Isifo sikashukela isifo sikashukela yisifo lapho i-glucose evela ekudleni ingangenwa khona yizicubu bese ijikeleza egazini, ibangele ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic. Amathishu ngenxa yokuntuleka komsoco aba nezwela ezintweni ezahlukahlukene ezilimazayo.
Ukungakwazi ukumunca ushukela kuhlotshaniswa nokuntuleka kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngohlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela noma ukuntuleka kokuzwela kwezicubu kulo uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela esingaxhamli i-insulin.
Yize lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zikashukela zinokubonakaliswa okujwayelekile ngesimo se-hyperglycemia (ukukhuphuka koshukela wegazi) kanye ne-glucosuria (ukumbiwa koshukela kumchamo), indlela isifo sikashukela esiqala ngayo kanye nezimpawu zokukhula kwalesi sifo kwehlukile ngohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela.
Izimpawu zokuqalwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala senzeka lapho amaseli akhiwe eziqhingini zaseLangerhans ebhujiswa kumanyikwe. Inani le-insulin ekhishwa lawa maseli liqala ukwehla noma liyeke ngokuphelele.
Izizathu zokwakhiwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 zingaba yizici ezinjalo:
- Ukusabela kwe-Autoimmune.
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane.
- Isizungu.
Ukuphazamiseka komzimba ngokuthuthukiswa kokuqothuka kweseli kwe-autoimmune kuvame kakhulu ukubonakala kwabesifazane abasebasha noma abavuthiwe. Iziguli ezinjalo zivame ukuba nezinye izifo ze-autoimmune (systemic lupus erythematosus, i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-autoimmune thyroiditis).
Isifo sikashukela singase siqale ngokutheleleka ngegciwane. Nge-rubella yokuzalwa, ama-mumps, i-hepatitis, ukutheleleka nge-cytomegalovirus, amangqamuzana e-beta ayachithwa futhi ukusabela kokubunjelwa kwezakhiwo zokuzivikela komzimba kubangelwa. Amacala alesi sifo ngemuva komkhuhlane odlulisiwe ayabalwa.
Lolu hlobo lutholakala esemncane kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinomonakalo onjalo kuma-pancreas ziyaqhubeka ngokushesha.
Isifo sikashukela se-Congenital sikashukela nesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ezincane senzeka ngokuzalwa okuyifa emndenini. Ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela kuvame kungazelelwe. Kungabonakala okokuqala ngqa ngokuthuthukiswa kokwethisa. Njengoba unesifo sikashukela, inani eliphakeme lesibalo libonwa eminyakeni eyodwa yenyanga neminyaka eyishumi nambili.
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo zihambisana nokukhuphuka okubukhali kweglucose yegazi. Izimpawu zohlobo lwe-1 mellitus yesifo sikashukela ziyavela:
- Umile oqinile futhi ongapheli.
- Umlomo owomile.
- I-Polyuria (ukuchama ngokweqile) kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela kumalitha ayishumi ngosuku kanye nokukhula komzimba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezinso ezinesifo sikashukela, kuphakama ingcindezi ye-osmotic. Kulokhu, umzimba ulahlekelwa yi-potassium eningi ne-sodium.
- Ukuchama okukhulu ebusuku.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kobuthakathaka obujwayelekile nokukhathala.
- Ukuhlaselwa yindlala, isifiso esengeziwe sokudla amaswidi.
- Ukuqala isifo sikashukela ezinsaneni kubonakale ukuthi okwegobele ngemuva kokomisa umchamo uba lukhuni, kufakwe inkanyezi. Ingane idla ngokulangazela futhi iphuza amanzi amaningi, isikhumba somile futhi sinamachaphaza. Ezinganeni ezincane, ukungenami komchamo ebusuku kuyisici.
- Ukwehla okubukhali kwesisindo ngokudla okuningi ngenxa yokuntuleka kweglue izicubu. Ukwehla kwesisindo kungafinyelela amakhilogremu ayishumi kuya kwayi-15.
- Iphunga lama-apula omuncu noma i-acetone emoyeni okhiphe amandla.
