I-Insulin Humulin (Okujwayelekile, NPH, M3 ne-M2)

Enye yezidakamizwa ezihamba phambili zabanesifo sikashukela ngokuya ngamanani nokusebenza kahle yiHumulin insulin, eyenziwe yinkampani yaseMelika u-Eli Lily nabasizi bayo kwamanye amazwe. Uhla lwama-insulin akhiqizwa ngaphansi kwaleli gama lomkhiqizo lifaka izinto ezimbalwa. Kukhona futhi i-hormone emfishane eyenzelwe ukwehlisa ushukela ngemuva kokudla, nesidakamizwa esiphakathi nendawo esiklanyelwe ukwenza ngokwejwayelekile i-glycemia esheshayo.

Kukhona futhi inhlanganisela eyenziwe ngomumo yama-insulin amabili okuqala ngokusebenza kuze kube ngamahora angama-24. Zonke izinhlobo zeHumulin zisetshenzisiwe ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela amashumishumi eminyaka, futhi ukwahlulela ngokubuyekezwa, kuzokhiqizwa isikhathi eside. Le mithi ihlinzeka ngokulawulwa okuhle kwe-glycemic, ibonakala ngokuqina kanye nokubikezela kwesenzo.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobo zokukhishwa kweHumulin

I-Insulin Humulin yi-hormone ephinda ngokuphelele i-insulin eyenziwe emzimbeni womuntu ngesakhiwo, indawo ye-amino acid kanye nesisindo samangqamuzana. Kuyaphindeka, okusho ukuthi, kwenziwa ngezindlela zobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo. Imithamo ebalwe ngendlela efanele yalesi sidakamizwa ingabuyisela i-carbohydrate metabolism kubantu abanesifo sikashukela futhi igweme izinkinga.

Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule

• Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
• Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
• Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
• Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
• Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%

Izinhlobo zeHumulin:

1. Humulin Njalo - Lokhu kuyisixazululo se-insulin emsulwa, kubhekiswa ezidakamizweni ezisebenza ngokubambelela. Inhloso yawo ukusiza ushukela ovela egazini ukuthi ungene ezingqamuzaneni, lapho usetshenziswa ngumzimba ukuze uthole amandla. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ngokuhlangana ne-insulin ephakathi nendawo noma ende. Ingahanjiswa yodwa uma isiguli esinesifo sikashukela sine-pump insulin efakiwe.
2. I-Humulin NPH - ukumiswa okwenziwe i-insulin yomuntu ne-protamine sulfate. Ngenxa yalokhu kwengezelelwa, umphumela wokwehlisa ushukela uqala kancane kakhulu kunokusebenzisa i-insulin emfushane, futhi uqhubeka isikhathi eside. Imijovo emibili ngosuku yanele ukuguquguqula i-glycemia phakathi kokudla. Imvamisa, i-Humulin NPH inikezwa kanye ne-insulin emfushane, kepha ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 singasetshenziswa ngokuzimela.
3. Humulin M3 - Lesi sidakamizwa esinezigaba ezimbili esiqukethe i-30% insulin ejwayelekile kanye nama-70% - NPH. Okuvamile okuthengiswayo yiHumulin M2, inesilinganiso esingu-20: 80. Ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye ye-hormone isethwe ngumenzi futhi ayizibhekeli izidingo ezithile zesiguli, ushukela wegazi ngosizo lwayo awunakulawulwa ngempumelelo njengalapho usebenzisa i-insulin emfushane naphakathi. I-Humulin M3 ingasetshenziswa ngabanesifo sikashukela, abancoma uhlobo lwendabuko lokwelashwa kwe-insulin.

Imiyalo yesikhathi sokusebenza:

Zonke ezikhiqizwa njengamanje i-Humulin insulin ine-U100, ngakho-ke ilungele isirinji yesimanje ne-insulin.

Ukukhipha Amafomu:

• amabhodlela engilazi anomthamo we-10 ml;
• ama-cartridgeges wesirinji amapeni, aqukethe ama-3 ml, kwiphakeji lezingcezu ezi-5.

I-Humulin insulin ilawulwa ngokungaziphathi kahle, ezimweni ezibucayi - intramuscularly. Ukuphathwa kwe-Intravenous kuvunyelwe kuphela kuHumulin njalo, kusetshenziselwa ukuqeda i-hyperglycemia enzima futhi kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela.

Izinkomba kanye ne-contraindication

Ngokusho kwemiyalo, uHumulin angabekwa kuzo zonke iziguli ezine-insulin ezinzima. Imvamisa ibonwa kubantu abanohlobo loku-1 noma ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2 yesifo sikashukela. Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin okwesikhashana kungenzeka lapho uthwala ingane, ngoba izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela zinqatshelwe ngalesi sikhathi.

