ISIFO SIKASHUKELA KUBANTU ASEBEKHULILE: YINI EYINGOZI KUMUNTU OSEMDALA FUTHI KUNGANI IVELA

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Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sithathwa njengesifo esikhohlisayo kubantu, sidinga ukuqapha isimo nezimali ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa.

Izinkinga ezingadala isifo sikashukela - ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso, isibindi, izinkinga zenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga kahle nangesikhathi esifanele.

Ukumelana ne-insulin akubonwa nje kubantu asebekhulile. Namuhla, iziguli ezincane nezingane zivame ukutholakala. Kepha umbuzo ofanele kakhulu usabhekelwe kubantu abaneminyaka yobudala engaphezu kweminyaka engama-55. Siyini isizathu salesi sici, ungazazi kanjani izimbangela eziphambili zesifo sikashukela?

Izizathu zokuthuthuka

Njengoba izifundo zomtholampilo zibonisa, isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, ikakhulukazi uhlobo II, senzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sofuzo (i-80% yokuxilongwa). Kunezici zesibili ezibuye zibe nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo.

Ikakhulu, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele izimbangela eziningana zesifo sikashukela:

ukukhuluphala kwanoma yikuphi ukuvela okuyinkimbinkimbi. Kusemathinini we-lipid ukuthi kunobungozi obaluleke kakhulu kubantu abambezeleka imisebenzi ye-metabolic emzimbeni;
izimo ezicindezelayo kwanoma yikuphi ukuqina nobude besikhathi. Kumuntu osekhulile, isimo esisodwa esicindezelayo sanele, ngokumelene nesizinda lapho kuzoba khona umfutho wegazi okhuphukile, i-arrhythmia nokuvikeleka okukhuphukile kwe-cortisol (i-hormone yokucindezela). Njengomphumela wokucindezelwa okungapheli kokomzwelo, umzimba ungasabela ngokungalungile, uvuse ukubukeka kokumelana ne-insulin;
Indlela yokuphila yokuzibandakanya ehambisana nokudla okunempilo esezingeni eliphansi (ama-pastries, amafutha wezilwane) ngokususelwa kubasebenzisi abasebenzisa imali kudala isimo kushukela.

Isisekelo sohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-II inqubo yokumelana ne-insulin (njengoba kuchazwa ngodokotela, into eyenzekile), umsebenzi okhubazekile walokho okubizwa ngama-β-cell. Ngenxa yalezi zinqubo, kukhona ukwehla kokuzwela emvelweni we-peptide yemvelo ye-insulin.

Izici ezigulini esezikhulile

Iziguli ezindala kuneminyaka engama-50 zivame ukuba namazinga aphakeme ama-hormone aphikisayo. Kusukela kulonyaka, kukhona ukubikezela okungokwemvelo ekukhiqizweni okukhulu kwama-hormone STH, ACTH, cortisol.

Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sale nqubo, ukubekezelela i-glucose kuyancipha. Esetshenziswni, izinkomba eziguquliwe ziyizici ezicatshangelwe ezingakha ukwakheka kwesifo sikashukela, esimweni sesandulela sofuzo nangaphandle kwaso.

Ama-Endocrinologists aqaphela ukuthi njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 (ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50):

izinga loshukela liyaguquguquka cishe ngo-0,055 mmol / l (esiswini esingenalutho);
ukugxila kwe-glucose kuma-biomatadium (iplasma) emahoreni angama-1.5-2 ngemuva kokumuncwa kwanoma yikuphi ukudla okukhuphuka ngo-0.5 mmol / L.

Lezi yizinkomba ezimaphakathi kuphela, ezingase zehluke empilweni.

Kumuntu osekhulile, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ubhekene nengqondo, ukuhlushwa kwe-HCT (ushukela egazini) kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezici ezimbalwa, ezichazwe ngenhla njengezimbangela zesibili. Umphumela uba yingozi ephezulu noma ephansi yesifo sikashukela sohlobo II kubantu asebethathe umhlalaphansi.

Isibonakaliso sokuthuthuka kwesifo sikashukela kumhlalaphansi wukubonakaliswa kwesifo okuthiwa yi-postprandial glycemia syndrome (ukugcotshwa koshukela emgodini wezinto eziphilayo (igazi) ngemuva kokudla ukudla).

