I-diabetes mellitus yisifo esibi kakhulu se-endocrine okumele sigcinwe ngaphansi kokulawulwa njalo, ngaphandle kwalokho i-hyperglycemia engapheli iyakhula, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwezinqubo ezahlukahlukene ze-pathological kuzitho eziningi nezinhlelo. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezilawula isinxephezelo sikashukela ukubalwa kwamayunithi esinkwa.
Ukulawulwa ngani?
Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kusebenza ezigulini ezinefomu lokuncika le-insulin lesifo sikashukela, kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwesibalo samayunithi esinkwa, noma i-XE, yohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela nakho kukuvumela ukuthi ulawule isimo sakho uqobo. Ukusetshenziswa kokubala lapho kudla ukudla kwe-carbohydrate kwenzelwe ukuthonya ngempumelelo izinqubo ze-carbohydrate metabolism emzimbeni wesiguli futhi kukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe umthamo we-insulin ngokunembe ngangokunokwenzeka ngokomzimba ngemuva kokudla.
Yini iyunithi yesinkwa
Iyunithi lesinkwa lingumqondo owaziwa umhlaba wonke obonisa inani elithile lama-carbohydrate alingana nama-gramu ayi-12. Iyunithi lesinkwa ngumqondo oludingekayo wesifo sikashukela, ngoba likuvumela ukubala umthamo wezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela ne-insulin. Iyunithi elilodwa lesinkwa lilingana no-12 g kashukela noma u-25 g wanoma yisiphi isinkwa. Kwamanye amazwe, uphiko lwesinkwa akulona olungu-12 g, kodwa olungu-15 g, oluthinta kancane ukusebenza okuphelele lapho kubalwa ukudla okudliwayo. Abanye abasebenza nge-endocrinologists kanye nezazi zezempilo babiza amayunithi anjalo ngesitashi, kepha incazelo ayiguquki kulokhu. Leli gama laqanjwa ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-banal engxenyeni eyodwa yesinkwa mayelana nama-gramu ayi-12-15 ama-carbohydrate.
Umkhiqizo ongaphansi usephiramidi, i-XE ethe xaxa ikuyoKubalwa amayunithi esinkwa
I-Insulin Product Index + itafulaIziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zikushukela ongapheli we-carb, okuvumela ukwelashwa okuncane kokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine okuhambisana nalesi sifo. Amayunithi wesinkwa sikashukela asiza isiguli kahle futhi abale ngokushesha umthamo wezidakamizwa futhi anqume ngokudla okuthile. Lapho uhlela owakho ukudla, kufanele ubheke ukuthi kuzodliwa malini ama-carbohydrate namayunithi wesinkwa. Lokhu kusebenza kakhulu ezigulini ezisebenzisa i-insulin emfushane ne-ultrashort. Amatafula amaningi akhethekile enzelwe ukubalwa amayunithi anjalo kukho konke ukudla okuyisisekelo.
Lawa mathebhulethi asiza kakhulu kwabanesifo sikashukela abasanda kugula, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kukhunjulwa izinhlaka eziphambili, futhi isiguli sakha umkhuba. Uvele esazi isibalo esilinganiselwe sama-unit kumkhiqizo othile noma esitsheni ahlose ukusidla. Ukubalwa okulungile kuphela okungabeka ukuthi umuntu onesifo sikashukela uzobuyisa isikhathi eside kangakanani isifo sakhe ngaphandle kwemiphumela yempilo.
Musa ukudidanisa amakhalori kanye nesinkwa amayunithi
Wabasaqalayo abaningi badideka amayunithi esinkwa ngokuqukethwe kwekhalori, kepha okuqukethwe kilojoule kuncike kokuqukethwe kwamafutha omkhiqizo othile nokwakheka kwama-carbohydrate. Ama-carbohydrate alula futhi ayinkimbinkimbi. Umehluko wonke ukuthi ama-carbohydrate alula aqhekeka ngokushesha bese engena egazini ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokudla. Ukuhlaselwa okubukhali kweglucose kudalwa egazini. I-hyperglycemia enjalo ayinaso isikhathi sokunxeshezelwa yi-insulin futhi iba nomphumela olimaza kakhulu emzimbeni wesiguli, kodwa lapho izidakamizwa eziyinkimbinkimbi zidliwe, zihlephuka kancane kancane emgudwini we-gastrointestinal, onomthelela ekwandeni okubushelelezi kweglucose egazini lesiguli onesifo sikashukela.
