Ngisho nesifo esilula ngokuhlangana kwabantu singaba yinkinga enkulu ngenxa yezinkinga. Ngakho-ke ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, isimo sesiguli singazinza size sigugule noma silethe umuntu ukuphelelwa ithemba ngesikhathi esifushane.
Udinga ukuqonda ukuthi uma kutholakala uhlobo lwe-1 sikashukela mellitus, ukudla kanye nokwelashwa kwe-insulin, ukuzivocavoca umzimba kungasenza siphile ngokugcwele futhi sibe nesigcino. Landela imiyalo kadokotela ngolwazi lwendaba, unaka izimo ezithile.
Isitha sidinga ukwazi mathupha
Kwezokwelapha, i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela ihlukaniswa izinhlobo ezimbili (1 no-2), ezinegama elivamile, kepha inqubo yokwakheka, ukuthuthukiswa nezinkinga ezivelayo azifani.
Iglucose efanelekile isetshenziswa amaseli amandla kanye nazo zonke izinqubo emzimbeni. Umsebenzi ulahlekile ngokuphelele noma ingxenye. Umuntu akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwe-hormone lomjovo, elidlala indima enkulu ezinqubweni ze-metabolic.
Uma isifo sitholakala, khona-ke imbangela yokwehluleka kungaba yisifo esithathelwanayo esihlasela amanyikwe. Ukungavikeleki kuzama ukuvikela umzimba, kepha akulona igciwane uqobo elibulala lona, kepha amaseli e-beta abalulekile ama-pancreas, ewathatha njengosongo. Ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka akwaziwa.
Umsebenzi we-antibody uphumela kumaphesenti ahlukile wokulahleka kweseli le-beta. Uma bephikelela ngisho nokwesithathu, isiguli sinethuba lokunciphisa umthamo we-insulin kusuka ngaphandle ngohlobo olufanele lokwelashwa.
Uhlobo lwe-1 mellitus yesifo sikashukela luyingozi ngoba kwakhiwa ushukela omningi egazini, lelo seli elingakwazi ukulisebenzisa ngendlela elimsulwa ngenhloso yalo ebekiwe. Umzimba awutholi amandla, ukwehluleka kwenzeka kuzo zonke izinqubo zokuphila okungaholela ezinkingeni noma ekufeni.
I-Type 1 diabetesics idinga i-insulin, kepha uma umthamo ungalungile, kukhona nengozi - ukweqisa komthamo kuholela ku-glycemic coma (ushukela ophansi), umthamo onganele ngeke ukwazi ukuguqula ushukela wonke.
Ngakho-ke, thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1 kudingeka sifunde ukubala kahle le dosi bese sigcina izinga le-glucose lingaphansi kwemingcele eyamukelekayo kumuntu onempilo. Futhi akunandaba ukuthi izilinganiso zithathwa nini, akufanele kube nokuqhuma. Ngemuva kwalokho-ke ngeke kusaba nasizathu sokuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezinkulu, uhlu lwazo lubanzi nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela.
Umehluko phakathi kohlobo lokuqala nolwesibili ukuthi lesi sifo sitholakala kubantu besebancane, kusukela bezalwa besiya eminyakeni engama-35. Kunzima ukwelapha abanesifo sikashukela abancane abangaqondi ukuthi kungani kunemikhawulo yokudla nokuthi kungani kudingeka imijovo engapheli. Umzimba okhulayo udinga amandla amaningi ekusebenzeni kahle kwawo wonke amasistimu.
Ukwelashwa okufanele kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1
Isifo sikashukela sidinga ukuqonda ukuthi ushukela ungalawulwa futhi lesi sifo asivunyelwe ukuba yinkosikazi. Akunandaba noma iminyaka yobudala isifo satholakala kuyo, inqubo yokwelashwa iyafana kuwo wonke umuntu:
- Bhekisisa ukuthi yini engena emlonyeni wakho. Qondisisa imigomo yokudla okufanele bese ukhetha indlela yokudlela kanye ne-endocrinologist noma umondli wezempilo, ucabangele noma yiziphi izinkinga zempilo.
