I-Steroid sikashukela i-mellitus ibizwa nangokuthi isifo sikashukela esincike kwisifo sikashukela 1. Kubonakala njengomphumela wethamo eleqile le-corticosteroids (amahomoni e-adrenal cortex) egazini isikhathi eside.
Kwenzeka ukuthi isifo sikashukela se-steroid senzeka ngenxa yezinkinga zezifo lapho kukhula khona ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone, ngokwesibonelo, ngesifo sika-Itsenko-Cushing.
Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo sivame ukwenzeka ngemuva kokwelashwa isikhathi eside ngemithi ethile ye-hormonal, ngakho-ke, elinye lamagama lalesi sifo yisifo sikashukela sezidakamizwa.
Uhlobo lwe-steroid yesifo sikashukela ngokwemvelo lingeqembu le-extrapancreatic yezifo, ekuqaleni aluhlotshaniswa nokuphazamiseka kwepancreatic.
Ebantwini abangenakho ukuphazamiseka kuma-carbohydrate metabolism uma kwenzeka okweqile kwe-glucocorticoids, kwenzeka ngendlela emnene bese emuka ngemuva kokukhanselwa. Cishe i-60% yabantu abagulayo, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela 2 luvusa ukuguquguquka kwesimo esizimele sesifo se-insulin kuye kwesithembele ku-insulin.
Imithi yesifo sikashukela seSteroid
Izidakamizwa ze-Glucocorticoid, ezifana ne-dexamethasone, i-prednisone ne-hydrocortisone, zisetshenziswa njengezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala kwe:
- Isifo Somoya (Broth)
- Isifo samathambo;
- Izifo ze-Autoimmune: i-pemphigus, eczema, lupus erythematosus.
- I-Multiple Sclerosis.
Isifo sikashukela semithi singabonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwezimpawu zokuhlanza umzimba:
- I-thiazide diuretics: dichlothiazide, hypothiazide, nephrix, Navidrex;
- amaphilisi okulawula ukuzala.
Imithamo emikhulu ye-corticosteroids nayo isetshenziswa njengengxenye yokwelapha elwa nokuvuvukala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kokufakwa kwezinso.
Ngemuva kokufakelwa, iziguli kufanele zithathe imali yokucindezela ukungatheleleki kokuphila. Abantu abanjalo bathambekele ekuvuvukeni, okuthi, okokuqala, basongele ngqo isitho esitshaliwe.
Isifo sikashukela sokwelapha asakhiwa kuzo zonke iziguli, noma kunjalo, ngokudla okungapheli kwama-hormone, amathuba okuvela kwawo aphezulu kakhulu kunangesikhathi belapha ezinye izifo.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezivela kuma-steroid ziphakamisa ukuthi abantu basengozini.
Ukuze bangaguli, abantu abanothile kufanele banciphise umzimba labo abanesisindo esijwayelekile badinga ukuzivocavoca, futhi benze ushintsho ekudleni kwabo.
Lapho umuntu ezwa ngokubhekela phambili kwakhe kwisifo sikashukela, akunakusho ukuthi kufanele uphuze izidakamizwa ze-hormonal ngokuya ngokubona kwakho.
Izici zesifo nezimpawu
Isifo sikashukela seSteroid sikhethekile ngoba sihlanganisa nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 nesifo sikashukela 1. Lesi sifo siqala lapho inani elikhulu lama-corticosteroids liqala ukulimaza amaseli we-pancreatic beta.
Lokhu kuyahambisana nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Kodwa-ke, amaseli we-beta ayaqhubeka nokukhiqiza i-insulin isikhathi esithile.
Kamuva, umthamo we-insulin uyancipha, ukuzwela kwezicubu kuleli hormone nakho kuyaphazamiseka, okwenzeka ngesifo sikashukela 2.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amangqamuzana we-beta noma amanye awo ayachithwa, okuholela ekumeni lapho kwenziwa i-insulin. Ngakho-ke, lesi sifo siqala ukuqhubeka ngokufanayo nesifo sikashukela esijwayelekile esincike ku-insulin 1. Ukubonisa izimpawu ezifanayo.
Izimpawu ezibalulekile zesifo sikashukela esifana nehlobo lwesifo sikashukela:
- Ukuchama okuchazayo;
- Umile;
- Ukukhathala
Imvamisa, izinkomba ezisohlwini azikhombisi okuningi, ngakho-ke akuvamile ukuba zinakwe. Iziguli azilahli isisindo ngendlela ephakeme, njengoba kuhlobo 1 sikashukela, ukuhlolwa kwegazi akuhlali kwenza ukuthi kwenzeke ukuxilongwa.
