Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ziyazi ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukulawula ngokuzimela amazinga eglucose egazini: impumelelo yokwelashwa, inhlala-kahle yabo, kanye namathemba okuthola impilo phambili ngaphandle kwezinkinga eziyingozi kuncike kulokhu.
Kulokhu, bavame ukuba nemibuzo ngokunemba kwezilinganiso kanye nokungafani emiphumeleni etholwe kusetshenziswa ama-glucometer ahlukene.
Isihloko sethu sizophendula le mibuzo.
Isiguli udokotela omncane
Ngokusho kwedokhumenti esemthethweni "Algorithms for Specialised Medical Care for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus of the Russian Federation", ukuziqapha kwe-glycemia yisiguli kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa, akubaluleke kangako njengokudla okufanele, umsebenzi womzimba, i-hypoglycemic kanye ne-insulin. Isiguli esiqeqeshwa eSikoleni Soshukela sibhekwa njengomhlanganyeli ogcwele ohlelweni lokuqapha isifundo sesi sifo, njengodokotela.
Ukulawula amazinga eglucose, abanesifo sikashukela badinga ukuba ne-glucometer ethembekile ekhaya, futhi, uma kungenzeka, okubili ngezizathu zokuphepha.
Yiliphi igazi elisetshenziselwa ukunquma i-glycemia
Unganquma ushukela wakho wegazi ngokuthi venous (kusuka eVienna, njengoba igama lisho) ne capillary (kusuka emithanjeni yeminwe noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba) zegazi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungakhathalekile ukuthi uthini uthango, ukuhlaziya kuyenziwa noma lonke igazi (nazo zonke izinto zalo), noma ku-plasma wegazi (isakhi soketshezi segazi esiqukethe amaminerali, usawoti, ushukela, amaprotheni, kodwa kungenawo ama-leukocytes, amaseli abomvu egazi namapulatelethi).
Uyini umehluko?
Igazi leVenous igeleza kude nezicubu, ngakho-ke, i-glucose ekuwo iphansi: ukukhuluma ngokungaphambuki, ingxenye ye-glucose ihlala ezicutshini nasezithanjeni ezishiyile. A igazi le-capillary kuyafana ekwakhiweni okwenziwa ngokungezwani, okuya kuphela ezicutshini nasezitho zomzimba futhi kugcwele kakhulu umoya-mpilo nezakhi zomzimba, ngakho-ke kunoshukela omningi kuwo.
In lonke igazi izinga ushukela liphansi ngoba lixutshwe namaseli abomvu egazi angenawo ushukela ku-plasma ngaphezulu, ngoba ayinawo amangqamuzana egazi abomvu nezinye izinto okuthiwa zakhiwe.
Ushukela wegazi
Ngokwezindinganiso ze-WHO zika-1999/2013, ezisebenza ngesikhathi sokubhalwa lokhu (ngoFebhuwari, 2018), izinkambiso zamazinga kashukela ngale ndlela elandelayo:
KUBALULEKILE! E-Russia, ngokusemthethweni, amazinga kashukela egazi abalwa ngesisekelo sezinkomba ze-capillary.
Kuhlaziywa kanjani amamitha eglucose egazi
Iningi lamamitha eglucose egazi asetshenziselwa ekhaya anquma izinga likashukela ngegazi le-capillary, noma kunjalo, amanye amamodeli enzelwe igazi eliphelele le-capillary, kanti amanye - nge-plillma yegazi. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga i-glucometer, okokuqala, nquma ukuthi uluphi uhlobo lokucwaninga olwenziwa yidivayisi yakho ethile.
Kukhona indinganiso esemthethweni yamazwe amaningi ezokusiza ukuguqula ukugcwala kweglucose egazini lonke ukuze ilingane ne-plasma kanye okuphambene nalokho. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa i-coefflements engaguquki engu-1.12.
Guqula kusuka egazini lonke liye ku-plasma
Njengoba sikhumbula, ukugcwala kwe-plasma ushukela kuphezulu, ngakho-ke, ukuthola amanani eglucose kuyo, udinga ukuthatha ukufundwa kwe-glucose egazini lonke bese uliphindaphinda ngo-1.12.
