Umqondo owemukelwa ngokujwayelekile ushukela wegazi ubhekisele kuzinga le-glucose egazini lomuntu. Le nto ebalulekile iqinisekisa ukusebenza komzimba wonke. Futhi, i-glucose iyadingeka ekusebenzeni kohlelo lobuchopho, olungaboni ukuthi yimaphi ama-carbohydrate.
Umlando walesi sisho uqalwa ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Ngalezo zinsuku, odokotela babethola ushukela wegazi owedlulele lapho isiguli sikhononda ngokuchama kaningi, ukoma nama-pustule emzimbeni.
Kungemva nje kweminyaka eminingi, ososayensi, ngenxa yezifundo eziningi kanye nokuhlolwa, bathola ukuthi ushukela udlala indima enkulu ekutholeni umzimba, ukwakheka kwakho okubangelwa ukuwohloka kwamakhabhohayidrethi ayinkimbinkimbi.
Ushukela udlala yiphi indima?
I-glucose, ushukela usebenza njengesisekelo esikhulu samandla ekusebenzeni okugcwele kwezicubu, amaseli, futhi ikakhulukazi ubuchopho. Ngaleso sikhashana, lapho ushukela wegazi elijwayelekile emzimbeni wehla kakhulu nganoma yisiphi isizathu, amafutha afakwa kulowo msebenzi, azama ukuxhasa umsebenzi wezitho zomzimba. Ehlelweni lokwephuka kwamafutha, kwakheka imizimba ye-ketone, ebanga ingozi ekusebenzeni okugcwele kwazo zonke izitho nohlelo lobuchopho.
Isibonelo esijabulisayo salesi simo yizingane okuthi ngesikhathi sesifo zifikelwe ukugwena nobuthakathaka, futhi ukugabha nokuqaqanjelwa kuvame ukubonwa. Lesi simo se-acetonemic sikhonjiswa ngenxa yokuthi umzimba omncane uthola ukushoda kwamandla okulwa nalesi sifo, ngenxa yalokho kukhipha ama-carbohydrate asweleyo emafutheni.
I-glucose ingena emzimbeni womuntu ngokusebenzisa ukudla. Ingxenye ebalulekile yento ihlala esibindini, yakha i-carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngesikhathi lapho umzimba udinga i-glucose, ama-hormone ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali aguqula i-glycogen ibe ushukela.
I-glucose ilawulwa kanjani
Ukuze i-glucose noshukela wegazi ube njalo, izinkomba zilawulwa yi-pancreatic hormone ekhethekile ebizwa nge-insulin.
Izici ezahlukahlukene zingathinta amazinga kashukela wegazi:
- Ukwehla kwamazinga kashukela emangqamuzaneni e-pancreas, ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucagon kuqala.
- Ama-hormone afana ne-adrenaline ne-norepinephrine, akhiqizwa emithanjeni ye-adrenal, akhuphula amazinga eglucose.
- I-Glucocorticoids, ama-hormone egilo akhiqizwa yizindlala ze-adrenal, lawo okuthiwa ama-hormone ama-command, akhiwa ezingxenyeni zobuchopho futhi aba nomthelela ekwenzeni i-adrenaline, nawo abe nomphumela oqondile.
- Izinto ezifana namahomoni zingaba nomphumela ofanayo.
Ngakho-ke, ama-hormone ambalwa athinta ukukhuphuka kweglucose yegazi, kuyilapho kungodwa kuphela okwehlisa.
Ngabe yini ushukela ojwayelekile kwabesilisa nabesifazane
Izinga le-glucose egazini alincike ebulilini bomuntu, ngakho-ke, kwabesifazane nakwabesilisa, izinkomba ziyefana.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela kuthathwa esiswini esingenalutho, amahora amaningi kuyenqatshelwa ukudla nokuphuza. Futhi, ngosuku olwandulele, ukulala okugcwele kuyadingeka. Ukuba khona kwanoma yiziphi izifo ezithathelwanayo kungasebenza kahle emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa, ngakho-ke igazi livame ukuthathwa ngoshukela kubantu abanempilo ngokuphelele noma, ngaphandle kwalokho, libonisa isimo somzimba.