- Gcwalisa idayari yokondleka, imithwalo, amanani entengo edijithali kumishini yokulinganisa, imithamo ye-insulin.
- Hlala ubheka amazinga kashukela okungenani izikhathi ezine ngosuku.
- Hlela impilo esebenzayo ngomzimba olungile.
- Thola onguchwepheshe onendlela eyodwa yokunquma i-insulin yabanesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ikhwalithi ye-hormone yehlukile futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ayifaneleki esimweni esithile.
Uma ukukhetha kwe-insulin nokubalwa komthamo wayo ngesikhathi esithile kudinga ukusondela ngakunye, lapho-ke ukudla okwelashwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 kungaxhomeka kuphela eminyakeni yobudala besiguli (yengane noma eyomuntu omdala), ekungabekezelelini komuntu ngamunye kwimikhiqizo nasezimalini.
Udinga ukutadisha izakhiwo zemikhiqizo, wenze uhlu lwalezo ezivunyelwe kwabanesifo sikashukela. Kubalulekile ukugcina isilinganiso ekudleni, ngoba ngisho nokudla okunempilo okuwedlulele kuzoholela kumthwalo owengeziwe ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla. Ingxenye ngayinye kufanele isolwe bese kubalwa ikhalori yayo. Kufanele uthenge izikali zogesi ezikala isisindo somkhiqizo ngama-gramu.
Ukukhetha indlela yokudla yohlobo 1 sikashukela
Ochwepheshe besifo sikashukela bahlala benxusa iziguli ukuba zishintshele ekudleni okhethekile, okubhekwa njengesisekelo ekwelashweni kwesifo esimnandi. Njengoba le nkinga ihlobene nokudla, udinga ukukhipha imikhiqizo ekhuthaza ukukhuphuka okukhulu kwe-glucose yegazi empilweni yakho.
Uma ama-pancreas efaka i-insulin emavolumu adingekayo ekuguqulweni kwawo wonke ama-carbohydrate, khona-ke azikho izinkinga ezinkulu. Kepha lesi sixhumanisi se-carbohydrate metabolism siyaphazamiseka futhi ngeke sikwazi ukucubungula ushukela owedlulele ngaphandle komthamo onobungozi we-hormone kulimijovo.
Akuzona zonke iziguli ezingakwazi ukubala ngokunembile i-insulin emfushane noma ende ukuthi ifakwe kuphi futhi ngamanani amangaki. Uma ama-pancreas ngokwemvelo, le nqubo isebenza njengewashi futhi inikezela kuphela ingxenye eyakhayo, khona-ke umuntu angenza amaphutha ezibalweni futhi ahlabe uketshezi olwengeziwe noma olungaphansi.
Kunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuphuma - ukufunda ukuthi ungakukhetha kanjani ukudla okungafaki ukwanda kwe-glucose yokudla, futhi wenze imenyu yosuku, unikezwe izinzuzo zezitsha ikakhulukazi zabanesifo sikashukela.
Isifo sikashukela sidinga ukukhetha phakathi kokudla okubili:
- Okulinganiselwe - ama-endocrinologists abo anqunyelwe isikhathi eside, kucatshangelwa ukuthi kuyadingeka ukukhipha ama-carbohydrate alula (asheshayo) ekudleni futhi agxile kuphela kuma-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi, ukuwafaka ngamaprotheni namafutha. Ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi anika ushukela oludingekayo, kodwa hhayi ukukuguqula ngokushesha, izindonga zesisu zidonsa imikhiqizo kancane kancane, ngaphandle kokudala umuzwa wokulamba kumuntu isikhathi eside kunama-carbohydrate asheshayo.
- I-low-carb - kususelwa ngaphandle kwimikhiqizo yonke (ama-carbohydrate) aqukethe ushukela noma ama-sweeteners. Ukugcizelelwa kumaprotheni namafutha. Umongo wokudla ukuthi ama-carbohydrate amancane angena esiswini, kuyadingeka i-insulin encane ukuyiguqula. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unciphise inani lemijovo ye-insulin kaningana.