Isibonelo:
Idivayisi yakho ilinganiselwe igazi lonke futhi ikhombisa u-6.25 mmol / L
Inani ku-plasma lizoba ngale ndlela elandelayo: 6.25 x 1.12 = 7 mmol / l
Guqula kusuka ku-plasma ibe yigazi lonke
Uma udinga ukuhumusha inani lamapharamitha e-plasma kumanani wegazi le-capillary, udinga ukuthatha ukufundwa koshukela ku-plasma bese ukuhlukanisa ngo-1.12.
Isibonelo:
Insimbi yakho ilinganiswe nge-plasma futhi ikhombisa i-9 mmol / L
Inani ku-plasma lizoba ngale ndlela elandelayo: 9: 1.12 = 8, 03 mmol / L (lakhiwe laya kumakhulu amakhulu)
Amaphutha avumelekile ekusebenzeni kwemitha
Ngokusho kwe-GOST ISO yamanje, la maphutha alandelayo avumelekile ekusebenzeni kwamamitha kashukela egazi:
- ± I-15% yemiphumela engaphezu kuka-5.55 mmol / L
- ± I-0.83 mmol / L yemiphumela engekho ngaphezu kwe-5.55 mmol / L.
Kuyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi lokhu kuphambuka akudlali indima eqondile ekuphathweni kwalesi sifo futhi akuhlanganisi imiphumela ebucayi empilweni yeziguli.
Kukholelwa futhi ukuthi amandla wamanani, hhayi amanani uqobo, abaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha i-glucose egazini lesiguli, ngaphandle uma kuyindaba yamanani abucayi. Esimweni lapho izinga likashukela wegazi lesiguli liphezulu ngokwengozi noma liphansi, kuyaphuthuma ukufuna usizo olukhethekile kodokotela abaphethe imishini yokusebenza efanelekile yelebhu.
Ngingalitholaphi igazi le-capillary
Amanye ama-glucometer akuvumela ukuthi uthathe igazi kuphela kwiminwe yakho, kanti ochwepheshe batusa ukusebenzisa indawo eseceleni yeminwe, ngoba kunama-capillaries amaningi kuyo. Amanye amadivaysi ahlonyelwe ngezigqoko ezikhethekile ze-AST zokuthatha igazi kwezinye izindawo.
Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ngisho amasampula athathwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba ngasikhathi sinye azohluka kancane ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kokugeleza kwegazi kanye ne-glucose metabolism. Okusondele kakhulu ezinkombeni zegazi ezithathwe emunweni, ezithathwa njengejwayelekile, amasampula atholakala ezintendeni zezandla namacici endlebe. Ungasebenzisa futhi izingalo ezingemuva zohlaka, ihlombe, ithanga namathole.
Kungani ama-glucometer ehlukile
Ngisho nokufundwa kwamamodeli afanayo ngokuphelele ama-glucometer womkhiqizi ofanayo kungenzeka kwehluka ngaphakathi komugqa wephutha, ochazwe ngenhla, futhi yini esingayisho ngamadivayisi ahlukile! Zingalinganiswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zokuhlola (igazi eliphelele le-capillary noma i-plasma). I-laboratories yezokwelapha ingahle ibe nokulinganiselwa kwemishini namaphutha ngaphandle kwedivayisi yakho. Ngakho-ke, akunangqondo ukubheka ukufundwa kwedivayisi eyodwa ngokufundwa komunye, okufana ncamashi, noma elebhu.
Uma ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemitha yakho, kufanele uthinte ilabhorethri ekhethekile egunyazwe yiRussian Federal Standard ekuqalweni komenzi wensiza yakho.
Futhi manje okwengeziwe ngezizathu ukufundwa okuhluke kakhulu amamodeli ehlukene wama-glucometer nokufundwa okuyiphutha kwamadivayisi. Vele, zizoba zisebenza ngesimo kuphela lapho amadivaysi esebenza ngokufanele.
- Izinkomba ze-glucose ezilinganiswe ngasikhathi sinye kuncike ekutheni divayisi ilinganiswa kanjani: igazi eliphelele noma iplasma, i-capillary noma i-venous. Qiniseka ukuthi ufunda ngokucophelela imiyalo yamadivayisi akho! Sesibhale ukuthi ungakuguqula kanjani ukufundwa kwegazi lonke ku-plasma noma okuphambene nalokho.
