Umzimba, ukhulelwe ushukela - uyini futhi welashwa kanjani?

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umzimba wowesifazane uthola izinguquko eziningi.

Kodwa-ke, kanye nokuguqulwa okuhleliwe ngalesi sikhathi, kuvame ukuvela izifo ezahlukahlukene ezazingaziwa ngumama owayelindele.

Phakathi kwalezi zi-pathologies kufaka phakathi isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.

Izici zesifo

Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa siwuhlobo sikashukela esenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngaphezu kwaleli fomu, udokotela angakwazi ukubona nesifo sikashukela, esivezwa ngokungabekezeleleki kweglucose.

Imbangela yokuchezuka ukwehla kokuzwela kwamaseli womzimba kwi-insulin ekhiqizwayo ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme le-hormone yokukhulelwa egazini.

Imvamisa, kumama abakhulelwe, ushukela ukhuphuka kuphela ngemuva kokudla, futhi ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho, inkomba ihlala ingaphakathi kobubanzi obujwayelekile. Uma umama enesifo sikashukela ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, lesi sifo ngeke siye ndawo.

Kunoma ikuphi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwalesi sifo, owesifazane kufanele alwele ukugcina amazinga kashukela esezingeni elifanele ukuze agweme izinkinga ngesikhathi sokubeletha futhi abekezelele umntwana onempilo.

Yini eyingozi enganeni?

I-fetus, ethwalwa ngumama, ithola kuye ushukela oludingekayo, kodwa hhayi i-insulin. Ngakho-ke, kuvela imetabolism enempilo.

Esimweni sokuba khona kokuphazamiseka kumama, kungenzeka ukukhuphula izinga leshukela, okuyingozi ikakhulukazi kuyi-trimester yokuqala, ngenkathi ingane ingaqali ukwakha i-insulin yayo.

Uma kwenzeka ukutholwa kwenkinga ngesikhathi, ukuthatha izinyathelo nokuqapha isimo, kungenzeka ukuba ubelethe umntwana onempilo ngokuphelele futhi kuqede ngokuphelele izinkinga lapho kubhekwa umsebenzi kumama.

Izimbangela zokuthuthuka kanye nokwenzeka

Ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi esinye sezimo esidala ukubukeka kwephula umthetho wukuvinjwa kwenqubo yokuqokwa kwe-insulin ngamahomoni okukhulelwa, anesibopho sokukhula okunempilo nokukhula kwesibeletho.

Futhi phakathi kwalezi zinto kunesidingo esandayo sikamama olindele i-glucose, okudingekile hhayi kuphela ngomzimba wakhe, kodwa futhi nange-fetus. Ngokufanelekile, ukukhiqizwa okwandisiwe kwe-insulin kuqala, okuphazamisa ukusebenza kwamanyikwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho imbangela yokuqalwa kwesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ingaba yizinto ezehlukile zokuhlukunyezwa kwe-autoimmune, isizinda sofuzo, ukukhuluphala okudluliselwe ngunina osesigabeni sokuqala sokutheleleka, ukwakheka kwe-polycystic kuma-ovari, imikhuba emibi nezinye izinto eziningi.

Imiphumela nezingozi

Lapho likhuphuka izinga likashukela legazi likamama olindele, kukhulu amathuba okuthi ama-macrosomia (ondle ingane).

Ezimweni ezinjalo, ingane esibelethweni ithola isisindo ngokushesha okukhulu, kepha ubukhulu nobungako bokukhula kwengqondo buhlala bujwayelekile.

Ukuthola isisindo esisheshayo kukhulisa amathuba okuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye nezinkinga lapho kusenziwa umsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathuba okuzala noma i-asphyxia, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso kanye nokukhula kwezinkinga zangemva kokubeletha kuyanda.

Ukugwema lezi zinkinga, odokotela bavame ukuphendukela kukholi yokuqala yokuzalwa. Kulokhu, inkambo yomsebenzi wezentengiselwano kungenzeka ngaphandle kwezinkinga noma ngenani elincane.