Isibalo segazi elijwayelekile se-capillary kubantu abadala siyi-3.3-5,5 mmol / ilitha esiswini esingenalutho kanye no-7.8 mmol / ilitha ngemuva kokudla. Ngokwelinye uhlelo lokulinganisa, okuvumelekile kuvunyelwe yi-60-100 mg / dl.
Egazini eliphuma emthanjeni, isilinganiso sokuzila yi-4.0-6.1 mmol / litre. Uma imiphumela yokuhlola ikhombisa amazinga kashukela wegazi esiswini esingenalutho kuze kufike ku-6.6 mmol / ilitha, odokotela bavame ukuxilonga i-prediabetes. Lesi simo somzimba sidalwa ukwephulwa kokuzwela kwe-insulin futhi kudinga ukwelashwa okuphoqelekile kuze kube yilapho lesi sifo sikhula sikashukela. Ukucacisa ukutholakala kwezifo, kufanele uphumelele isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela.
Uma inqubo ejwayelekile yeglucose emadodeni idlula ngaphezu kuka-6.7 mmol / ilitha esiswini esingenalutho, odokotela baxilonga isifo sikashukela. Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwaleso sifo, isiguli singenisa isivivinyo esengeziwe sikashukela wegazi, sihlole igazi ukuze sikhuthazelele ushukela, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-glycated hemoglobin. Isifo sikashukela sitholakala sinezinga loshukela ushukela ongenalutho ongaphezu kuka-6.1 mmol / ilitha, izinga likashukela ngokuhlolwa kokubekezelela okungu-11.1 mmol
ilitha, i-glycated hemoglobin engaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-5.7.
Namuhla, ukuze uhlolwe igazi ukuze uthole ushukela, akudingekile ukuxhumana nomtholampilo. Ngokwesilinganiso esinembile samazinga kashukela ekhaya, kunamadivayisi akhethekile - ama-glucometer.
Kusetshenziswa imitha ekhaya
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ucingo, funda imiyalo emiyalweni.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa ngesisu esingenalutho, ngakho-ke, amahora angu-10 ngaphambi kokulinganisa, awukwazi ukuphuza nokudla.
- Izandla zigezwa kahle emanzini afudumele, emva kwalokho iminwe ephakathi neyindandatho igutshwe bese ihlanganiswa nesisombululo sotshwala esinesixazululo.
- Usebenzisa isikhafu esinqeni somunwe, udinga ukwenza ukubhoboza okuncane.
- Ithonsi lokuqala legazi lisulwe ngomshini kadoti, bese kuthi okwesibili kudonswe emseleni wokuhlolwa, obekwe kumamitha.
Ngemuva kwalokho, idivaysi ifunda imininingwane futhi ibonise umphumela.
Isivivinyo Sokubekezelela Ishukela
Ngosuku olwandulela ukuhlolwa, kuyadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe isivivinyo segazi sokuzila ukuze uthole imiphumela. Ngemuva kwalokho, ushukela ongu-75 g uqeda ku-200-300 g wamanzi afudumele bese kuthi isixazululo siphume sidakiwe.
Ngemuva kwamahora amabili, kuhlaziywa okusha kuthathwa emunweni, kuyilapho kwenqatshelwe ukudla, ukuphuza, ukubhema noma ukuhambisa ngenkuthalo phakathi kwenqubo.
Ukubekezelela kubhekwa njengokwephulwa uma ukufundwa kwe-glucose okusheshayo kufinyelela ku-7.8-11.1 mmol / lit. Emazingeni aphezulu, isifo sikashukela siyatholakala.
Yini inkomba kashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, umzimba uzwa ukuzwela okuphezulu kwe-insulin, okuhambisana nesidingo sokuhlinzeka amandla kumama nengane. Ngalesi sizathu, ushukela wegazi ngalesi sikhathi ungakhuphuka kancane. Inani elijwayelekile ngu-3.8-5.8 mmol / ilitha esiswini esingenalutho. Ngamazinga aphezulu, kuhlolwe ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kuyadingeka ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuqapha isimo se-glucose futhi unake ngokukhethekile ukuphambuka okungenzeka kusuka esivamile.
