Izigaba sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela isifo sikashukela yisifo esibi esisehlelweni esithinta abantu abangaphezu kuka-20% emhlabeni. Futhi phakathi kwabo akubona abantu abadala kuphela, kodwa futhi nezingane. Lesi sifo sibonakaliswa ukungasebenzi kahle kwengxenye pancreatic, kanye nokwephula umzimba ne-carbohydrate metabolism emzimbeni. Ngokuya ngohlobo nesigaba sikashukela, umuntu angaba nezifo ezahlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ukwelashwa kwezifo ezingaphansi futhi zibe zimbi kakhulu isimo esivamile sesiguli.

Umnyombo walesi sifo

Isifo sikashukela yisifo okuvela kuso okuvusa umetabolism emzimbeni. Ngenxa yomqondo ophazamisekile wama-carbohydrate namanzi, ukungasebenzi kahle kwamanyikwe kwenzeka. Amangqamuzana akhe ayonakalisiwe futhi inani le-hormone (i-insulin) elikhiqizwa nguye liyancipha kancane kancane. Kepha yi-insulin ebhekele ukuguqulwa kweshukela ibe ushukela. Lapho lingantengantenga emzimbeni, ushukela uqala ukuqwabelana ngokuqinile egazini futhi ukhishwa ngokusebenzisa umgudu wokuchama kanye nomchamo.

Ngenxa yalokhu, amaseli womzimba ngeke awathole amandla awadingayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile (amandla kuwona yi-glucose ngqo), ayeke ukugcina umswakama ngaphakathi kwawo bese efa. Umphumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinye izifo ezingakuholela emiphumeleni emibi, ngokwesibonelo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, unhlangothi, ukufakwa kwe-myocardial, njll.

Lesi sifo singaba ukuzalwa kabusha (okusho ukuthi, sihlakulela isizinda sendlela eyindlalifa) noma sitholiwe. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu benkambo yesifo ayincikile kulokhu. Isifo sikashukela ngokufanayo sidinga isinxephezelo se-insulin futhi sihlushwa yizinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezivame kakhulu kuzo yi-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela (umbono oncishisiwe), unyawo lwesifo sikashukela, isifo sokuqina kwemizwa, i-gangrene, ukwehluleka kwezinso nabanye.

Indlela yokuqanjwa kwesifo sikashukela inemibandela, ngoba njengamanje odokotela bayasazi kahle izingxenye zayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lesi sifo sinezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko futhi zombili zihlukile kakhulu kwesinye. Kodwa-ke, kunenkomba ebizwa ngokuthi yi-hyperglycemic index, ethathwa njengesisekelo sokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo. Ukuqonda ukuthi kuyini, amagama ambalwa kudingeka atshelwe ngesimo esinjenge-hyperglycemia, isimilo sazo zombili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela.

Indlela yokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela

I-Hyperglycemia yisimo esibonakaliswa ushukela wegazi ophakeme. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ushukela ongena emzimbeni ngokudla awucutshungulwa yi-glucose ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-insulin. Ngokuphikisana nalesi sizinda, amaseli aqala ukuba nokuhlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla, ngoba ama-hormone ayeka ukusebenzisana nawo.

Ukuchazwa okunjalo kwentuthuko yesifo sikashukela kubangelwa ukuthi i-hyperglycemia nayo ingakhula ngokuqhamuka ngemuva kwamanye ama-pathologies, afaka:

Siyini isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin

• hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism);
• ama-benign tumors of the gren adrenal gland (akhiqiza ama-hormone anezindawo eziphikisana ne-insulin);
• ukusebenza ngokweqile kwezindlala ze-adrenal (zingenzeka zombili ngaphansi kwethonya lesizinda se-hormonal esiphazamisekile, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinye izifo);
• ukuqina kwesibindi;
• i-somatostatinoma (isimila se-pancreatic tumor esisebenza nge-hormone);
• i-glucagonoma (isimila esidabukisayo se-pancreas);
• i-hyperglycemia yesikhashana (ebonakala ngokwenyuka ngezikhathi ezithile nokwesikhashana kweshukela).

Njengoba kunezimo eziningi lapho izinga le-glucose egazini lingaphandle kokujwayelekile, kuyavunywa ukuthi isimo esenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokwephulwa okuyinhloko kwesenzo se-insulin sibhekwa njenge-hyperglycemia eyiqiniso.