I-Pathogenesis kanye ne-etiology

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kukhona ukudluliswa kwe-glucose okusuka kumama kuye kuyi-fetus. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, cishe kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-trimester yesibili, ukuncipha kokuzwela kwezicubu ukuya e-insulin kwenzeka, ngenxa yalokho ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kungaqala.

Ukukhiqizwa komzimba kwe-insulin

Phezu kokuba khona kwendlela ethile yokuvela kokuphazamiseka kanye nezimpawu zokushintsha kwezempilo “okunempilo” emzimbeni wowesifazane okhulelwe, indlela yokukhula yesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngumuntu ngamunye ngokwemvelo.

Izimpawu

Ngokungafani noshukela ojwayelekile, isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa asinalo uhla olujwayelekile lwezimpawu ezingabonisa ukungasebenzi kahle. Ukufakazelwa okusobala kokuqala kwenkambiso yezinqubo zesifo sikashukela kuzoba izinga elikhulayo le-glucose egazini.

Ezimweni eziningi, abesifazane abakhulelwe abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa bangathola lezi zinguquko ezilandelayo:

• ukukhula ngokweqile okusheshayo kwesisindo somzimba womama okhulelwe (ukukhuphuka kwamagremu angaphezu kwama-300 ngeviki);
• ukoma okukhulu;
• isidingo sokuhambela njalo endlini encane;
• ukulahleka kwesifiso sokudla;
• ukukhathala.

I-fetus ngalesi sikhathi enqubweni ye-ultrasound ingabonakala izingxenye ezingalungile zezingxenye zomzimba, ukwakheka ngokweqile kwezicubu ezinamafutha kanye nokwanda okusheshayo kwesisindo somzimba.

Ukuxilonga

Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi umama wesikhathi esizayo ebhalisiwe emtholampilo wokubeletha, udokotela kufanele acabangele izinkomba ezithile ezibalulekile (ubudala kanye nesisindo sowesifazane okhulelwe, ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwangaphambilini, ukuzalwa kwezingane ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu amane, ukuzalwa kwengane, ukuba khona kwengqondo yelifa namanye amaphuzu amaningi).

Isinyathelo sesibili ukunikela ngegazi nge-glucose. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kwenziwa kaningana ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma okungenani inkomba idlula i-5 mmol / l, umama okhulelwe uzothunyelwa kuhlolo lokubekezelela ushukela.

Endabeni yezinkomba ezejwayelekile emavikini angama-24-28 wokukhulelwa, ukuphinda kwenziwe kabusha kuyenziwa. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho ungathola khona imiphumela efanele.

Ukwelashwa

Uma umama okhulelwe etholakala enesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, unikezwa umsebenzi olinganiselayo wokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukudla, nokulawula ushukela usuku lonke (ukukalwa kunconywa cishe izikhathi ezingama-5-6 ngosuku).

Ukudla ngokugula

Imithetho "yokuziphatha kokudla" ukulandela izincomo ezilula ezimbalwa:

1. ukudla kufanele kube okuthambile. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izidlo ezingama-5-6 ngosuku, ezi-3 kuzoba yizo eziphambili, bese ezinye - ukudla okulula;
2. ekudleni kuzodingeka ukhiphe ama-carbohydrate angaphansi kokutholwa ngokushesha (ufulawa, okumnandi, amazambane);
3. kuyadingeka ukukala izinga loshukela nge-glucometer ngemuva kokudla ngakunye;
4. Ungadli ngokweqile;
5. Ukudla kufanele kuhlelwe kanjena: 40-45% wama-carbohydrate aphilile, ama-30% wamafutha anempilo kanye nama-25-60% amaprotheni.

Imikhiqizo Evinjelwe

Uma usithole isifo sikashukela sokuthambisa, khipha lokhu kudla ekudleni kwakho:

• ushukela, ushokoledi, u-ayisikhilimu, amaswidi;
• ama-marinade, ujamu, ukhukhamba;
• ama-yogurts, amasobho, ubisi, ukhilimu omuncu omuncu;
• iziphuzo zezithelo nanoma yiziphi iziphuzo ezinoshukela.