IHumulin M3 inqunyelwe iziguli ezindala kuphela, okunzima kakhulu kuzo ukusetshenziswa kohlobo lokuqinisa i-insulin. Ngenxa yobungozi obandayo bezinkinga zesifo sikashukela ukuya eminyakeni eyi-18, uHumulin M3 akanconywa.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona:

• I-Hypoglycemia ngenxa yokudla ngokweqile kwe-insulin, engabalwa ngokomzimba, ukuswela i-carbohydrate ekudleni.
• Izimpawu zokwaliwa yilesi sifo, njengokuqhuma, ukuvuvukala, ukulunywa, nokubomvu ngokuzungeza indawo yomjovo. Zingadalwa yizakhi zombili ze-insulin nezomuntu ezisizayo zomuthi. Uma i-allergy iqhubeka kungakapheli isonto, uHumulin kuzodingeka ukuthi afakelwe i-insulin enye indawo.
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha noma ukuminyanisa, i-palpitations kungenzeka lapho isiguli sinokuntuleka okukhulu kwe-potassium. Izimpawu ziyanyamalala ngemuva kokuqeda ukuntuleka kwale macronutrient.
• Shintsha ekuqineni kwesikhumba nezicubu ezingaphansi kwendawo yemijovo ejwayelekile.

Iningi leziguli ezinqunywe i-Humulin alitholi miphi imiphumela emibi ngaphandle kwe-hypoglycemia emnene.

I-Humulin - imiyalo esetshenzisiwe

Ukubalwa kwe-dose, ukulungiselela umjovo kanye nokuphathwa kwe-Humulin kuyafana namanye amalungiselelo we-insulin wesikhathi esifanayo sokwenza. Umehluko kuphela ngesikhathi ngaphambi kokudla. KuHumulin njalo kuyimizuzu engama-30. Kuyasiza ukulungiselela ukuzilawula kokuqala kwehomoni kusengaphambili, ngoba ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalo yokusebenzisa.

Ukulungiselela

I-insulin kumele ikhishwe esiqandisini kusengaphambili ukuze amazinga okushisa esisombululo wabanjwa igumbi. I-cartridge noma ibhodlela lengxube yama-hormone ane-protamine (Humulin NPH, Humulin M3 ne-M2) kufanele agoqwe phakathi kwezintende kaningi aphendukele phezulu naphansi ukuze ukumiswa ezansi kuncibilike ngokuphelele bese kuthi ukumiswa kwawo kutholakale umbala ofanayo wamakhreyithi ngaphandle kokungena ngaphakathi. Nyakazisa ngamandla ukuze ugweme ukufakwa okweqile kokumiswa nomoya. I-Humulin Okujwayelekile akudingi ukulungiswa okunjalo; kuhlala kubonakala sobala.

Ubude binaliti bukhethiwe ngendlela yokuthi baqinisekise ukuthi injekishini engangeneki futhi ingangeni emsipheni. Amapeni ama-syringe alungele i-insulin Humulin - Humapen, BD-pen kanye nezimpawu zawo.

Isingeniso

I-insulin ifakwa ezindaweni ezinamathishu athuthukile: isisu, amathanga, amabhlogo nezingalo ezingaphezulu. Ukufakwa okusheshayo nokufana ngokuphelele egazini kuqashelwa ngemijovo esiswini, ngakho iHumulin Regular inyathelwa lapho. Ukuze isenzo somuthi sihambisane nemiyalo, akunakwenzeka ukwandisa ngomshini ukujikeleza kwegazi endaweni yomjovo: rubhi, ukugoqa ngaphezulu, bese ucwilisa emanzini ashisayo.

Lapho wethula uHumulin, kubalulekile ukuthi ungagijimeli: ukuqoqa kancane isikhumba ngaphandle kokubamba izicubu zomzimba, ushutheke kancane umuthi, bese ubamba inaliti esikhunjeni amasekhondi ambalwa ukuze isixazululo ungaqali ukuvuza. Ukunciphisa ubungozi be-lipodystrophy nokuvuvukala, izinaliti ziyaguqulwa ngemuva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye.

Izixwayiso

Umthamo wokuqala we-Humulin kufanele ukhethwe ngokuhlangana nodokotela ohambelayo. I-overdose ingaholela ekwehleni okunamandla koshukela kanye ne-hypoglycemic coma. Inani elinganele le-hormone ligcwele i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela, ama-angiopathies ahlukahlukene ne-neuropathy.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-insulin zihlukile ekusebenzeni, ngakho-ke udinga ukushintshela kuHumulin uye kwesinye isidakamizwa kuphela uma kunemiphumela emibi noma isinxephezelo esanele sesifo sikashukela. Ukushintshwa kudinga ukuguqulwa komthamo kanye nokunye okwengeziwe, ukulawulwa kwe-glycemic okuvame kakhulu.