- Umehluko wesikhathi phakathi kwamasampula - Ngisho nengxenye yehora idlala indima. Futhi uma, sithi, uthathe umuthi phakathi kwamasampula noma ngisho nangaphambi kwawo, nawo ungathinta imiphumela yokulinganisa kwesibili. Ikhono loku, ngokwesibonelo, ama-immunoglobulins, ama-levodopa, inani elikhulu le-ascorbic acid nabanye. Okufanayo kuyasebenza, kunjalo, ekudleni, ngisho nokudla okulula.
- Amaconsi athathwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba.. Ngisho nokufundwa kwamasampula kusuka emunwe nasentendeni yesandla kuzohluka kancane, umehluko phakathi kwesampula kusuka emunweni bese, uthi, indawo yamathole inamandla ngokwengeziwe.
- Ukungalandelwa kwemithetho yenhlanzeko. Awukwazi ukuthatha igazi emilenzeni emanzi, ngoba noma uketshezi oluyintsalela luthinta ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kokwehla kwegazi. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-alcohol ukusonga ukukhipha amagciwane endaweni yokubhoboza, isiguli asilindi kuze kube yilapho utshwala noma enye i-antiseptic inyamalala, nakho okushintsha ukwakheka kokuphonsa kwegazi.
- Isikhafu esingcolile. Isikhafu esisebenzisekayo sizothwala isampula lamasampula adlule futhi "sizongcolisa" okusha.
- Izandla ezibandayo kakhulu noma enye indawo yokubhula. Ukujikeleza kwegazi okungekuhle endaweni lapho kuthathwa amasampula egazi kudinga umzamo owengeziwe lapho kufafazwa igazi, eligcwalisa ngokweqile okuphathelene noketshezi olungene emzimbeni futhi “kuyiciphise”. Uma uthatha igazi ezindaweni ezimbili ezahlukene, buyisela ukuhamba kwegazi kubo kuqala.
- Ukwehla kwesibili. Uma ulandela izeluleko zokulinganisa amanani avela ekwehleni kwesibili kwegazi, usula owokuqala ngotshani bekotini, lokhu kungenzeka kungalungi kudivayisi yakho, ngoba kune-plasma ethe xaxa ekwehleni kwesibili. Futhi uma imitha yakho ikalwa ngegazi le-capillary, izokhombisa amanani aphezulu athe xaxa uma kuqhathaniswa nedivaysi yokuthola ushukela egxini le-plasma - kuleso sisetshenziswa kufanele usebenzise amaconsi okuqala wegazi. Uma usebenzise ithonsi lokuqala kudivayisi eyodwa, bese usebenzisa owesibili ukusuka endaweni efanayo kwenye - ngenxa yegazi elingeziwe emunweni wakho, ukwakheka kwalo kuzoshintsha futhi ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya-mpilo, okuzohlanekezela imiphumela yokuhlolwa ngokuqinisekile.
- Umthamo wegazi ongalungile. Ama-glucmeter akalwa ngegazi le-capillary ngokuvamile anquma izinga legazi lapho iphoyinti lokuthinta lithinta umucu wokuhlola. Kulokhu, umucu wokuvivinya uqobo “usenga” ithonsi legazi levolumu oyifunayo. Kepha kwakusetshenziswa amadivaysi angaphambili (futhi mhlawumbe elinye lakho lelo) elalidinga ukuthi isiguli siphonse igazi emgqeni futhi silawule umthamo waso - bekubalulekile ukuthi ukwehla bekukukhulu impela, futhi kube namaphutha lapho kuhlaziywa inani elincane kakhulu . Ejwayele le ndlela yokuhlaziya, isiguli singase siphendukezele imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwensiza entsha uma kubonakala kuye ukuthi igazi elincane selingeniswe emgqeni wokuhlola, futhi 'simba' okuthile okungadingekile ngempela.
