Umzimba womuntu ulungiselelwe, yonke imishini yokusebenza yesibili. Ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwayo okuqhubekayo, ama-hormone adlala indima ebalulekile.
Isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi ikhipha izifiso zikagesi kuwo wonke amasistimu nezitho zomzimba. Futhi, uhlelo lwe-endocrine lufihla i-insulin, i-glucagon namanye ama-hormone adingekayo ekusebenzeni komzimba womuntu.
Ama-pancreatic mahormone
Izinhlelo ze-exocrine ne-endocrine ziyingxenye yamathumbu ayisisekelo. Ukuze ukudla okungena emzimbeni kugqekeze kube amaprotheni, amafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlelo lwe-exocrine lusebenze ngokugcwele.
Yile ndlela ekhiqiza okungenani u-98% wejusi yokugaya ukudla, lapho kunama-enzyme adiliza ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hormone alawula zonke izinqubo zomzimba.
Ama-hormone aphambili we-pancreas yile:
- Insulin
- I-peptide
- Insulin
- I-Glucagon.
Onke ama-hormone e-pancreatic, kufaka phakathi i-glucagon ne-insulin ahlobene kakhulu. I-insulin inendima yokuqinisekisa ukuqina kwe-glucose, ngaphezu kwalokho, igcina izinga lama-amino acid omzimba.
I-Glucagon isebenza njengohlobo lokuvuselelayo. Le hormone ibopha ndawonye zonke izinto ezidingekayo, zizithumela egazini.
I-hormone i-insulin ingakhiqizwa kuphela ngezinga eliphakeme le-glucose egazini. Umsebenzi we-insulin ukubopha ama-receptors kuma-membranes weseli, nawo uwahambisa esitokisini. Ngemuva kwalokho i-glucose iguqulwa ibe yi-glycogen.
Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izitho ezidinga i-insulin njengomgcini weglucose. I-glucose iyangenwa kungakhathalekile ukuthi kune-insulin emangqamuzaneni:
- Izibilini
- Ingqondo
- Isibindi
- Izinso.
Uma kune-insulin encane kakhulu kuma-pancreas, khona-ke lokhu kungadala i-hyperglycemia. Isimo siyingozi impela lapho ushukela ophuma egazini awunakungena emangqamuzaneni. Imiphumela yako ingaba yizihlungu ezibuhlungu, futhi nokufa kliniki. Funda kabanzi ngama-nuances ahlukahlukene esihlokweni i-insulin ephansi enoshukela ojwayelekile.
Uma okuphambene nalokho, i-insulin yama-hormone ikhiqizwa kakhulu kumanyikwe, ke ushukela usetshenziswa ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ukugxila kwawo egazini kwehla kakhulu, okuholela ku-hypoglycemia. Lesi simo futhi siholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu, kuze kufinyelele ku-coma ye-hypoglycemic.
Indima ye-glucagon emzimbeni
I-glucagon yama-hormone ibandakanyeka ekwakhekeni kwe-glucose esibindini futhi ilawula okuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu egazini. Ngokusebenza okujwayelekile kohlelo lwezinzwa oluyimfihlo, kubalulekile ukulondolozela ukugcwala kweglucose egazini njalo. Lokhu kucishe kube ngama-4 amagremu ngehora elilodwa lesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi.
Umphumela we-glucagon ekukhiqizeni ushukela esibindini unqunywa yimisebenzi yawo. I-Glucagon ineminye imisebenzi, ivusa ukugqabhuka kwama-lipid ezicutshini ze-adipose, okunciphisa kakhulu i-cholesterol yegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, i-glucagon ye-hormone:
- Ngcono ukuhamba kwegazi ezinso;
- Kwenyusa izinga lokuphuma kwe-sodium kusuka kwizitho zomzimba, futhi futhi kugcina isilinganiso esifanele se-electrolytic emzimbeni. Futhi kuyisici esibalulekile emsebenzini wohlelo wenhliziyo;
- Iphinda ivuselele amaseli wesibindi;
- Kushukumisa ukukhishwa kwe-insulin kusuka kumaseli womzimba;
- Kwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-calcium ye-intracellular.
Ukweqisa kwe-glucagon egazini kuholela ekubonakala kwezimbila ezinesihlungu kumanyikwe. Kodwa-ke, umdlavuza wekhanda lama-pancreas ukuvela, uvela kubantu abangama-30 kwabayinkulungwane.