Lezi zimpawu zesifo sikashukela zimpawu kakhulu lapho zenzeka, lapho sekuvele khona umonakalo omkhulu kumanyikwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkambo yesifo esincike ku-insulin, kuvela izimpawu zesifo sikashukela esibonisa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwezitho zomzimba kungasebenzi kahle:
- Ukulunywa kwesikhumba nolwelwesi lwama-mucous.
- I-thrush ephindaphindeka ihlangabezana nezidakamizwa ze-antifungal.
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda, i-migraine.
- Insomnia
- Isiyezi
- I-Furunculosis.
- Ukunambitha kwensimbi emlonyeni.
- Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Umbono ofiphele, umuzwa wokushintsha amachashazi phambi kwamehlo.
- Izifo ezithinta njalo nezikhunta.
- Ukudonsa ngamandla kanye nobukhulu ezinyaweni nasezandleni.
- Ukuqina kanye nomuzwa wesisindo emilenzeni engezansi.
- Izilonda nokusikeka aziqinisi isikhathi eside futhi zixhaswe.
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo zinezifundo ezivikelekile, ukumelana nama-antibiotic kukhula ngokushesha.
Inkambo yohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela kubantu abadala ingathuthuka kancane. Ngale ndlela, iminyaka emibili noma emithathu, isifo sikashukela singakhokhelwa ngokuphelele ngokudla okune-carb ephansi, ukuthatha amaphilisi anciphisa ushukela wegazi.
Ngokuzayo, ukwelashwa okunjalo kuba yize, futhi izibonakaliso zenqubo ye-autoimmune ziyanda egazini, okuvela kuzo iziguli zidluliselwe ekwelashweni kwe-insulin.
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 esingeyona i-insulini senzeka ngemuva kwesilinganiso senani elanele noma eleqile le-insulin egazini, kodwa ama-receptors alo alahlekelwa umuzwa wawo. I-glucose ne-insulin ziyajikeleza egazini, kanti kuvela nezimpawu zokungondleki kahle ezithweni.
Ukuphazamiseka okuvezwa kakhulu kwe-metabolic ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela kubonakaliswa izicubu zomzimba, isibindi kanye ne-adipose. Emisipha, i-glucose ayenziwa kancane. Emangqamuzaneni esibindi, izitolo ze-glycogen ziyancipha, njengoba ziphenduka ushukela, amafutha agcinwa njengezindawo zokugcina.
Ukuphazamiseka kokudla okunamafutha nama-carbohydrate metabolism kuhlobo 2 sikashukela mellitus kuvuselela idiphozi ye-cholesterol emithanjeni yegazi nezicubu ezingaphansi, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi iziguli ezinjalo zehlise isisindo.
Izici zobungozi zokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zingafaka:
- Isisindo esiningi.
- Indlela yokuphila yokwehlisa ukuthula.
- Ukusabela okucindezelayo.
- I-Stein-Leventhal Syndrome (i-polycystic ovary).
- I-pancreatitis e-acute noma engamahlalakhona, i-pancreatic necrosis, isimila se-pancreatic.
- Ukuguga.
- Isifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Ukuzalwa kwengane enkulu enesisindo kusuka ku-4.5 kg.
- Ukuphuphuma kwesisu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu we-Arterial.
- Isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi
- Izifo ezingamahlalakhona zesibindi nezinso.
- Isifo sikashukela emndenini.
Inkambo yesifo sikashukela ibonakala ngokukhuphuka kancane kancane kwezimpawu, kwesinye isikhathi isikhathi eside akukho zimpawu ezishiwo, futhi lesi sifo sitholakala phakathi nezivivinyo zokuvimbela futhi silinganisa izinga le-glucose egazini.
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zingaba:
- Ukuqhuma esikhunjeni, induna, i-furunculosis. Ukuqubuka kwesifo sikashukela kumboza zonke izindawo zesikhumba.
- Ukwehla okubonakalayo okwehlile, ukubukeka kwamachashazi namabala phambi kwamehlo.
- Ukulunywa ku-perineum kanye nezitho zangasese, kuvame ukuvela njalo.