- Ukwehla kwegazi. Siyaphinda: kuma-glucometer amaningi anamuhla, imichilo yokuhlola idonsa ngokwayo inani elifanele legazi ngokwabo, kodwa uma uzama ukusakaza igazi kubo, umucu wokuhlola awutholi isilinganiso esifanele segazi futhi ukuhlaziya kuzobe kungalungile.
- Ithuluzi noma amathuluzi alinganiswe kahle. Ukuqeda leli phutha, umenzi udonsela ukunaka kweziguli kunesidingo sokulandela imininingwane yokulinganisa ku-chip chip kanye nemichilo.
- Imigqa yokuvivinya enye yamadivayisi ibiyiyo imibandela yokubekelwa kwephuliwe. Isibonelo, imichilo ibigcinwa endaweni enomswakama kakhulu. Isitoreji esingalungile sisheshisa ukuqhekeka kwe-reagent, okuyiqiniso, okuzohlanekezela imiphumela yocwaningo.
- Impilo yeshalofu yemichilo yezinsimbi isiphelelwe yisikhathi. Inkinga efanayo nge-reagent echazwe ngenhla iyenzeka.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa at izimo zemvelo ezingemukeleki. Izimo ezifanele zokusebenzisa imitha yilezi: ukuphakama kwendawo akuyona ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-3 000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, izinga lokushisa likububanzi be-10-40 degrees Celsius, kanti umswakama ungu-10-90%.
Kungani izinkomba zaselebhu kanye ne-glucometer zingafani?
Khumbula ukuthi umqondo wokusebenzisa izinombolo ezivela elabhorethri ejwayelekile ukuhlola imitha kashukela egazini ekuqaleni ayilungile. Kukhona izindawo zokucwaninga ezikhethekile zokubheka imitha yakho kashukela.
Iningi lezizathu zokungafani ekuhlolweni kwelebhu kanye nasekhaya kuzofana, kepha kunomehluko. Siveza okuyinhloko:
- Uhlobo oluhlukile lokulinganisa insimbi. Khumbula ukuthi imishini esetshenziselwa elabhorethri nasekhaya ingakwazi (futhi kungenzeka kakhulu) ibhekelwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zegazi - i-venous and capillary, whole and plasma. Ukuqhathanisa amanani la akulungile. Njengoba izinga le-glycemia eRussia linqunywa ngokusemthethweni ngegazi le-capillary, ubufakazi bobulebhu emiphumeleni ephepheni bungaguqulelwa emananini alolu hlobo lwegazi ngokusebenzisa i-coefficient 1.12 esesivele siyazi. Kodwa noma ngabe kunjalo kuleli cala, ukungafani kuyenzeka, ngoba imishini elebhu ilungile kakhudlwana, futhi iphutha elivunyelwe ngokusemthethweni lamamitha eglucose asekhaya ngu-15%.
- Izikhathi zokusampula kwegazi ezahlukahlukene. Noma ngabe uhlala eduzane nelabhorethri futhi sekudlule imizuzu eyi-10, ukuhlolwa kusazokwenziwa ngesimo esingokomzwelo nangokomzimba, esizophazamisa izinga likashukela egazini.
- Izimo ezihlanzekile zokuhlanzeka. Ekhaya, kungenzeka ugeze izandla zakho ngensipho womile (noma ungomile), lapho ilabhorethri isebenzisa i-antiseptic yokubulala amagciwane.
- Ukuqhathanisa kokuhlaziywa okuhlukile. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated ekhombisa ushukela wakho ojwayelekile weglue ezinyangeni ezi-3-4 ezedlule. Vele, akunangqondo ukukuqhathanisa nokuhlaziywa kwamanani wamanje izokhonjiswa imitha yakho.
Ungakuqhathanisa kanjani imiphumela yokucwaninga elebhu kanye nokwasekhaya
Ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa, udinga ukuthola ukuthi imishini ilinganiswa kanjani elabhorethri, imiphumela yakho ofuna ukuyifanisa nekhaya lakho, bese udlulisela izinombolo zeLaborator ohlelweni olulinganayo lapho imitha yakho isebenza khona.
Ukuze kubalwe, sidinga i-coefflements eyi-1.12, ebishiwo ngenhla, kanye ne-15% lephutha elivumelekile ekusebenzeni kwemitha kashukela wegazi ekhaya.
