Kwabesifazane abaningi, ukuba ngumama kuyisifiso esikhulu kakhulu. Imvelo kuphela engasekeli ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi iveza ukumangala ngendlela yokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus. Ngaphambi kwalesi sifo, bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane basesimweni esifanayo. Kodwa ngaphambi kwengxenye enhle yombuzo olandelayo kuphakama: kungenzeka yini ukuzala isifo sikashukela? Ingabe akhona amathuba okuthi uzibone ungeyena kuphela njengomuntu, kodwa futhi njengomama?
Umnyombo wenkinga
Ukuze kuzalwe ingane ephilile, umama olindele kumele abe nomzimba oqinile. Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus siqeda isimo esinjalo - intombazane noma owesifazane uye wakhubazeka ukuthathwa kwe-glucose nokuguqulwa kwayo kube amandla amaseli omzimba. Futhi ukuthuthukiswa kweqanda le-fetus kudinga la mandla nokudla, okuthuthwa ngentambo ye-umbilical.
- Umthwalo osesithweni sowesifazane uyakhuphuka futhi kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinso, ohlelweni lwe-vascular, nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
- Ushukela omningi egazini likamama ungadluliselwa e-fetus, umenze izinkinga ekuthuthukiseni kwamanyikwe kanye nokukhululwa kwenani le-insulin elidingekayo.
- I-Hypoglycemic coma ingahle ifike kowesifazane okhulelwe ngenxa yokudla okungalungile noma umthamo ongafanele we-insulin.
- Uma ukukhulelwa kukhula ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kochwepheshe, kunengozi yokufa kwe-fetus ezigabeni zokuqala.
- Umama wesikhathi esizayo onesifo sokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela, uma izincomo zabodokotela zingalandelwa, ingane ingafinyelela isisindo esikhulu somzimba, esizophazamisa inqubo yokuzala umntwana.
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo ziyingozi kakhulu kowesifazane okhulelwe onesifo sikashukela. Uma kugonyelwa umama onempilo umkhuhlane ngokumelene nomkhuhlane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, khona-ke lo mgomo we-contraindication for diabetes. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela inhlanzeko futhi ugweme ukuxhumana neziguli.
- Ukuzalwa kwengane ngohlobo 1 sikashukela kubekiwe ngaphambili. Isikhathi esifanele singamaviki angama-38- 39. Uma lokhu kungenzeki ngokwemvelo, lapho-ke izinkontileka zivusa noma hlela ikesare.
Izingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela kuphakama kubo bobabili umama noma umama. Kuze kube muva nje, odokotela be-gynecologists bebephikisana nokuthi uhlobo lwe-1 no-2 sikashukela sokugcina ukukhulelwa, uma lukhona.
Umuthi wesimanjemanje usuphelile ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba mayelana nombuzo wokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuzala unesifo sikashukela.
Ngabe isimo sikashukela sithinta ikhono lokubeletha ingane
Kunzima ukushayela iminyaka yokuzala yabesifazane ibe uhlobo oluthile lwesikhathi. Eminye imibhangqwana iba ngabazali emva kweminyaka engama-40 futhi kamuva. Ngakho-ke, umama wesikhathi esizayo angaba nakho konke kuncike kwe-insulin (uhlobo 1 lokuzalwa noma lokutholwa), bese uthayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-2. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, izinkinga zokuzalela ingane ingahluka.
Uma kunendlela ethile yokwelashwa enohlobo lokuqala lwesifo futhi umama okhulelwe angazise udokotela ngenkinga kusengaphambili ukuze ahlelele ukukhulelwa, khona-ke owesimame kungenzeka angabazi ngokuba khona kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili. Ukuxilongwa kwembulwa ekukhulelweni osekuvele kukhula. Esimweni esinjalo, ukuphuma kwesisu noma ukukhulelwa eqandisiwe kungenzeka.
Ukususa isimo esinjalo, owesifazane oneminyaka yobudala bokuzala kufanele asondele ekukhulelwe ngokufanele futhi ahlolwe kuqala ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
Imibhangqwana eminingi ibhekene nokukhetha ukuzala ingane ngokwayo noma iguqukele kwezinye izindlela ngoba isaba ukuthi ingane izosizuza ifa lesifo sikashukela futhi izosuswa ekuzalweni kwayo ukuze ilwele impilo. Ucwaningo olwenziwe izakhi zofuzo, ama-gynecologists kanye nama-endocrinologists awafaki amathuba okuba ngekhulu:
- Uma indoda kuphela igula isifo sikashukela, amathuba okuba nesifo sokuzala ivele kuma-5% kuphela e-100;
- Uma isifo sikashukela sitholakala kowesifazane, 2% kuphela imvuthuluka esengozini yokuthola lesi sifo ukugula;
- Izinga eliphakeme (25%) lokuzalwa kwengane enesifo sikashukela livela kumbhangqwana, lapho bobabili abalingani beba nezinkinga nge-glucose yegazi.
Ukuze ungafaki amathuba okuwela kuleli phesenti elincane, kufanele ucabange ngokuhlela ukukhulelwa kwakho kusengaphambili.
