I-insulin ingelinye lama-hormone abaluleke kakhulu akhiqizwa emzimbeni womuntu. Uthatha ingxenye ebonakalayo kuzo zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic, ikakhulukazi ku-metabolism yama-carbohydrate. I-insulin iletha ushukela kumaseli womzimba, inikela ekuthweni kwayo nasekukhiqizweni kwamandla.
Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi, ngasizathu sinye, kwesinye isikhathi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kungancipha kakhulu, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwesifo esingalapheki kangako njengesifo sikashukela. Ukunqunywa kwenani laleli hormone egazini lomuntu kusiza ukutadisha i-insulin engasebenzi noma, ngamafuphi, i-IRI.
Umsebenzi we-insulin
Ukuqonda ukuthi ibaluleke kangakanani i-insulin ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile komzimba, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza ini:
- Iletha i-glucose kuwo wonke amaseli omzimba, iqinisekisa ukutholwa kwayo okujwayelekile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-metabolic;
- Ilawula ukunqwabelana kwe-glycogen kumaseli wesibindi, okuthi, uma kunesidingo, iguqulwa ibe ushukela bese igcwalisa umzimba ngamandla;
- Kusheshisa ukufakwa kwamaprotheni namafutha;
- Kuthuthukisa ukuvama kwezimpawu zamaseli we-glucose nama-amino acid.
Ngakho-ke, ngokuntuleka kwe-insulin emzimbeni womuntu, ukusebenza cishe kwazo zonke izitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo kuyaphazamiseka. Lokhu kwenza isifo sikashukela sibe yingozi eyingozi, ebonakala ngezinkinga eziningi.
Inhloso yokuxilonga
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-insulin okungagunyaziwe kunqunywa yi-endocrinologist ngezinhloso ezilandelayo:
- Ukutholwa kwesifo sikashukela nokuzimisela kohlobo lwayo;
- Ukuxilongwa kwe-insulinomas (isimila se-pancreatic esithinta imfihlo ye-insulin ye-hormone);
- Izincazelo ze-hypoglycemia yokufakelwa ezibangelwa ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kwemijovo ye-insulin noma izidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic.
Ukuhlaziya, kusetshenziswa i-plasma yegazi.
Ukulungiselela ukuxilongwa
Ukuthola imiphumela efanele kakhulu yokuxilonga, isiguli kufanele silungiselele ngokufanele ukuhlolwa kwe-insulin engasebenzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele enqabe ukudla okungenani amahora angama-8. Kulokhu, idatha eyiqonde kakhulu ingatholwa ngokushesha okugcwele amahora angama-12.
Ngalesi sizathu, ukuxilongwa kwe-insulin kuvame ukwenziwa ekuseni, lapho isiguli sidla okokugcina ngesikhathi sokudla izolo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, iziphuzo ezingathinta izinga likashukela emzimbeni, okungukuthi itiye, ikofi namajusi, akufanele zichithwe.
Ekuseni, isiguli sivunyelwe ukuphuza kuphela ingilazi yamanzi ahlanzekile, ngaphandle kwezithasiselo ezingaphezulu. Itshungama ayinconywa noma ngabe ushukela ungekho ekwakhiweni kwayo. Udinga futhi ukwenqaba ngokuphelele ukuthatha noma imiphi imithi.
Uma lokhu kungenzekanga ngesizathu esithile, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukwazisa udokotela ngayo yonke imishanguzo ethathiwe ukuze akwazi ukulungisa imininingwane etholakele ngenxa yokuhlaziywa, futhi okungcono kakhulu, ukudlulisela ukuxilongwa kolunye usuku.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukugcizelela ukuthi yizo kuphela lezo ziguli ezingalashwa ngaphambilini nge-insulin ekwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-insulin. Iqiniso ukuthi amalungiselelo e-insulin aphambanisa kakhulu imiphumela yokuhlaziywa, ngoba ama-reagents asabela ngendlela efanayo kubo bobabili i-insulin yemvelo nasezintabeni zayo zokufakelwa.