Ukucacisa isici, kudingekile ngokuguquguqukayo ukuqapha ukwakheka kwegazi lokuphilayo ngemuva kokudla ngakunye (ngemuva kwamahora ama-2). Ukwanda kwamanani kukhombisa ukuthi kunokuphazamiseka okubalulekile emzimbeni, okuthi ekugugeni kusho ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela.

Ukwephulwa kokubekezelelana (izinkomba ezandayo ze-plasma) kushukela egugwini kuvame kakhulu kube yizizathu eziningi:

ukuncipha ngokumelene nesizinda sezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala ekuzwelweni kwezicubu kwe-insulin;
ukwehla kokusebenza kwe-pancreatic, ikakhulukazi - secretion ye-insulin;
umphumela wama -retretins (ama-hormone) uyancipha ngenxa yobudala.

Inkathi yesifo sikashukela i-mellitus II t. Phakathi kwabahola impesheni isindwa yizinto ezifana nokuba khona kwama-organ organ pathologies amaningi.

Ngokwezibalo zama-endocrinologists, ama-80% eziguli ezinalesi sifo phambilini ayene-hypertension ye-arterial noma i-dyslipidemia. Izimo ezinjalo zidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile (prophylactic or inpatient).

Ngemuva kwemithi ethile yezifo ezingenhla, kuvela imiphumela emibi: ukwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate kanye ne-lipid metabolism. Lezi zimo zixuba ama-metabolic metabolic adinga ukulungiswa kuma-diabetes.

Izithombe zemitholampilo

Ukuzimisela sikashukela asebekhulile kuvame ukungahleliwe.

Njengomthetho, iziguli noma izihlobo zazo azinaki izibonakaliso ezingashiwongo kangako, okuyizimpawu ezibalulekile zokuqalwa kwesifo esiyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukukhathala, ukozela, ukuguquguquka kwemizwelo kanye nezifo ezijwayelekile zamagciwane - lezi yizimpawu zomuntu osekhulile.

Ngakho-ke, abaningi abamane nje bafune izeluleko, bathi zonke lezi zimpawu ziyaguga. Okwamanje, yilezi zimpawu, kanye nenani elikhulayo lamanzi athathwe akhombisa ubukhona besifo.

Ukushisa noma ukumiswa kwezitho zangasese ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa kwe-thrush kuyizimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela. Lesi simo sihambisana nemishayo emincane esikhunjeni somzimba.

Yini ubungozi besifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kubantu asebekhulile?

Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isifo esidala noma esidala, ushukela unamaphuzu ayingozi ambalwa okufanele acabangele zombili lezi ziguli ngokwazo nezihlobo zazo:

izinkinga zezemithambo (i-macroangiopathy yemithambo emikhulu nemaphakathi);
i-microangiopathy noma ushintsho kuma-arterioles, ama-capillaries, ama-venule (atherosulinosis);
ukuqhubeka kwesifo se-coronary;
ingozi eyandayo ye-myocardial infarction;
ingozi eyengeziwe yokushaywa unhlangothi;
isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi yezitsha zezinyawo.

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi i-microangiopathies (atherosulinosis) ikhula kubantu asebekhulile ngokushesha nangaphambilini kuneziguli ezinezifo ezifanayo zisencane. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, izinkinga ezingezinhle njengokuncipha kombono (ukuqeda ukungaboni), isizinda se-retinopathy, kanye namafu we-lens kuyabonakala.

Ukuguqula ukwakheka konyawo kusuka ekuzilinganisweni kuya kwesikwele ngophawu kanyekanye, ukubukeka kwemifantu kubhekwe njengenye yezimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela.

Lapho kukhona izifo zezinso, i-nephroangiopathy, i-pyelonephritis engapheli iba. Imvamisa kuba khona isifo sikashukela sonyawo sikashukela. Le nqubo ihambisana nokuzwela okunciphile kwesikhumba emilenzeni, ngezikhathi ezithile kunomuzwa wokuqubuka kwezilokotho, futhi sonke isikhumba somile, njengephepha lezicubu.

Ukuxilonga

Uma usola isifo sikashukela, udokotela unquma isifundo (okungenani kabili) sokuqukethwe kweglucose yegazi:

i-glycated hemoglobin;
i-albhamu glycated;
ushukela wokuzila (i-plasma)> 7.0 mmol / l - inkomba yesifo sikashukela;
ushukela wegazi kusuka emunweni> 6.1 mmol / L ubuye uphawu lwesifo sikashukela.