Imitha yakho kashukela egazini ikalwa ngegazi eliphelele kanye ne-plasma yakho ehlaziya
Imitha yakho kashukela egazini iyalinganiswa nge-plasma futhi kuhlaziywa ilebhu yakho yegazi lonke
Imitha yakho nelebhu kukalwa ngendlela efanayo.
Kulokhu, ukuguqulwa kwemiphumela akudingeki, kepha akumelwe sikhohlwe mayelana ne-± 15% yephutha elivumelekile.
Yize umugqa wephutha ungama-15% kuphela, umehluko ungabonakala umkhulu ngenxa yamanani aphezulu eglucose egazini. Kungakho abantu bevame ukucabanga ukuthi uhlelo lwabo lwendlu alunembile, noma empeleni alunjalo. Uma, ngemuva kokuphindwa, ubona ukuthi umehluko ungaphezu kwe-15%, kufanele uthintane nomenzi wemodeli yakho ukuthola izeluleko futhi uxoxe ngesidingo sokubuyisa ucingo lwakho.
Yini okufanele ibe yimitha kashukela wekhaya
Manje njengoba sesizitholile izizathu ezingenzeka zokungafani phakathi kokufundwa kwama-glucometer nemishini yaselebhu, kungenzeka ukuthi usuqiniseka ngokwengeziwe ngalaba basizi basekhaya ababaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwezilinganiso, amadivayisi owathengayo kumele abe nezitifiketi ezigunyaziwe kanye newaranti yomkhiqizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, naka lezi zici ezilandelayo:
- Umphumela osheshayo
- Imichilo yesayizi emincane emincane
- Usayizi wemitha olula
- Ukulula kwemiphumela yokufunda kuboniswa
- Amandla wokuthola inani le-glycemia ezindaweni ezingekho emunweni
- Imemori yedivayisi (nosuku nesikhathi sesampula yegazi)
- Easy ukusebenzisa imitha nokuvivinya imichilo
- Ukufakwa amakhodi okulula noma ukukhethwa kwedivayisi, uma kunesidingo, faka ikhodi
- Ukunemba kokulinganisa
Izinhlobo esezivele zaziwa kakhulu zama-glucometer nama-novelties anezimpawu ezinjalo.
- Isibonelo, imitha yeglucose yasekhaya I-Satellite Express.
Idivayisi ikalwa ngegazi eliphelele futhi ikhombisa umphumela ngemuva kwemizuzwana eyi-7. Ithonsi legazi liyadingeka lincane kakhulu - 1 μl. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igcina imiphumela yamuva engu-60. Imitha yokuvezwa kwesethelayithi inentengo ephansi yemichilo kanye newaranti engenamkhawulo.
2. IGlucometer I-Thinta eyodwa Khetha® Plus. 
Ibalwa yi-plasma yegazi futhi ikhombisa umphumela ngemuva kwemizuzwana eyi-5. Idivayisi igcina imiphumela yokulinganisa yakamuva engu-500. I-One Touch Select® Plus ikuvumela ukuthi usethe imikhawulo ephezulu nephansi yokugxila kwe-glucose wena ngamunye, uthatha amamaki okudla. Isikhombi sobubanzi be-tri-color sibonisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi i-glucose yakho yegazi isebangeni okuhlosiwe noma cha. Ikhithi ifaka ipeni elilungele ukubhoboza kanye necala lokugcina nokuthwala imitha.
3. Kusha - glucose imitha i-Accu-Chek Performa.
Kubalwa futhi nge-plasma futhi kukhombisa umphumela ngemuva kwemizuzwana emi-5. Izinzuzo ezinkulu ukuthi i-Accu-Chek Performa ayidingi ukufaka amakhodi futhi ikhumbuza ngesidingo sokuthatha izilinganiso. Njengomodeli wangaphambilini kuhlu lwethu, inenkumbulo yokulinganisa okungu-500 kanye namanani ajwayelekile ngesonto, amaviki ama-2, inyanga nezinyanga ezi-3. Ukuhlaziywa, ithonsi legazi le-0,6 μl kuphela liyadingeka. Reg. ukushaya Cha. FSZ 2008/01306
Kukhona ukuphambana. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, bonisana nochwepheshe.