Kukhona umcabango - uma kungewona wonke amaseli we-beta afile kumanyikwe, ngokudla okufanele, kuhlale kunokwenzeka ukushintshela ku-insulin yakho kuphela, kuqede ukuxhomekeka ngokuphelele komjovo. Ama-carbohydrate afanele ngenani elincane ngeke andise ushukela, okusho ukuthi i-hormone yemvelo yanele ukuyiguqula ibe namandla.
Zombili lezi zidlo zenzelwe ukwelapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2, kepha izimiso zazo zihlukile.
Uma imenyu elinganiselayo yenza ukuthi ukudla kudle ngokuhluka futhi kube okumnandi, khona-ke i-carb ephansi ayifaki noma yimiphi imizamo yokudla okuthile okumnandi, noma kububanzi bemikhiqizo yabanesifo sikashukela.
Kukholelwa ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo ekhethekile ithatha indawo yomqondo, kepha ungafaki ushukela oyingozi ekwakhekeni. Ukuze uqonde umehluko phakathi kokudla bese uthatha isinqumo sokuthi uzokhetha ini, udinga ukutadisha imigomo yalowo nalowo.
Ukudla okulinganiselayo kwesifo sikashukela
Ukudla okulinganiselayo kwesifo sikashukela kubizwa nangokuthi i-9 tafile. Ukudla okunye akufakiwe ekusebenziseni ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela ngeke bazuze, kodwa kuzokwandisa kuphela ushukela oshukela.
Ukudla okuvinjelwe kuhlukaniswa njengama-carbohydrate aphezulu e-glycemic, aphenduka ngokushesha abe ushukela futhi anikeze umzimba isikhashana esifushane. Umuzwa wendlala uza ngokushesha futhi ingqondo idinga ingxenye entsha yokudla, noma ngabe i-glucose ayidonswa amangqamuzana.
Ngemuva kokufunda ngezimpahla zemikhiqizo, abezempilo, kanye nabasebenza nge-endocrinologists, bahlanganisa uhlu lwemikhiqizo engavunyelwe yohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sokuqala. Le mikhiqizo ngeke ilethe noma yiziphi izinzuzo ekwelashweni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Ithebula lesifo sikashukela No. 9 lisikisela ukuthi lokhu kudla okulandelayo kufanele kungafakwa ekudleni kweziguli:
- Noma yimuphi amaswidi wokukhiqiza wezimboni - ushokoledi, amaswidi, u-ayisikhilimu, ujamu, ujamu noshukela.
- Imikhiqizo yokubhaka enziwe ngofulawa kakolweni, noma uluphi uhlobo lwama-muffin, ama-buns, amakhukhi, amakhukhi we-gingerbread nokunye okuningi. Le mikhiqizo iqukethe izithako eziningana, ngaphezu kwempuphu kukhona ama-sweeteners, amafutha, izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene.
- Ukudla kwesitashi okuphezulu nakho kuvinjelwe, kepha hhayi ngokuqinile. Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa amazambane, ama-legumes aze afike kumagremu ayi-100 ngosuku, kepha hhayi nsuku zonke.
- Isobho akufanele liphekwe kumhluzi wenyama onamafutha. Isobho elinemifino elenziwa ezinhlotsheni ezinamafutha aphansi enyama nenhlanzi ngokufakwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zamabele zivunyelwe.
- Imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha aphezulu kufanele ingafakwa kwimenyu yesifo sikashukela.
- Noma imuphi ama-jusi, iziphuzo ezinoshukela ezinekhabhoni, iziphuzo zezithelo zokukhiqiza zezimboni azihlanganisiwe ekudleni komuntu onesifo sikashukela. Kusetshenziswa inani elikhulu likashukela ukulungiselela kwabo, okubulala umzimba womuntu ophilile.