Imisebenzi eyenziwa yi-insulin ne-glucagon ayiphikiswa ngokwe-diametrically. Ngakho-ke, amanye ama-hormone abalulekile ayadingeka ukuze kulondolozwe amazinga eglucose egazini:
- i-cortisol
- adrenaline
- ukukhula kwehomoni.
Ukulawulwa kokufihlwa kwe-glucagon
Ukwanda kokudla kwamaprotheni kuholela ekwandeni kokuhlushwa kwama-amino acid: i-arginine ne-alanine.
Lawa ma-amino acid ashukumisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucagon egazini, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthathwa okuzinzile kwama-amino acid emzimbeni, ukunamathela ekudleni okunempilo.
I-glucagon yama-hormone iyisididididi esiguqula i-amino acid ibe ushukela, le yimisebenzi yayo esemqoka. Ngakho-ke, ukugcwala kwe-glucose egazini kuyakhuphuka, okusho ukuthi amaseli nezicubu zomzimba kuhlinzekwa ngawo wonke ama-hormone adingekayo.
Ngokungeziwe kuma-amino acid, i-glucagon secretion nayo ivuselelwa ngokusebenza ngokomzimba okusebenzayo. Ngokuthabisako, kufanele kwenziwe ngokomkhawulo wamandla wabantu. Ngaleso sikhathi nje, ukugxila kwe-glucagon kukhuphuka amahlandla ayisihlanu.
Isenzo se-Pharmacological ye-glucagon
IGlucagon isebenza kanjena:
- kunciphisa cramping
- kushintsha inani lokuqina kwenhliziyo
- yandisa inani le-glucose emzimbeni ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwe-glycogen nokwakheka kwayo njengenhlanganisela yezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Izinkomba zokusetshenziswa komthi okwelapha
I-glucagon yezidakamizwa ichazwe odokotela uma kwenzeka:
- Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, njengendlela yokwelapha eyethukile,
- Isifo sikashukela ngokuxilongwa okubonakalayo kwe-hypoglycemia (ushukela wegazi ophansi),
- Izifundo zensimbi nezelabhoratri zezitho zepheshana lesisu, njengomuthi osizayo,
- Isidingo sokuqeda i-spasm ku-acute diverticulitis,
- I-Pathology yepheshana elisetshenziswayo,
- Ukuqabula imisipha ebushelelezi yamathumbu nesisu.
Imiyalo yokusebenzisa i-glucagon
Ukuze usebenzise i-hormone ngezinjongo zokwelapha, kutholakala kuma-pancreas ezilwane njengenkunzi noma ingulube. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukulandelana kwama-amino acid ahlanganiswe ngeketeni kulezi zilwane nabantu kuyafana.
Nge-hypoglycemia, i-1 milligram ye-glucagon inqunywa ngaphakathi noma ngaphakathi kwe-intramuscularly. Uma kunesidingo ukuhlinzeka ngosizo oluphuthumayo, ke kusetshenziswa lezi zindlela zokulawulwa kwezidakamizwa.
Ukuhambisana nemiyalo eqondile yokusetshenziswa kweglue glucagon kukhombisa ukuthi ukuthuthuka esigulini esinoshukela omncane wegazi kwenzeka ngemuva kwemizuzu eyi-10. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ubungozi bomonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi.
Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi kwenqatshelwe ukuphatha i-glucagon ezinganeni ezinesisindo somzimba kuze kufike kumakhilogremu angama-25. Izingane zidinga ukufaka umthamo ongafika ku-500 mg futhi uqaphele isimo somzimba imizuzu engu-15.
Uma konke kuvamile, udinga ukwandisa umthamo ngama-30 mcg. Uma kwenzeka kuncipha izinqolobane ze-glucagon esibindini, kuyadingeka ukwandisa umthamo womuthi kaningana. Kuyenqatshelwa ukuzimela ngokuzinqumela ngokusetshenziswa komuthi.
Ngokushesha lapho isiguli sithuthuka, kunconywa ukudla ukudla kwamaprotheni, ukuphuza itiye elifudumele futhi uthathe isikhundla esilinganayo amahora angama-2 ukugwema ukuphinda uqhubeke.
Uma ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucagon kunganikeli imiphumela, kunconyelwa ukuphatha ushukela egazini. Imiphumela emibi ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-glucagon yisifiso sokuhlanza i-Reflex ne-nausea.