Ukuqapha njalo ushukela wegazi kukuvumela ukuthi uthole isifo sikashukela ngesikhathi esifanele futhi uqale ukwelashwa

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okufanele, odokotela kufanele bahlole isiguli ngokugcwele ukuthola izifo ezingenhla. Uma ngesikhathi sokuxilonga ubukhona babo buqinisekisiwe, khona-ke isifo sikashukela kuleli cala sinemibandela futhi sesikhashana. Kuyelapheka kakhulu, kulula kakhulu ukwenza ukwelashwa okulungile kwesifo esiyisisekelo, ngoba ngemuva kwalokhu ukusebenza kwe-pancreatic kanye nokuzwela kwezicubu ku-insulin kuyabuyiselwa.

Uma izifo ezingenhla zingatholakalanga ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesiguli, lokhu kungakhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela seqiniso. Kodwa-ke, kuleli cala, ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kunesifo futhi unikeze usizo lokwelashwa, kuzodingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okuningana.

Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isifo sikashukela sehlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili - ezokuqala nezesibili. Uhlobo ngalunye lwesifo sikashukela lunezici zalo ezihlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nokwelashwa esiteji sokuqala sokukhula kwabo kunamaqhinga ahluke ngokuphelele. Kepha kufanele kuthiwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimpawu zesifo ziba zifanayo kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi irejimeni yokwelashwa ilingana entweni efanayo - ukuqokwa kwempumuzo yokwelapha, okusho ukusetshenziswa kwemijovo ye-hormone insulin.

Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala

Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 yisifo lapho umzimba uqala ukubhubhisa khona amaseli wayo we-pancreatic, okuholela ekuqedeni ngokuphelele kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lesi sifo sibizwa nangokuthi sincike kwe-insulin, ngoba lapho kungekho ngokuphelele i-insulin egazini, ushukela awukwazi ukwephulwa futhi ungeniswe emangqamuzaneni.

Izimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1

Iziguli ezinikezwe lolu hlobo lokuxilonga zinqunywa ukuthi zibuyiselwe esikhundleni ekuqaleni kwesifo sikashukela. Futhi njengoba i-insulin ivame ukuwohloka emgudwini wesisu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngendlela yamathebulethi akunakwenzeka ngoba ngeke kukhiqize umphumela oyifunayo. Ngakho-ke, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 zinikezwe imijovo ebekiwe ekhishwa ngokungenamkhawulo noma nge-intramuscularly bese ingena ngokushesha egazini, lapho iqala khona ukusebenzisa umphumela wayo wokwelapha.

Yini eyingozi kohlobo lweshukela sikashukela? Ukuthuthuka kwayo kuholela ekubambeni cishe kuwo wonke amalungu angaphakathi nezinhlelo. Okokuqala, uhlelo lwenhliziyo nokuqina kwesikhumba kuhlupheka ngakho. Ngokuthuthuka kwayo, izingozi zokuthola i-gangren, stroke noma ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo zanda kaningana.

Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2

Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sithathwa njengesifo esizimele esine-insulin futhi sitholakala ikakhulu kubantu abanokukhuluphala ngokweqile abaneminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-T2DM kubangelwa ukuthi amangqamuzana omzimba abona umsoco owedlulele futhi kancane kancane aqale ukulahlekelwa umuzwa we-insulin. Ngenxa yalokhu, bayayeka ukumunca amandla ngokwabo nokuzinza kweglue egazini.

Kulokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwemijovo ye-insulin kungakhethwa, ngoba i-pancreas ayiphazamiseki ekwakhiweni kwalesi sifo. Ukwenza amazinga ashukela ajwayelekile abe khona, kunqunyelwe ukudla okukhethekile kwe-carb, okufaka ngaphandle ukudla okuvela kumenyu yansuku zonke yesiguli enomthelela ekwandeni okukhulu kweglucose yegazi. Lokhu kufaka amaswidi ahlukahlukene, amakhekhe, ukudla okunamafutha nokuthosiwe, inyama ebhemayo, njll.

Ukondliwa okufanele kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kunikeza ushukela wegazi okuvamile ngaphandle kwemithi

Kuphela uma ukondleka okufanele nokuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo kungasizi futhi kunesikhathi sokuncipha (ukuwohloka okubalulekile kokuphila kahle kanye nokulimala kokusebenza kwe-pancreatic), baphendukela kumijovo ye-insulin.

Isigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela

Kunezigaba ezi-4 zesifo sikashukela, ngasinye sinezimpawu zaso zesifundo:

• Isigaba sokuqala. Kuyinto elula kunazo zonke, ngoba izinga likashukela wegazi lisheshe lifane nokudla okufanele nokudla izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela. Kepha kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi lesi sifo asitholakali kakhulu kulesi sigaba sokukhula kwalo, ngoba izinga likashukela wegazi alidluli ku-7 mmol / L futhi alikhishwa emchameni. Ngasikhathi sinye, isiguli uqobo sizizwa sanelise ngokwanele futhi asiziboni izimpawu zesifo sikashukela.
• Isigaba sesibili. Kukhona ukwanda kwe-glucose yegazi ngaphezu kwe-7 mmol / l, kunezimpawu zokuxaka. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesigaba sesibili sikashukela, ezinye izitho nezinhlelo zithintekile. Imvamisa, kulesi sigaba senqubo yesifo, kulimala izitho ezibukwayo, izinso nohlelo lwamathambo.
• Isigaba sesithathu. Kulesi sigaba sikashukela, izinga likashukela egazini likhuphukela ku-14 mmol / L bese liqala ukukhishwa ngokuchama emchameni. Isiguli siveze izimpawu zokuphazamiseka - ukuwohloka okubukhali embonweni, ukukhubazeka kwamalunga, ukugxuma okuqinile ekucindezelweni kwegazi, njll. Izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela kanye nokudla azinikezi imiphumela emihle, ngakho-ke, imijovo ye-insulin isivele ibekelwe ushukela wesigaba 3.
• Isigaba sesine. Uhlobo lokugcina nesithuthuke kakhulu salesi sifo, esibonakaliswa ngokwanda koshukela wegazi kuze kufike emikhawulweni eyi-25 mmol / l nangaphezulu. Lapho kudlula izivivinyo, ukubonakala kwenqwaba yama-glucose namaprotheni kumchamo (owokugcina ngokuvamile akufanele ube khona nhlobo). Isimo esejwayelekile siya siba sibi. Ngaphezu kombono ophanjanisiwe kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isiguli sitholakala sinehluleki sezinso, futhi kuvela izilonda ezibucayi emaphethelweni aphansi, okugcina kuholele ekukhuleni kwe-gangrene. Kulokhu, ukudla, ukuvivinya umzimba ngokulinganisela nezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela akunikezi umphumela omuhle. Isiguli siphoqelelwa ukuthi sihlale "sihlala" ku-insulin futhi kwesinye isikhathi sibhekana nenkambo yokwelashwa esibhedlela.

IGangrene iyinkimbinkimbi ejwayelekile kakhulu yesifo sikashukela esithuthukile.

Akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi lesi sifo sithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusuka kwesinye isigaba siye kwesinye, ngoba lapha konke kuncike kumuntu uqobo nesimo sakhe sengqondo empilweni yakhe. Uma enamathela njalo ekudleni futhi alandele konke ukunconywa kukadokotela ngokushesha ngemuva kokuxilongwa isifo sikashukela, angakwazi ukulawula inkambo yalesi sifo futhi avimbele ukwanda kwezinkinga ngemuva kwaso.

Izimpawu eziphambili

Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esibonakala ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhomba ukukhula kwayo ngesikhathi sokuqala, ngoba ukuphela kwendlela yokugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga eziphikisana nesizinda sayo. Futhi ukwenza lokhu, uma ungazi izimpawu zokuqala zesifo, akunakwenzeka.

Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela yilezi:

• umlomo owomile nokoma okungapheli;
• ukuchama njalo;
• isikhumba esikhanyayo;
• ubuthakathaka bemisipha;
• ushintsho lwesisindo somzimba (ukukhuphuka kanye nokwehla kwalo kungabhekwa);
• ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi;
• ukubukeka komzimba wamanxeba nama-pustule apholisa isikhathi eside.

Uma okungenani kuvela izimpawu zokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo okungenani, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngokushesha uqale kulinganise amazinga kashukela wegazi bese uqopha imiphumela kudayari. Uma kunokwanda kwezinkomba okuqhubekayo, kufanele ufune usizo kudokotela ngokushesha. Ungazenzisi kunoma yisiphi isimo. Amakhambi abantu lapha awasasebenzi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa kungaqinisa kuphela lesi sifo.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ekhethekile, engathathwa kuphela njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kuhlale kunqunywa ngawodwana. Kulokhu, izici ezinjengokuthi:

• uhlobo lwesifo;
• isigaba sokuthuthuka kwe-pathology;
• iminyaka yesineke;
• ukuba khona kwezifo ezivumelanayo esigulini.

Njengomthetho, ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela nakanjani kufaka phakathi isidlo esisezingeni eliphansi se-carb, ukusebenza ngokomzimba okulinganiselayo, ukuthatha ukwehlisa ushukela nemithi enezimpawu. Ngokungasebenzi kahle kwe-pancreatic, kusetshenziswa imijovo ye-insulin.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isifo sikashukela yisifo esibi esithathwa njengengalapheki, akusona isigwebo kumuntu. Ukuhambisana nazo zonke izincomo zikadokotela kuzosiza ukugwema izinkinga futhi kuholele indlela ejwayelekile.