- Izithelo ezinoshukela wemvelo zihlukaniswa njengokudla okunenkomba ephezulu ye-glycemic (banana, peach, grape).
- Awukwazi ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ekhethiwe, enosawoti, noma eyenziwe ngokwayo. Ukuze imikhiqizo ingonakali, ushukela, usawoti, uviniga kuyadingeka, okuhlinzekwa ngabo bonke abanesifo sikashukela.
- Amasoseji, ukudla okusemathinini ngeke kugcinwe ngaphandle koshukela ongeziwe. Ngakho-ke, ekudleni kohlobo lweshukela sikashukela, kufanele kungafakwa ngaphandle. Amasoseji okukhiqiza akho amukelekile lapho iresiphi iyaziwa futhi ilungiswa.
Uhlu lokudla okuvunyelwe kohlobo lweshukela sikashukela lucebile futhi akufanele wesabe ukuthi isiguli sincishwa yonke injabulo ekudla. Udinga nje ukutadisha uhlu bese udala imenyu ehlukahlukene yeviki.
Imenyu yezinsuku ezi-7 zesifo sikashukela
Uma kungekho isisindo ngokweqile, ivelu yamandla ingaba ngaphezulu. Lokhu kuxoxiswana kangcono ne-endocrinologist. Ukudla konke kufanele kuhlukaniswe ama-reception ayi-6 - ama-snack ayi-3 kanye ayi-3. Kunconywa ukuthi udle ngasikhathi sinye, kepha lokhu akubalulekile uma kwesinye isikhathi isifo sikashukela siphambuka esimisweni.
| Isigaba seSidlo / Usuku lweSonto | Mon | Isihlanu | Wed | Th | Fri | Sat | ILanga |
| Ibhulakufesi | Ubilibheat otshisiwe 150 emanzini, ushizi onzima 50 g, isinkwa esiphelele sokusanhlamvu 20 g, itiye le-herbal | Ubisi Hercules 170 g, iqanda eli-1 elibilisiwe, isinkwa esingu-20 g, itiye elimnyama elingafakiwe | I-Omelet evela emaqanda ama-2, ama-50 g enkukhu ebilisiwe, ikhukhamba entsha, i-20 g yesinkwa, itiye elingafakiwe | Lazy iklabishi rolls of veal 200 g, isinkwa, umhluzi owesabekayo rose zasendle. | I-Cottage shizi 5% 200 g ngaphandle koshukela ngamajikijolo amasha, 1 inkomishi ye-kefir | I-Millet emanzini ayi-150 g, inyama ye-veal engu-50 g, ikhofi engafakwanga nobisi | I-Rice porridge 170 g, isaladi yemifino enamafutha yemifino 20 g isinkwa, ikofi elingafakiwe ngobisi. |
| Ibhulakufesi lesibili | Noma isiphi isithelo esivunyelwe, amanzi | 200 g ubisi olubilisiwe olubhakwe | I-200 g yesaladi yemifino nejusi kalamula. | I-150 g yesaladi yezithelo ngeyogathi engafakiwe. | I-200 g cottage shizi casserole, amanzi | I-20 g yesinkwa, i-50 g yoshizi obunzima, itiye elingafakiwe. | I-apula elibhakiwe, itiye. |
| Isidlo sasemini | Isobho kumhluzi wemifino i-200 g, ama-veal meatballs ama-4 ama-pc., Ucezu lwesitshulu semifino enenyama engu-150 g, i-compote yezithelo eyomile. | Isobho esitokweni senhlanzi namazambane, iklabishi ebilisiwe (ukholifulawa noma i-broccoli), i-100 g yezinhlanzi ezibhakiwe, itiye. | I-Borsch kumhluzi wenyama i-200 g (buyisela amazambane nge-zucchini), i-buckwheat ebilisiwe engu-100 g, i-patty yenyama enosiwe, i-compote yezithelo. | Isobho senkukhu nge-noodle 200 g, isitshulu semifino 100 g, itiye le-herbal | Isobho sokudla kwasolwandle (i-cocktail eqandisiwe) 200 g, pilaf ene-turkey engu-150 g, i-berry jelly. | Isobho lebhontshisi 200 g, upelepele ongcwele (bhaka kuhhavini) 1 pc., Ijusi yemifino elisanda kufakwa. | I-Rassolnik kumhluzi wenyama i-200 g, iklabishi engu-100 g eyosiwe, inyama yenkomo ebilisiwe 50 g, ijusi le-berry |