Ukwazi umthamo oqondile we-insulin, kudingeka ube nomqondo wokuthi iyini iyunithi lesinkwa.Izibalo
Izicelo ezikhethekile zikhona, ezifana nesibalo sokubala izinkwa. Lezi zibalo ezinesifo sikashukela zenza lula impilo yeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela mellitus, ngoba i-algorithm yazo iqukethe inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo enezinkwa eziqinisekisiwe noma amayunithi wesitashi. Muva nje, ama-calculator e-inthanethi amayunithi esinkwa asedlangile, asiza ukubala ngokunembile hhayi kuphela inani le-XE, kodwa futhi nomthamo we-insulin olungiselelwe. Ungakwazi ukubala kwikhodi yokubala yomthamo womkhiqizo ngamunye, nokudla okugcwele okulungiselelwe.
Ezinye izinkomba zokuqukethwe kwe-XE emaqenjini womkhiqizo
Ukuze ujwayelane ngokujwayelekile nokuqukethwe kwama-carbohydrate emikhiqizweni ethile, futhi uqonde kangcono ukuthi ungabalwa kanjani amayunithi esinkwa, kufanelekile ukuhlaziya amaqembu adumile emikhiqizo yokudla esetshenziswa ekudleni kwansuku zonke komuntu.
Flour
Kungakhathalekile ukwehlukahluka, ukugaya, ukwakheka nohlobo, ucezu lwesinkwa luqukethe i-1XE noma i-12 kuya ku-15 amagremu ama-carbohydrate. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lapho bomisa isinkwa futhi belungiselela ama-breadcrumbs okuthile okushintshile, noma kunjalo, lelo cracker elifanayo lizoqukatha i-1 XE, ngoba okusele okusalile kuqukethe i-carbohydrate efanayo, futhi ivolumu nesisindo kulahleka ngenxa yomswakama oshisiwe. Isimo siyefana ngokufaka isinkwa neminye imikhiqizo kafulawa.
Izihlobo
Izazi zezempilo zibalile ukuthi izipuni ezi-2 zanoma ikuphi okusanhlamvu okuphekiwe kuqukethe iyunithi eli-1 lesinkwa. By indlela, isipuni iqukethe nje amagremu ayi-15 anoma iyiphi into. Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, uhlobo lwamabele alunalo inani elisebenzayo, kepha okuqukethwe amayunithi esinkwa kuwo kukuvumela ukubala kahle umthamo wezidakamizwa.
I-Legumes
Izimbaza, ezinjengobhontshisi, i-lentil kanye nethanga, ziphansi kuma-carbohydrate, ngakho-ke, iyunithi le-1 lesinkwa emikhiqizweni enjalo lihambelana nezinkezo ezingaphezu kwezingu-7 zezimbaza. Lesi sibalo sikhulu kakhulu, ngakho ama-legumes anganakwa empeleni uma edliwe.
I-Legumes empeleni ayiqukethe ama-carbohydrateImikhiqizo yobisi
Ukwakheka kobisi nemikhiqizo yobisi kufaka lonke uhla lwezakhi zomzimba, okungamaprotheni, amafutha, kufaka phakathi ama-carbohydrate. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi kungakanani izinga lokuqukethwe kwamafutha, inani lezinkwa noma amayunithi esitashi emikhiqizweni enjalo lizofana, i.e. ku-ukhilimu onamafutha kuzoba ne-XE eningi njengobisi oluncane. Izazi zezempilo zamukele leyo nkomishi eyodwa yobisi nge-250 ml. ihambelana neyunithi le-1 lesinkwa. Imikhiqizo yobisi kufanele ibhekwe lapho kulungiswa izitsha ezahlukahlukene, ngoba okuqukethwe ama-carbohydrate kuyo kukhulu impela. Ukuze ungabangeli ukwanda okungazelelwe kwe-glucose esegazini, cabanga njalo.