- Kwehliswe isifiso sobulili, ukungabi namandla.
- Ukungahambi kahle kokuya esikhathini, inzalo.
- Ubuthakathaka nesiyezi ngemuva kokudla.
- Ukomela phakathi nosuku nomuzwa wokukhathala okungapheli. Isiguli singalala ngokwanele, kepha singakwazi ukulala ngasikhathi sinye.
- Ukwanda kokulahleka kwezinwele, ukuxegisa nezinzipho.
- Yehlisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba.
- Ukwesineke nokudinwa emzimbeni, umuzwa wokukhamba.
- Imisipha emilenzeni, imvamisa ngesandiso ebusuku.
- Ukulunywa nokuqina kwesikhumba, ikakhulukazi izintende zezandla, izinyawo, isikhumba sesisu.
- Isisindo sizuza ngokubekwa kwamafutha okhalweni.
- Ukujuluka.
Izimpawu ezithile zesifo sikashukela - ukoma, ukuchama ngokweqile, indlala, isicanucanu kungajoyina ngemuva kwesikhathi eside. Ukuphazamiseka okunamandla kwesicaphic umzimba kuyakhula emzimbeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo nabo, izimpawu zezinkinga zesifo sikashukela mellitus nazo zingabonakala:
- Ukudonsa okubukhali komonakalo nge-retina.
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda.
- Ubuhlungu enhliziyweni, angina pectoris.
- Ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwengcindezi yegazi.
- Izilonda ezi-Trophic zamaphethelo aphansi, amanxeba okuphila isikhathi eside angalapheki ngenxa yokulimala kwemithambo.
- Ukuvuvukala ebusweni nasemilenzeni.
- Ubuhlungu emilenzeni, ukulahleka kokuzwa endaweni yonyawo nomonakalo kwimicu yezinzwa.
- Ubuhlungu nokuzizwa usizi emhlane ongezansi, ukuthuthukiswa kokwehluleka kwezinso.
- Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi njenge-harbinger ye-coma ngokuguquguquka okubukhali futhi okubalulekile kushukela wegazi.
Izimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamandla isifo sikashukela esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa ngokushesha.
Isiguli singaba ne-swoon, ukuthuthumela emzimbeni, ukujuluka okubandayo, ukuphefumula okujulile nokuhlala njalo, ukuhlanza, iphunga le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni.
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela
Azikho kulezi zimpawu eziwuphawu lwesifo sikashukela kuphela.
Ngakho-ke, uma kutholakele ukwephulwa okuningana okunjalo, ukuxilongwa akunakwenziwa.
Qinisekisa noma uphikise ukuthi lesi sifo kungenzeka kuphela ngezifundo ezinjalo:
- Ukusheshisa ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose.
- Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose. Okuqukethwe kokudla okushukela egazini kanye namahora ama-2 ngemuva kokunqunywa kokusebenzisa ushukela.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-glycated hemoglobin. Le nkomba yenza sikwazi ukwazi izinga eliphakeme likashukela ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezedlule.
- Urinalysis ushukela.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwe-biochemical kwegazi nencazelo yamaprotheni e-C-reactive, kwesibindi nezinso, izinkomba ze-fat metabolism.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, ikakhulukazi sohlobo lwesibili, kungenzeka singazivezi ngokomtholampilo, kanti inhlala-kahle yeziguli ihlala inelisekile. Amazinga kashukela akhuphukile atholakala kuphela ezivivinyweni zaselebhu.
Ngakho-ke, zonke iziguli ezisengozini zikhonjiswa ucwaningo lwe-carbohydrate kanye ne-fat metabolism, kanye nokubonisana nodokotela wezifo zamehlo, udokotela wenhliziyo, udokotela oyi-neurologist kanye nephrologist.
Ukwanda koshukela wegazi, ngaphezu kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, kungavela nezinye izifo zohlelo lwe-endocrine, i-pathology yesibindi, i-pancreas. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka ungabaza ekuxilongeni, ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlolwa zingamiswa. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokhombisa izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela.