Imiphumela yokuhlaziya
Imvamisa, okuqukethwe kwe-insulin engasebenzi emzimbeni we-plasma kufanele kube kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-24 mIU / L. Kwesinye isikhathi inkomba ejwayelekile ye-IRI ingahle ihluke uma izindlela ezingezona ezejwayelekile zokuxilonga zazisetshenziselwa ukuhlola isiguli. Kubalulekile futhi isilinganiso se-insulin ku-glucose, okufanele singabi ngaphezu kwe-0.3.
Lokhu kuhlaziywa kukuvumela ukuthi uthole ukuxilongwa okuyikho kwalezo ziguli ezinamapharamitha wokuhlola ushukela asemngceleni wejwayelekile. Lesi simo, njengomthetho, sibonisa ukukhula kwesiguli sikashukela i-mellitus noma ezinye izifo zamanyikwe.
Ngakho-ke, uma okuqukethwe kwe-insulini ku-plasma yegazi kungaphansi kakhulu kunokwejwayelekile esetshenzisiwe, lokhu kukhombisa ukwephulwa okukhulu kokucasulwa kwaleli hormone kanye nokuba khona kohlobo lweshukela sikashukela esigulini.
Kuhlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus, amazinga e-insulin ngokuvamile aphakanyiswa, okubonisa ukusebenza kwe-pancreatic okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokumelana kwezicubu ze-insulin esigulini.
Kubantu abahlushwa ukukhuluphala, amazinga e-insulin angaphakama kabili njengokujwayelekile. Kulokhu, ukwenza kube ngokwejwayelekile okuqukethwe kwe-IRI ku-plasma yegazi, kwanele ukulahlekelwa amakhilogremu angeziwe bese kulandela ukudla.
Izimo lapho isiguli singatholakala sinezinga eliphakeme le-insulin engasebenzi:
- I-Insulinoma;
- Thayipha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 (okungeyona insulin);
- Isifo sesibindi
- I-Acromegaly;
- I-Cushing's Syndrome;
- I-Myotonic dystrophy;
- Ukungabekezelelani kwe-Congenital to fructose ne-galactose;
- Ukukhuluphala okuphezulu.
Izinga eliphansi le-insulin libonakala kulezi zifo ezilandelayo:
- Thayipha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 (sincike ku-insulin);
- I-Hypopituitarism.
Amaphutha wokuxilonga
Njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lokuxilongwa, ukuhlaziywa kwe-insulin engasebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi akunikezi imiphumela efanele. Izici ezilandelayo zingathinta ukunemba kokuhlolwa:
- Ukwanda kwesifo esingelapheki esihlushwa yisiguli kungekudala ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa;
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray;
- Iphasela lezinqubo ezithile zomzimba.
Futhi, izici zokudla kwesiguli zingaba nethonya elihle emiphumeleni yokuhlaziywa. Ukuze ukutholwa kutholakale kunembile kakhulu emazingeni e-insulin, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, isiguli kufanele sizikhiphe ngokuphelele zonke izitsha ezinamafutha kanye namafutha ekudleni kwakhe.
Ukudla okungafanele kungavusela i-insulin neglucose, okuzoqoshwa ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa. Kodwa-ke, umphumela onjalo ngeke uvumele ukuhlolwa kwenhloso kwesimo sesiguli, ngoba kwabangelwa yisici sangaphandle futhi akulona uphawu lomuntu.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuthi kutholakale ukuxilongwa kokuqukethwe kwe-IRI ngokushesha, ngokubonakala kwezimpawu zokuqala zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-pancreatic. Lokhu kuzovumela isiguli ukuthi sihlole kahle isifo ekuqaleni kwesifo, okubaluleke kakhulu ekwelashweni kwesifo sikashukela.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngaphandle kokwelashwa okwanele, lokhu kugula kuholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu. Ukuphela kwendlela yokugwema izingqinamba ukukhomba lesi sifo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka bese uqala ukulwa okusebenzayo naso, futhi ngalokhu kufanele wazi ukuthi iyini. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izoveza izici eziphambili ze-insulin.