Isidingo se-insulin singakhuphuka ngesikhathi sokushintshwa kwama-hormone emzimbeni, ngenkathi kuthathwa imishanguzo ethile, izifo ezithathelwanayo, ingcindezi. I-hormone engaphansi iyadingeka ezigulini ezine-hepatic futhi, ikakhulukazi, ukwehluleka kwezinso.

Ukweqisa

Uma i-insulin engaphezulu igonyelwe kunokuba idinga ukudonsa ama-carbohydrate aqediwe, isiguli esinesifo sikashukela siyohlangabezana nakanjani ne-hypoglycemia. Imvamisa kuhambisana nokuqhaqhazela, ukubanda, ubuthakathaka, indlala, ukuzindla, nokujuluka ngokweqile. Kwesinye isifo sikashukela, izimpawu ziyasuswa, ukuncipha okunjalo koshukela kuyingozi ikakhulukazi, ngoba akunakuvinjwa ngesikhathi. I-hypoglycemia ejwayelekile ne-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela kungaholela ekuqwashisweni kwezimpawu.

Masinyane ngemuva kokuvela kwe-hypoglycemia, imiswa kalula ama-carbohydrate asheshayo - ushukela, ujusi wezithelo, amaphilisi kashukela. Imithamo eqinile ngokweqile ingaholela ku-hypoglycemia enzima, kuze kufike ekuqaleni komthambo. Ekhaya, ingaqedwa ngokushesha ngokungeniswa kwe-glucagon, kunezindawo ezikhethekile zokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwabantu abanesifo sikashukela, ngokwesibonelo, iGlucaGen HypoKit. Uma izitolo zeglucose esibindini zincanyana, lo muthi ngeke usize. Okuwukuphela kwendlela esebenza ngempumelelo kuleli cala ukuphatha ukungena kwe-glucose esikhungweni sezokwelapha. Kuyadingeka ukuletha isiguli lapho ngokushesha, ngoba ikhehla landa ngokushesha futhi libangela ukulimala okungalingani emzimbeni.

Imithetho yokugcina i-Humulin

Zonke izinhlobo ze-insulin zidinga izimo ezikhethekile zokugcina. Izici zehormoni zishintsha kakhulu ngesikhathi kubanda, kuvezwa ngemisebe ye-ultraviolet kanye namazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-35 ° C. Isitoko sigcinwa esiqandisini, emnyango noma eshalofini elikude nodonga lwangemuva. Impilo yeshelufu ngokwemiyalo esetshenziswayo: iminyaka emi-3 yeHumulin NPH ne-M3, iminyaka emi-2 yeRegular. Ibhodlela elivulekile lingaba kumazinga okushisa ayi-15-25 ° C izinsuku ezingama-28.

Umphumela wezidakamizwa ku-humulin

Imithi ingashintsha imiphumela ye-insulin futhi ikhulise nengozi yemiphumela emibi. Ngakho-ke, lapho kunquma i-hormone, udokotela kufanele ahlinzeke ngohlu oluphelele lwemithi ethathiwe, kufaka phakathi amakhambi, amavithamini, izithasiselo zokudla, izithasiselo zezemidlalo nezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo.

Imiphumela engaba khona:

Izici zokusebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Ukuze ugweme ukwelashwa kwe-fetopathy ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kubalulekile ukuyigcina njalo i-glycemia ejwayelekile. Izidakamizwa ze-Hypoglycemic zenqatshiwe ngalesi sikhathi, ngoba ziphazamisa ukulethwa kokudla enganeni. Okuwukuphela kwekhambi elivunyelwe ngalesi sikhathi yi-insulin ende futhi emfushane, kufaka neHumulin NPH neRegular. Ukwethulwa kweHumulin M3 akuyona into efiselekayo, ngoba ayikwazi ukunxephezela kahle isifo sikashukela mellitus.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, isidingo se-hormone sishintsha kaningana: siyancipha ku-trimester yokuqala, sikhuphuka kakhulu ku-2 no-3, futhi sehla kakhulu ngokushesha ngemuva kokubeletha. Ngakho-ke, bonke odokotela abaqhuba ukukhulelwa nokubeletha kufanele baziswe ngokuba khona kwesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane.

Ama-Analog

Yini engathatha isikhundla seHululin insulin uma kwenzeka imiphumela emibi:

Leli thebula libala kuphela ama-analogues aphelele - ukufakwa kofuzo kokufakwa komuntu ngofuzo nesikhathi esiseduze sokwenza.