I-Confectionery
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaswidi, ushukela, i-powder, i-khekhe kunokudla okune-carb ephezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo ye-confectionery inamaphesenti aphezulu ama-carbohydrate alula wokugaya, anomthelela omubi kakhulu emzimbeni wesiguli wanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela. 1 isipuni sikashukela sifana neyunithi engu-1 yesinkwa, futhi lokhu kufanele kubhekwe kunoma imuphi umsebenzi wobuchopho.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-ayisikhilimu nayo ingumkhiqizo we-confectionery, okuqukethwe kwama-carbohydrate kuwo akunangqondo, ngoba okuqukethwe kwekhalori kudalwe ngenxa yokugxilisa okukhulu ukhilimu. Engxenyeni eyodwa ye-ayisikhilimu iqukethe amayunithi esinkwa angama-2. Nakisisa iqiniso lokuthi u-ayisikhilimu omuncu uqukethe i-XE ephansi kakhulu kune-ayisikhilimu yezithelo noma u-ayisikhilimu we-chocolate. Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala nesesibili, kungakhathalekile ukuthi zinjani ezempilo, bonke ochwepheshe ngaphandle kokuncoma, bancoma ukumisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate ashesha ukudla.
Inhlanzi nenyama
Imikhiqizo yenyama nenhlanzi empeleni ayiqukethe ama-carbohydrate, ngakho-ke akufanelekile ukukucabanga ngokuya ngalolu hlelo. Eqanda, ngokufanayo, azikho amayunithi esinkwa. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukubhuka, lokhu kusebenza kuphela enyameni ephelele, endabeni yokupheka inyama esisikiwe, izingcezu nezinye izitsha, ukupheka kudinga ukungezelelwa kokubhaka, ufulawa noma eminye imikhiqizo ye-carbohydrate, lokhu kufanele kubhekwe. Kepha ngokupheka okujwayelekile kwenyama nenhlanzi, awukwazi ukucabanga ngamayunithi esinkwa.
Imifino nemifino yezimpande
Akukho cishe ama-carbohydrate emifino, ngakho-ke ngesifo sikashukela awukwazi ukuzikhawulela ekudleni ukhukhamba notamatisi. Enye into iphathelene nezilimo eziyimpande, lapho kukhona khona ama-carbohydrate. Ubhatata oPhakathi uqukethe i-1 XE, izaqathi ezinkulu futhi. Khumbula ukuthi ngokucubungula okuhlukahlukene okuyisisekelo, izilimo zezimpande zingadala ukukhuphuka ngokushesha koshukela wegazi kanye nokukhula kancane kancane. Isibonelo, i-hyperglycemia ingakhula lapho idla amazambane abunjiwe, kepha uma usebenzisa amazambane athosiwe, ubungozi balesi simo buncane.
Izithelo namajikijolo
Izithelo zithathwa njengokudla okunekhabhoni ephezulu. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi unjani ama-carbohydrate, angadala isimo se-hyperglycemic. Iyunithi elilodwa lesinkwa liqukethe engxenyeni eyodwa yalezi zithelo ezilandelayo: ubhanana, ummbila, uviniga. Kuzithelo ezinjengama-apula, amawolintshi, ama-pearl 1XE aqukethe ezithelo ezi-1. Amapulangwe, ama-apricots namajikijolo aqukethe i-1XE yezithelo ezi-3-4. Amagilebhisi abhekwa njengekhabhoni ephezulu kakhulu yekabhoni. Amagilebhisi amakhulu amane aqukethe iyunithi eli-1 lesinkwa.
Iziphuzo
Uma uthenga ujusi wefekthri, khona-ke ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu likashukela kuyo ngeke kumangaze. 1 inkomishi yejusi ethengiwe noma umpe uqukethe amayunithi wesinkwa ayi-2,5. Uma sikhuluma ngejusi eyenziwe ekhaya, khona-ke enkomishini e-1 kuzoba ne-1.5 XE, enkomishini eyi-kvass eyodwa - 1 XE, nasemanzini amaminerali ngeke abe khona nhlobo.