Kubalulekile ukucabanga kobufakazi bomchamo bokuba khona kwe-glucose, i-acetone. Ukuhlolwa ngudokotela wamehlo, i-neurologist kuthathwa njengephoqelekile.

Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela ngeke kudinga isikhathi esiningi kuphela (okungenani iminyaka emibili), kodwa futhi nokulahleka kwezimali okubalulekile.

Iziguli eziningi, ngethemba lokwelashwa ngosizo lwezincomo ezilula, ziqala isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi, zivuse ukwakheka komthambo wesifo sikashukela.

Ushukela okulesi sifundazwe weqa umaki ka-30 mmol / l (ngesilinganiso esingaphansi kuka-5), inkulumo iba mfushane, imicabango ayivumelani. Akuwona kuphela amangqamuzana obuchopho abhujiswayo, kodwa futhi nazo zonke izitho zangaphakathi.

Ukukhuluma ngokwelashwa kuleli cala kunzima kakhulu. Umsebenzi udokotela ukuthi asindise impilo futhi athuthukise ikhwalithi yempilo. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa sikashukela kuwukuphela kwenketho efanelekile engazinza impilo, bese kuphela-ke futhi ugcine isimo esijwayelekile.

Lapho kungenzeka ukuthi kuzinze amazinga kashukela, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ama-increatins (mimetics, GLP-1). Kodwa, kunoma yikuphi, kufanelekile ukuqonda ukuthi ikhwalithi yempilo incike esimweni sokuqala sesiguli, futhi izindlela eziningi zokwelapha zenzelwe ukwehlisa ushukela. Esikhathini esizayo, isiguli siqapha kuphela ukudla, sithathe izincomo zikadokotela wakhe.

Izidakamizwa ezivame ukunqunyelwa:

I-Metformin;
I-Thiazolidinedione;
I-Diabresid;
UGlemaz;
UBenjamini;
IGlucophage;
I-Bagomet;
Vipidia;
Galvus;
I-Trazenta.

Awukwazi ukunquma noma imuphi umuthi. Ukuxhumana kwabo okuyinkimbinkimbi omunye nomunye kungalimaza isimo sempilo sesiguli, kubalulekile ukukhumbula.

Umuthi wabantu

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela ekhaya kuyindlela yokuvezwa kwabantu esisiza ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwe-insulin. Ukufakwa esikhundleni kweHormone akukho.

Ungasenza ngcono lesi simo, unwebe ukuxolelwa kwalesi sifo ngezindlela ezifakazelwe ngabantu:

i-buckwheat ne-kefir. Grits grits (mhlawumbe hhayi okuthosiwe) ngenani le-1 tbsp. l uthele engilazini ye-kefir ebusuku, uphuze ekuseni. Yenza lokhu okungenani inyanga;
decoction weqabunga le-bay. Thela amaqabunga angama-8-10 ngamanzi ashisayo, bese uthela amanzi abilayo (600-700 amagremu). Vumela ukupholisa, uthathe isisu esingenalutho isigamu sengilazi izinsuku eziyi-14;
ubhontshisi abilisiwe. Iphinde yehlise ushukela kahle. Mane nje uyifake ekudleni kwakho;
decoction wezinyosi ezifile. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izinambuzane zezinyosi akufanele zigule. Pheka izinyosi ezingama-20 kumalitha amabili amanzi amahora amabili. Thatha amagremu angama-200 ngosuku.

Isikhathi sokwelashwa okuhlukile kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa nezinqubo ezibekwe udokotela futhi ungakhohlwa ukulawula ushukela, noma ngabe sikusiphi isimo.

Ukudla

Into esemqoka nesifo sikashukela, kungakhathalekile ukuthi luhlobo luni, umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca olinganiselayo nokudla okufanele.

Khipha inhlanzi enamafutha (izilwane zasolwandle), inyama, nakho konke ukudla okuqukethe i-cholesterol ekudleni.

Kubalulekile ukungafaki ama-khekhe amasha nemikhiqizo yokubhaka.

Ezimweni eziningi, itafula lokudla udokotela oqondiswa izinkomba zokucwaninga, isimo sesiguli kanye ne-pathogeneis yalesi sifo. Ukuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho kusiza ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa.