Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus singenzeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezithile bese sitholakala, ngokwesibonelo, lapho sivakashelwa udokotela wezifo zamehlo ozokhomba isifo ngokuhlola i-fundus isiguli. Noma emnyangweni wezinhliziyo - lapho isiguli silaliswa esibhedlela ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
Noma kunjalo, lukhona lonke uhlu lwezimpawu ezisiza ekutholeni nasekuqondeni ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini isifo sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lwayo ngezimpawu ezinjalo lunganqunywa ekhaya ngokunembe ngokuphelele.
Ubunzima besifo sikashukela bunqunywa izinga le-insulin, iminyaka yesifo, isimo samasosha omzimba nezifo ezibakhona ngazo.
Okufanele ukunake
Uma umzimba ungenayo i-pathologies, ngemuva kokudla ku-plasma yegazi kuphakama ushukela. Kulokhu, ukuhlaziya akudingeki, leli iqiniso elaziwayo. Kepha ngemuva kwamahora angama-2-3, le nkomba ibuyela endaweni yayo yokuqala, noma ngabe udla okungakanani.
Lokhu kusabela komzimba kubhekwa njengento yemvelo, futhi ngomqondo ongalungile weglucose, kuyaphazamiseka. Futhi lapha kungavela izimpawu ongakwazi ngazo ukubala ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini isifo sikashukela nokuthi hlobo luni olukhulayo.
Uhlobo 1 noshukela 2 onesifo sikashukela kunezimpawu ezifanayo, kepha ubukhulu bokuqala bokubonisa kwazo buhluke kakhulu. Okokuqala, sibala izimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Umlomo owomile, ukoma okungapheli, nokuchama njalo
Izimpawu zokuqala ezesabekayo zomzimba ziyizimpawu ezixhumene: umlomo owomile, ukoma okungenakuqhathaniswa nokuchama okwandayo. Ukususa ushukela omningi osele egazini, izinso ziqala ukukhipha umchamo owengeziwe. Njengomthetho, le nqubo iqala ezingeni likashukela wegazi cishe ngu-8 mm / L.
Ngosuku, iziguli zingaphuza amalitha amanzi ayi-6-9 (le nkinga ibizwa nge-polydipsia), imvamisa ichama, okuvame ukuhambisana nomuzwa ovuthayo ovuthayo ngenxa yokutheleleka, ayeki ngisho nasebusuku. Imvamisa abantu abanesifo sikashukela bacabanga ukuthi bagijimela ethoyilethi kaningi ngoba baphuza kakhulu. Eqinisweni, okuphambene nalokho kuliqiniso: bomile kakhulu ngoba balahlekelwa uketshezi oluningi. Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela, umlomo owomile nokoma kuvela kungazelelwe.
Isikhumba esomile, ukumiswa, kanye namanxeba okuphulukisa awonakele
Umphumela wokuchama ukwanda wukuqina komzimba kancane kancane. Iqiniso lokuthi liyatholakala lingahlulelwa isikhumba esomile, esingenamikhawu nokulunywa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukomisa kunciphisa ukuphuma kwegazi - lokhu kuholela ekuphazamisekeni kokujikeleza kwegazi.
Isikhumba esomile nolwelwesi lwe-mucous, ukuhamba kwegazi okungekuhle kanye noshukela wegazi ophakeme kungaholela ekukhuleni kwezifo zokukhunta, ngokwesibonelo, endaweni yofuzo.
Amanxeba okuphulukiswa kabi (lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela "izono") nawo angaba uphawu lwalesi sifo: ngenxa yezinga likashukela wegazi, amagciwane asesilondeni azizwa emkhulu. Amanxeba omlenze angaholela kwisifo sikashukela sonyawo sikashukela.
Ukuthikamezeka kakhulu kwezifo
Ebantwini abanesifo sikashukela, izifo zamapheshana asesiswini, izifo ezithinta umchamo, i-gingivitis nezinye izifo zomlomo wesibeletho nazo zivamile, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zithambekele kakhulu ekungenweni yigciwane. Izimfuneko zokubonakala kwalezi zifo zingabhekwa njengolwelwesi lwe-mucous nolomile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivikeli mzimba zabo ziba buthaka ngenxa yokuhlinzekelwa kwegazi okungekuhle: amaseli wokuzivikela awakwazi ukuhanjiswa ngokushesha endaweni ethelelekile.
Ukulamba njalonjalo nokudla okuphezulu
Njengomthetho, avela ngenxa yokuthi umzimba awukwazi ukulawula amazinga kashukela asetshenziswa ngamaseli ukukhiqiza amandla.
Ukungakhathali, ukukhathala, ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka bemisipha
Ushukela ongafunwanga - ngaphandle kwe-insulin, ukufinyelela kulo mthombo wamandla kuvinjiwe - kuyaqhubeka ukuzungeza ngokungenanjongo egazini, okubandakanya ukuntuleka okukhulu kwamandla. Ngenxa yalokhu, iziguli zizizwa zikhungathekile futhi zikhathele ngokungapheli. Ngohlobo 1 sikashukela, ukukhathala nobuthakathaka kungakhula ngezinsuku ezimbalwa noma amahora!
Ukukhuluphala kuvamile kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kepha uhlobo 1 luvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokulahlekelwa isisindo esisheshayo, kungakhathalekile ukuthi umuntu uthatha ikhalori kangakanani. Iqiniso ngukuthi umzimba, ongenayo i-insulin ngaphandle kokuguqula i-glucose ibe amandla adingekayo empilweni, kufanele ubheke eminye imithombo yamandla. Umzimba uqala ukushisa amanoni kuqala, bese kuvela ithuba lokuthola amaprotheni kanye nemisipha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungathola ngezinkinga ekhaya, lapho umzimba ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa kukhombisa ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle.
Izimpawu zomzimba ezi-3 ngaphezulu okufanele ziqwashise
I-Visu acuity eshintsha usuku lonke, kungaba uphawu lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela. Isikhalazo esijwayelekile seziguli ezinje ehhovisi le-ophthalmologist zivame ukuzwakala ngokuthi "ekuseni yonke into ibisenkungwini, kepha ntambama ngibona okungcono kakhulu." Eminye imicimbi ingaqala ngokuya ngesimo esilandelayo: ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, umuntu uqala ukubona ngokungazelele ezingilazini noma ngamalensi asanda kukhethwa. Isizathu sokushintshashintsha okunjalo kungenzeka ukuthi sikhuphuke kakhulu ushukela wegazi, nguyena owandisa umfutho we-osmotic esweni, okuthi, uholele ekugcinweni kwamanzi kulensi yeso. Njengomphumela, ukwakheka kwamalensi kuyashintsha, futhi ngalo amandla okubona ngokucacile nawo ayashintsha.
Ukulahleka kokuzwa okungazelelwe futhi kungaba wuphawu lwakuqala. I-DM ingalimaza imizwa yendlebe engaphakathi futhi ngaleyo ndlela ithikameze ukuqonda kwesiginali yomsindo.
Ukudonsa ngamandla kanye nobukhulu ezandleni, iminwe nezinzwanekungaba uphawu olwethusayo. Ushukela wegazi ophakeme wehlisa ukuhamba kwegazi emalungeni nasezinhlizweni, kulimaze imicu yezinzwa.
Izimpawu ezilandelayo nazo zingavela:
- izikhala ematholeni;
- ukutheleleka kwesikhumba;
- ukuqothulwa kwezimila emaphethelweni;
- ukukhula kwezinwele zobuso;
- izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane;
- ukukhula okuphuzi okuncane emzimbeni (xanthomas);
- ukukhohlwa
- ukungathuthuki okungavunyelwanga;
- amazwe acindezelayo;
- I-balanoposthitis - ukuvuvukala kwejwabu emadodeni, okubangelwa ukuchama kaningi.
Izimpawu eziningi zilungele uhlobo 1 sikashukela. Namuhla, umbuzo omkhulu odokotela uthi: ungasibona kanjani isifo sikashukela? Kepha ungazibuza lo mbuzo ekhaya.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala
I-T1DM yisifo se-autoimmune lapho amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (i-T-lymphocyte) athathwa njengama-cell angabodwa akhiqiza i-insulin kumanyikwe futhi awabhubhise. Ngaleso sikhathi, umzimba udinga i-insulin ngokuphuthumayo ukuze amaseli akwazi ukudonsa ushukela. Uma ingekho i-insulin eyanele, khona-ke ama-molecule eglucose awakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi esitokisini, ngenxa yalokho, aqongelela egazini.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 sikhohlisa kakhulu: umzimba uqaphela ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kuphela lapho ama-75-80% amaseli we-beta obhekene nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin esebhujisiwe. Kungemva kokuba lokhu sekwenzekile, lapho kuvela khona izimpawu zokuqala: ukuhlushwa ukoma njalo, imvamisa yokuchama nokukhathala okungapheli.
Izimpawu eziphambili ezisiza ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi unganquma kanjani isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ukuguquguquka okubukhali kuzinga le-glucose esegazini: kusuka phansi kuya phezulu futhi okuphambene nalokho.
Kubalulekile kakhulu ukukhomba isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ngokushesha ezinganeni! Ngokuhamba kwesifo, ukushintshwa okusheshayo kwezinguquko ekuqaphelelweni kungenzeka.
Isibonakaliso esibaluleke ngokulinganayo sohlobo 1 sikashukela ukwehla kwesisindo ngokushesha. Ezinyangeni zokuqala, ingafinyelela amakhilogremu ayi-10-15. Ngokwemvelo, ukulahleka kwesisindo okubukhali kuhambisana nokusebenza kabi, ubuthakathaka obukhulu, ukozela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuqaleni isifiso sokudla sesiguli siphakeme kakhulu, udla kakhulu. Lezi yizimpawu zokunquma isifo sikashukela ngaphandle kokuhlolwa. Lapho lesi sifo sikhula ngokuqinile, isiguli sehla isisindo somzimba nokusebenza.
Ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, isikhumba asigcini nje somile: ama-capillaries ebusweni anwebeka, kuvela ukugqama okukhanyayo ezihlathini, esilevini nasebunzini.
Kamuva, i-anorexia, ebangela i-ketoacidosis, ingaqala. Izimpawu ze-ketoacidosis ngukucanuzelelwa kwenhliziyo, ukugabha, umoya omubi owaziwayo. Njengoba umzimba ungakwazi ukusebenzisa ushukela ukukhiqiza amandla ngokushoda kwe-insulin, kuyaphoqeleka ukuthi ubheke eminye imithombo yamandla. Futhi, njengomthetho, ubathola ezitolo ezinamafutha, ezibola kuze kube sezingeni lezidumbu ze-ketone. I-ketone engaphezulu iholela ekunyukeni kwe-acidity kanye ne-ketoacidosis. Isibonakaliso saso siwuphefumula obukhali, omubi (kubukeka sengathi unuka njenge-nail Kipolop remover, equkethe i-acetone). Kodwa-ke, umchamo ungangabhemi ngokuqina.
Uhlobo 1 sikashukela luvame ukutholakala kubantu abasha (5-10% wazo zonke iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ngabantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1), kepha abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 bavame ukutholakala benesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanti ukwelashwa okufanele kuhloswe ngaso kwehlisa ushukela wegazi.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2
Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, amangqamuzana omzimba aya ngokuya angayinaki i-insulin. Ekuqaleni, umzimba ungasinxephezela lokhu kusilela ngokukhiqiza i-insulin engaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kumanyikwe kuyancipha - futhi ngasikhathi esithile sekuvele akwanele.
Kulolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela, izimpawu azizwakali, okwenza lesi sifo sibe yingozi ikakhulukazi. Iminyaka emihlanu noma imbala iyadlula ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale isifo.
Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, esifana nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, ukubekeka phambili kofuzo kubalulekile, kepha ukuba khona kokukhuluphala, umfutho ophakeme wempilo, kanye nendlela yokuphila yokuhlala idlala indima enkulu kakhulu.
Lesi sifo sivame ukuthintwa ngabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40. Ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu zesifo azivezi. Ukuxilongwa kaningi kwenziwa ngengozi lapho kuthathwa igazi esiswini esingenalutho. Izikhalazo zezimpawu ezinjengokuchama kaningi nokoma zivame ukungabikho. Imbangela enkulu yokukhathazeka kungaba ukulunywa kwesikhumba ezinsini nasemikhawulweni. Ngakho-ke, isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sivame ukutholakala ehhovisi lodokotela besikhumba.
Uma sibheka isithombe somtholampilo samuva salokhu kugula, ukuxilongwa kwaso kungenzeka kubambezeleke iminyaka eminingana, naphezu kokuba khona kwezimpawu. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokutholwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, odokotela bavame ukubona zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga, futhi yisizathu esikhulu sokuthi isiguli siye esikhungweni sezokwelapha.
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela kungenzeka futhi ehhovisi lodokotela ohlinzayo (ekhuluma ngonyawo lwesifo sikashukela). Isifo sikashukela sidluliselwa ku-Optometrist ngenxa yokulimazeka okubukwayo (retinopathy). Iqiniso lokuthi bane-hyperglycemia, iziguli kwi-cardiology zifunde ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
Ubunzima ekuqapheleni isifo sikashukela esiteji sokuqala yimbangela eyinhloko yezinkinga ezinkulu zesifo. Ngakho-ke, umuntu ngamunye kufanele acabangele impilo yakhe ngokucophelela futhi, ngokusola kokuqala, abonane nochwepheshe ngokushesha!
Ukuhlaziya
Ukuze unqume ngokunembile izinga ushukela ku-plasma yegazi, kwenziwa izivivinyo eziningi zelebhu:
- I-Urinalysis yeshukela nemizimba ye-ketone;
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose susceptibility;
- Ukunqunywa kwezinga le-hemoglobin, i-insulin ne-C-peptide egazini;
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi koshukela.
Ushukela wegazi
Ukuhlolwa kwesisu okungenalutho akwanele ukwenza ukuxilongwa okulungile. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, udinga ukunquma okuqukethwe ushukela amahora angama-2 ngemuva kokudla.
Kwesinye isikhathi (imvamisa ekuqaleni kwesifo) ezigulini kukhona ukwephulwa kuphela kokufakwa ushukela, kanti nezinga laso egazini lingaba semkhawulweni ojwayelekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzimba usebenzisa izinqolobane zawo zangaphakathi futhi usaziphatha ngokwawo.
Lapho uphasa isivivinyo segazi elisheshayo, kumele kulandelwe imithetho elandelayo:
- Ukudla kokugcina kufanele kwenzeke okungenani amahora ayi-10 ngaphambi kokusampula kwegazi;
- Ungathathi imishanguzo engashintsha imiphumela yokuhlolwa;
- kwenqatshelwe ukusebenzisa i-Vitamin C;
- Ngaphambi kokuthatha izivivinyo, izinga lokusebenza ngokomqondo nangokomzimba akufanele likhuphuke.
Uma kungenasifo, khona-ke ushukela wokuzila kufanele ube ku-3.3 - 3.5 mmol / L.