Kumkhuba wokubeletha, i-algorithm yezenzo iye yathuthukiswa kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuya ekuzalweni kwengane futhi ihambisana nomama nengane ngemuva kokubeletha.
Umbuzo obuzwe ekuqaleni kwendatshana ungabhalwa kabusha esitatimendeni sokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ubelethe ushukela.
Ushukela wesikhashana kwabesifazane abakhulelwe
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezaziwayo zohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 lokugula okumnandi, igama elithi "isifo sikashukela" lisetshenziswa kwezokwelapha.
Kwenzeka kwabesifazane abaphilile ngokuphelele abathi ngaphambi kokukhulelwa babengekho ukuphambuka ekuhlaziyweni kwamazinga kashukela egazini.
Esikhathini esingamaviki angama-20, i-insulin yokubeletha ingavinjelwa ngama-hormone akhiqizwa yi-placenta ekukhuleni kwengane. Amangqamuzana omuntu wesifazane alahlekelwa umuzwa wawo we-insulin, ushukela awudonswa ushukela ogcwele futhi kwakhiwa ushukela owengeziwe egazini likamama.
Isimo esinjalo senzeka kuphela kuma-5% abesifazane abakhulelwe abaphilile ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukuxilongwa akuhlali njalo. Ngemuva kokubeletha, ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukuya ku-insulin kuyabuyiselwa, izinkomba ze-glucose zibuyela kokujwayelekile.
Uma kutholakala isifo sikashukela kokutholwa kowesifazane okhulelwe:
- Udokotela we-gynecologist unquma ukwelashwa okukhethekile;
- Isazi se-endocrinologist sijoyina isiguli;
- Kuhlolwa igazi kanye nomchamo owengeziwe;
- Ukudla kuyakhiwa ukukala amazinga kashukela;
- Isisindo se-fetus siqashwa, ngoba i-glucose eyeqile kumama ingaholela ekwakhekeni kwamafutha esibelethweni futhi isongele ingane ngokukhuluphala noma i-intrauterine hypoglycemic coma;
- Ngenkathi kugcina izinkomba zesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, ukulethwa kungenzeka isikhathi esingamaviki angama-37- 38. Uma isisindo se-fetus sedlula isisindo esingama-4 kg, owesifazane okhulelwe uboniswa isigaba secesare.
Abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa basengozini yokuphindeka lapho bekhulelwe. Lokhu kungaholela ekubukekeni kwesifo sikashukela esivamile sempilo.
Ukukhulelwa akufanele kube okuzenzakalelayo
Ukugwema izinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabesifazane abanesifo sikashukela, lo mbhangqwana kufanele usondele kakhulu odabeni. Okokuqala udinga ukubonisana nodokotela wobudokotela noma i-endocrinologist noma udokotela ogcina umlando wesifo sikashukela futhi wazi zonke izimo.
Kulesi sigaba, ubungozi kufanele buhlolwe, okokuqala, kumama okhulelwe.
Ukukhulelwa, okuyinkimbinkimbi yesifo sikashukela, kunzima impela futhi kungenzeka ukuthi owesifazane aphoqeleke ukuthi achithe isikhathi sakhe esigcemeni esibhedlela.
Ukuphathwa kokukhulelwa nokuzalwa kwengane kusifo sikashukela kuhluke kakhulu kumkhuba ojwayelekile kwabesifazane abanempilo:
- Le nqubo ayibandakanyi kuphela i-gynecologist, kodwa futhi i-endocrinologist, udokotela wezokwelapha, umondli wezempilo, kanye nephrologist.
- Owesifazane okhulelwe uvame ukuhlolwa ezimweni zonke ukuze alungise ukwelashwa okudingekayo. Ukulaliswa esibhedlela okuhleliwe kunqunywa emasontweni okuqala okukhulelwa, ama-20, 24, amasonto angama-32 okukhulelwa. Uma kuvela izinkinga, inani lezibhedlela lingaba likhulu.
- Endabeni yesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, umthamo ubekwa ngawodwana ukuqapha isimo esivamile sikamama oselindile kanye nengane.
- Owesifazane udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukudla, ahole indlela yokuphila esebenzayo.
- Ukuzalwa kwengane yanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela kuvame ukwenzeka ngokwemvelo futhi kuhlelwa udokotela oholayo. Isigaba seKhesariya sinikezwa kuphela isisindo esikhulu se-fetus (kusuka kuma-4000 amagremu) noma ukubonakaliswa kwe-gestosis ezigabeni zakamuva.
- Ngemuva kokubeletha, bobabili umama nengane babhekwa ngesimo esivamile sokuhlolwa kwegazi.
Isiphetho
Emithini yesimanje, yemibhangqwana lapho umlingani egula ngayo unesifo sikashukela, kunethuba lokuba abazali abajabule. Kepha umthwalo wokuthatha isinqumo esibalulekile uhlala nowesifazane. Izingozi ziyaqhubeka. Udinga ukuba nomoya oqinile futhi uthole odokotela abanolwazi abazokusiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga.
