthuthuka kancane. Isibonelo, umbono ungahle uwohloke - i-retinopathy, futhi ukulahleka okuphelele kombono ngenxa yobuthakathaka bezindonga zemikhumbi nakho kungenzeka. Ezimweni eziningi, ukushayeka kwegazi nokulahleka kwemizwa emilenzeni kuyaphawulwa.
Imilenze ihlala indindisholo, ibuhlungu futhi ivuvukala. Unyawo lwesifo sikashukela lungakheka, olubonakala ngokuqina kanye nokufa kweminye imikhakha emilenzeni. Unyawo lwesifo sikashukela esigabeni esinzima luholela ekunqunyweni komlenze.
Imvamisa kunezinkinga ngezinso, kufaka phakathi ukwehluleka kwezinso. Njengomphumela wokwenziwa ngokweqile kwamaprotheni emchameni, izifo zesikhumba zenzeka ngokugcwala ukubukeka kwezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezikhona ziyanda, ngakho-ke umkhuhlane ojwayelekile ungaphela ekufeni.
Uhlobo lwe-2 isifo sikashukela ezinganeni nasebusheni abuthathwa njengesizathu sokuthola isimo sokukhubazeka. Kodwa-ke, kukhona izinzuzo ezinganeni ezinesifo sikashukela, ezidinga ukuthi kukhishwe izaphulelo endaweni yokuzijabulisa yezempilo nenani lezidakamizwa.
Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela, ngokwesibonelo, ukwehluleka kwezinso, ukungaboni kanye nezinye izifo, kuholela esimweni sokukhubazeka.
Kwividiyo ekulesi sihloko, uDkt Komarovsky ukhuluma kabanzi ngesifo sikashukela sengane.