| Itiye eliphakeme | amantongomane 30 g | I-50 g ushizi kusuka ku-cottage shizi, i-20 g yesinkwa | 1 i-apula elibhakiwe, itiye | isaladi yemifino ngamafutha zemifino | izithelo ezomile ezivunyelwe | iyogathi engafakiwe ku-200 g | isaladi lezithelo |
| Ukudla kwakusihlwa | I-200 g iklabishi elihanjisiwe, inhlanzi engu-100 g ebhakwe, itiye elingafakiwe | I-200 g eyayigxishwe ku-turkey pepper enokhilimu omuncu ongu-15%, itiye elingafakiwe | I-150 g isitshulu semifino ngaphandle kwamazambane, i-50 g ushizi, ujusi we-berry | I-200 g ebilisiwe irayisi nge-veal, coleslaw 150 g, itiye | Isaladi lokudla kwasolwandle elibunjiwe, elibilisiwe emanzini. | Ama-200 g turkey abhakwe esikhwameni esinemifino evunyelwe, ujusi we-berry | usiki wenkukhu osikiwe, isaladi leklabishi elimhlophe, itiye |
| Ukudla kwakusihlwa | Umkhiqizo wobisi 1 inkomishi | Izithelo zivunyelwe | Ushizi wekotishi onamafutha amancane 150 g. | Beefidok 1 ingilazi | Kefir 1 inkomishi | Ushizi we-curd 50, ubhontshisi, itiye eliluhlaza | Umkhiqizo wobisi 1 inkomishi |
Le menyu yokuqonda okusobala ukuthi ukudla kohlobo lweshukela sikashukela kuyahluka. Okokuqala ungaya kwondli futhi wenze imenyu yokudla evumayo yokudla # 9 inyanga. Ngokuzayo, ungakha ngokuzimela imenyu, ugxile kuhlu namatafula emikhiqizo yabanesifo sikashukela.
Ukudla okuphansi kwe-carb
Lolu uhlobo olusha lokudla lwabantu abanesifo sikashukela. Ibuye yahlaziya inqubo yokwethembeka kuma-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi. Abasekeli bokudla okune-carb ephansi bakholelwa ukuthi udinga ukukhipha ekudleni komuntu onesifo sikashukela konke ukudla okuqukethe ushukela obonakalayo kanye nokufihlekile.
- Ukungafaki kwimikhiqizo esitolo ekhonjelwe abanesifo sikashukela ngoba aqukethe ama-sweeteners okwenziwa okwandisa amazinga kashukela;
- Zonke izithelo namajikijolo zenqatshelwe;
- Ukugcizelelwa okuyinhloko kumaprotheni namafutha (imifino nezilwane). Inyama, inhlanzi, izinkukhu, ushizi, amaqanda, ibhotela, yonke imikhiqizo yobisi iba yisisekelo semenyu sikashukela;
- Imifino yamukelekile, kepha hhayi yonke;
- Izinhlamvu eziningi zokuvinjwa zivinjelwe;
- Ukutholwa okusanhlamvu okuphelele, okuvunyelwe ngokudla okunokulinganisela, ukudla okwenqatha kwe-carb kuyenqatshelwa.
Ukukhethwa kokudla okuthile kohlobo lweshukela sikashukela kufanele kuvunyelwane nodokotela oholayo, ngoba ngaphezu kokuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, umuntu angaba nezinye izinto eziphikisayo. Kepha ukuhambisana nombuso wokudla nemithetho kuyisihluthulelo sempilo kushukela.