Emavikini angama-24 ukuya nane kokukhulelwa, ukumelana okwandisiwe komzimba kwi-insulin ekhiqizwayo kungenzeka, okuholela kwisifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, lesi simo singadlula sodwa, kepha kwezinye izikhathi, uma singanakwa, siba uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, inani lemizimba ye-ketone egazini liyakhuphuka futhi nezinga lama-amino acid liyancipha.
Ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesifo, kubalulekile ukuthatha zonke izivivinyo ezibekwe udokotela. Ukuqaphelisisa kufanele kuboniswe uma owesifazane okhulelwe eyeqile ngokweqile noma kuba khona abanesifo sikashukela phakathi kwezihlobo.
Esikhathini sokukhulelwa okujwayelekile, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuyanda ekugcineni kwe-trimester yesibili neyesithathu, esiza umama nengane ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazi evamile. Ngokuvamile, amazinga okukhulelwa angashintsha futhi uma umuntu wesifazane emdala kuneminyaka engama-30 noma owesifazane esanda isisindo.
Izimpawu eziphambili ezikhombisa ukuthi ingozi yowesifazane okhulelwe yokuba nesifo sikashukela ingahlukaniswa:
- Ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla;
- Izinkinga ezijwayelekile zokuchama;
- Owesifazane uhlala womile;
- Owesifazane okhulelwe unomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Ukucacisa lokhu kutholakala, kuhlolwa igazi nomchamo.
Ukuze uvikele ukukhula kwesifo, owesifazane kufanele aqaphele indlela adla ngayo. Kuyadingeka ukukhipha ekudleni konke ukudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate ngamanani amakhulu - ama-confectionery, ukudla okunamafutha, okuphelele nobisi oluhlisiwe, amasoseji, isinqe, ushokoledi no-ayisikhilimu, kukho konke lokhu kunethebula lokudla lokudla elisiza ekuhlanganiseni ukudla.
Futhi, ukugeza okupholile okujwayelekile noma ukugeza okuhlukile, nokuzivocavoca okukhanyayo okulula kunomthelela ekwehleni kokusebenza.
Uyini umkhuba ushukela ezinganeni
Isici somzimba wengane sisezingeni eliphansi loshukela wegazi ofinyelela eminyakeni emibili. Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 ubudala, ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile uvame ukuba ngu-2.8-4.4 mmol / ilitha, kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu, u-3.3-5.0 mmol / ilitha uthathwa njengokujwayelekile. Eminyakeni yobudala, izinkomba ziyefana nakwabadala.
Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela ushukela kuyadingeka uma izinga lokuzila kwengane lenyuka laya ku-6.1 mmol / litre.
Lesi sifo singakhula ezinganeni nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Imvamisa, imibandela yalesi sifo ibonakala ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, lapho ingane ineminyaka engu-6 kuya ku-10, kanye nasebusheni. Izimbangela zokuqala kwalesi sifo emzimbeni wezingane okwamanje aziqondakali ngokuphelele ngomuthi, kepha izibonakaliso zesifo sikashukela kufanele zifundwe.
Imvamisa, isifo sikashukela sitholakala ezinganeni ezihlaselwe yisifo esithathelwanayo, yingakho zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukudla okungenamsoco kungaholela ekukhuleni kweglucose yegazi lapho ukudla kwengane kuqukethe ama-carbohydrate amaningi, futhi akukho mafutha namaprotheni anele. Lokhu kudala ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic emzimbeni.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isifo sikashukela singatholakala kubazali noma ezihlotsheni. Uma bobabili abazali benaso lesi sifo, amathuba okuthola lesi sifo enganeni angamaphesenti angama-30, uma othile enesifo sikashukela, amaphesenti ayishumi.
Uma elinye lamawele litholakala ukuthi linesifo sikashukela, ingane yesibili nayo iba sengozini, ibe sengozini yamaphesenti angama-50.
Ukuzivocavoca okwedlulele ngokomzimba, ukucindezelwa kwengqondo nezidingo zokukhuluphala kwengane nakho kungaba imbangela yesifo sikashukela.