Imenyu evunyelwe

Ukusetshenziswa okuvunyelwe:

• amantongomane aluhlaza;
• isobho zemifino, ukhukhamba, i-okroshka;
• izindle;
• imikhiqizo yesoya;
• imifino emisha;
• amanzi amaminerali namajusi asanda kufakwa;
• okusanhlamvu (i-oatmeal, i-buckwheat, ukolweni);
• izithelo ezomisiwe;
• izithelo ezingafakiwe kanye namajikijolo (amapharele, ama-apula, ulamula nokunye).

Ukudla sikashukela kanye nezimpawu zayo

Amamenyu eziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zikhethwe ngawodwa. Njengomthetho, umthwalo oyinhloko we-carbohydrate uwela ekudleni kwasekuseni, ama-carbohydrate ambalwa kufanele aqedwe ekudleni kwasemini, kanti isidlo sakusihlwa kufanele sibe nekhalori ephansi. Amathiphu wokulungiselela imenyu angatholwa kumhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kufanele kube okulinganiselayo, okuletha injabulo.

Vivinya umzimba imidlalo yakho ejwayelekile: ukuhamba, ukubhukuda, imidlalo yokuzivocavoca njalonjalo. Ukuzivocavoca isisu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuyaphulwa.

Uma uzizwa ungasenelusizo, kuhlehlise elinye ithuba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, qapha inhlala-kahle yakho. Imvamisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, abesifazane abakhulelwe bathola i-hypoglycemia.

Ukuze ugweme ukungakhululeki, qala isifundo ngemuva kwehora udle. Futhi, ngemuva nje kokuqeqeshwa, ungadla isamishi elikhanyayo noma i-apula.

Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, omama besikhathi esizayo abanesifo sikashukela bangabekwa ngemishanguzo eklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi emaketangeni omama.

Uhlu lwezidakamizwa lubandakanya iMagnesia, amavithamini wamaqembu A, E, iqembu B.

Ezigabeni zakamuva, kungadingeka usebenzise i-insulin. Futhi, ukuze ukhiphe i-hypoxia ye-fetus, i-Pentoxifylline, i-Riboxin noma iPiracetam iyasetshenziswa.

Ukuzalwa kwengane

Isikhathi sokulethwa esifanele se-GDM singamaviki angama-39- 40.

Kepha uma emavikini angama-38 isisindo se-fetus singaphezu kwama-3900 amagremu, ukuqala kokubeletha kuqala. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokwethulwa kwekhanda, inketho enhle kakhulu ngokuzala kwengane yemvelo.

Kodwa-ke, owesifazane obelethayo kufanele alinganise izinga likashukela njalo emahoreni angama-1-2.

Ukuvimbela

Uma ngabe unesifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, bese wedlula, ungaphumuli, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ungatholakala nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuqapha lo mzuzu futhi wenze izindlela zokuvimbela njalo.

Ngemuva kokubeletha, emavikini angama-6 kuya kwali-12, hlolelwa isifo sikashukela.

Kamuva, kunconywa ukuthi ihlolwe njalo ngeminyaka emi-3. Kuyadingeka futhi empilweni yansuku zonke ukulayisha umzimba wakho ngokuzivocavoca umzimba okuqinile futhi ulandele indlela yokudla (lokho kudla kufanele ikakhulukazi kube namaprotheni namafutha anempilo, bese kuvumela ama-carbohydrate).

Amavidiyo ahlobene

Izimiso zokudla okunempilo kwesifo sikashukela womzimba:

Noma odokotela bekuthola unesifo sikashukela, ungapheli amandla. Ukuhambisana nokudla, ukusebenza ngokomzimba kanye nokuqapha ngokucophelela kwezokwelapha kuzosiza ukuvimbela ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwalesi sifo futhi kunciphise umphumela waso ekuthuthukisweni kwengane.