Ukuxhuma ushukela egazini nomchamo kuyinto ephakeme ngokungavamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwezinombolo zemikhawulo ye-acetone esegazini noma umchamo akuvamile ukubonwa.
Isifo sikashukela njengengozi eyingozi yesifo sikashukela se-steroid
Inani lama-adrenal hormone landa kubo bonke abantu ngezindlela ezihlukile. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abantu abathatha i-glucocorticoids abanesifo sikashukela se-steroid.
Iqiniso ngukuthi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-corticosteroids enza okuthile kumanyikwe, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, anciphisa umphumela we-insulin. Ukuze ukuhlushwa koshukela egazini kuhlale kujwayelekile, ama-pancreas ayaphoqelelwa ukuthi asebenze ngomthwalo osindayo.
Uma umuntu enesifo sikashukela, khona-ke ukuzwela kwezicubu kuya ku-insulin sekuncishisiwe, futhi indlala ayi-100% ukubhekana nemisebenzi yayo. Ukwelashwa kweSteroid kufanele kwenziwe kuphela njengezinyathelo sokugcina. Ingozi yanda ngo:
- ukusetshenziswa kwama-steroid ngemithamo ephezulu;
- ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwama-steroid;
- isiguli ngokweqile.
Kumele kuqashelwe ekwenzeni izinqumo nalabo ngezikhathi ezithile abanamazinga kashukela aphezulu ngenxa yezizathu ezingachazwanga.
Isebenzisa i-glucocorticoids, ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela kuyakhuphuka, futhi lokhu kuyamangaza umuntu, ngoba ubengenokwazi nje ngesifo sakhe sikashukela.
Kulokhu, isifo sikashukela besimnene ngaphambi kokuthathwa kwama-glucocorticoids, okusho ukuthi izidakamizwa ezinjengama-hormonal zizosheshe zisenze lesi simo futhi zingasibangela nesimo esifana nokuthi sibe nesifo sikashukela.
Ngaphambi kokuyalela izidakamizwa zama-hormonal, abantu asebekhulile kanye nabesifazane abakhulueke ngokweqile kudingeka bahlolwe isifo sikashukela esisekupheleni.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela
Uma umzimba ungakabi nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, khona-ke isifo sikashukela sodokotela, njengohlobo 1 sikashukela, kodwa sinezici zohlobo 2 sikashukela, okungukuthi, ukumelana ne-insulin kwezicubu. Isifo sikashukela esinjalo siphathwa njengesifo sikashukela 2.
Ukwelashwa kuncike, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kulokho ngqo ukuphazamiseka kweziguli onakho. Isibonelo, kubantu abakhuluphele abasakhiqiza i-insulin, kukhonjiswa izidakamizwa zokunciphisa kanye noshukela ezinjenge-thiazolidinedione ne-glucophage. Ngaphezu kwalokho:
- Uma kunomsebenzi we-pancreatic oncishisiwe, khona-ke ukwethulwa kwe-insulin kuzowunika amandla okunciphisa umthwalo.
- Endabeni ye-atroph engaphelele yamaseli e-beta, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umsebenzi we-pancreatic uqala ukululama.
- Ngenhloso efanayo, kudliwe isidlo esiphansi se-carb.
- Kubantu abanesisindo esijwayelekile, kunconyelwa ukudla oku-9; abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile kufanele banamathele ekudleni uNo. 8.
Uma ama-pancreas engakhiqizi i-insulin, khona-ke inqunywe ngomjovo futhi isiguli sizodinga ukwazi ukuthi singawujova kanjani kahle i-insulin. Ukulawulwa kashukela wegazi nokwelashwa kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nesifo sikashukela 1. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amangqamuzana e-beta afile awakwazi ukubuyiselwa.
Icala elihlukile lokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela esifakwe izidakamizwa yisimo lapho kungenakwenzeka ukwenqaba ukwelashwa kwe-hormone, kepha umuntu uba nesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kungaba ngemuva kokufakelwa kwezinso noma lapho kukhona isifuba somoya esibuhlungu.
Izinga likashukela ligcinwa lapha, lisuselwa ekuphepheni kwama-pancreas kanye nezinga le-tiscctibility yezicubu ze-insulin.
Njengokusekelwa okwengeziwe, iziguli zingabekwa amahomoni e-anabolic alinganisa imiphumela yehomoni ye-glucocorticoid.
