I-Insulin Humulin NPH - imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa

Kwabashukela abaningi, izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-insulin ziyisisekelo sokwelashwa nesiqinisekiso sempilo ejwayelekile.

Le mishanguzo ifaka uHumulin NPH. Udinga ukwazi izici eziphambili zaleli thuluzi ukuze uvikele amaphutha ekusetshenzisweni kwalo. Umenzi walo mkhiqizo useSwitzerland.

Umuthi ungowenombolo yama-insulin, enziwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-DNA esebenza kabusha. Isakhi saso esikhulu i-insulin yabantu.

Imininingwane ejwayelekile

Umuthi ukhishwa ngendlela yokumiswa (iHumulin NPH ne-M3). Kukhona nekhambi lokujova (iHumulin Regular). Kuvunyelwe ukuyisebenzisa kuphela njengoba kuchazwe ngudokotela, ngakho-ke ukuthengwa komuthi kungenzeka ngomuthi.

Ngaphezu kwento esemqoka, ukulungiswa kweHumulin NPH kuqukethe:

• phenol;
• metacresol;
• i-zinc oxide;
• glycerol;
• i-hydrochloric acid;
• i-sodium hydroxide;
• protamine sulfate;
• sodium hydrogen phosphate;
• amanzi.

Umuthi ufakwa emabhodleleni onomthamo we-4 noma u-10 ml. Ingathengwa futhi kuma-cartridges we-1.5 no-3 ml.

Ukumiswa kunombala omhlophe futhi kubonakaliswa yikhono le-delamination kanye nokwakheka kokudilika.

Isenzo se-Pharmacological

Ingxenye esebenzayo yesidakamizwa i-insulin yokwenziwa, enomphumela ofanayo ne-insulin ekhiqizwa emzimbeni womuntu.

Kuthuthukisa ukumunca ushukela okusebenzayo. Ngemuva kokufakwa komuthi, lo muthi ungena ekuxhumaneni nezitho zamaseli, uvuselela ukuhamba kweglucose phakathi kwamaseli nokusatshalaliswa kwawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuqina kwayo egazini kuyehla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo muthi usebenza esibindini, uvimbela ukukhishwa koshukela ngokweqile. Esikhundleni salokho, ushukela ngokweqile uguqulwa abe izicubu ezinamafutha.

Lesi sidakamizwa siqala ukusebenza ihora elilodwa ngemuva komjovo. Isenzo saso esinamandla kakhulu singabizwa ekuphumeni kwamahora ama-2-8 ngemuva komjovo. Isikhathi sonke somphumela womuthi cishe amahora angama-20.

Izinkomba kanye ne-contraindication

Sebenzisa ama-ejenti aqukethe i-insulin anconywe udokotela kuphela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kunengozi yomonakalo ongenakulungiswa empilweni.

I-Humulin kufanele isetshenziswe kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• isifo sikashukela i-mellitus esidinga ukwelashwa kwe-insulin;
• isifo sikashukela esinga-insulin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, kunconywa ukwelashwa kwe-insulin, kepha okokuqala kuyadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe uhlolo ukuze ukhethe umuthi ofanele kakhulu. I-Humulin ine-contraindication, ngoba kufanele wenqabe ukuyisebenzisa. Phakathi kwazo kubizwa:

• i-hypoglycemia;
• ukungabekezeleli izingxenye zomuthi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimo lapho kudingeka kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuqapha ezikhethekile. Lapho kukhona izici ezithile, umzimba wesiguli kungenzeka ukhuthele kakhulu ekuphenduleni umuthi olungiselelwe. Lokhu kwenzeka emacaleni alandelayo:

• izifo zesibindi nezinso;
• izingane kanye nokuguga kwesiguli.

Iziguli ezinjalo zidinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela nokukhetha ngokucophelela umthamo womuthi.

Imiyalo yokusebenzisa

Umthamo we-insulin unqunywa ngokuhlukile, ngokusekelwe kwizidingo zomzimba. Akuvunyelwe ukwandisa noma ukwehlisa ngaphandle komyalo kadokotela ohambelayo.

Ukwethulwa komuthi uvame ukwenziwa ngaphandle kokufakelwa, ngoba izinto ezisebenzayo zisatshalaliswa ngokushesha okukhulu. Udinga ukufaka imijovo ehlombe, ethangeni noma odongeni lwesisu sangaphakathi. Qiniseka ukuthi uguqulela amasayithi womjovo, kungenjalo kungaqalwa i-lipodystrophy.

Ukuphathwa kwe-intramuscular of umuthi kwesinye isikhathi kuyenziwa, kepha lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngokuncoma uchwepheshe. Lesi sidakamizwa asivunyelwe ukufakwa emthanjeni.

Isifundo sevidiyo yesirinji:

Iziguli Ezikhethekile Nezinkomba

Lapho enquma uHumulin, udokotela kufanele abheke ukuthi ezinye iziguli zidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Emizimbeni yabo, lo muthi ungathinta kabi uma ungakhombisi ukucabanga kusengaphambili.

Lokhu kusebenza ezigulini ezifana:

1. Abesifazane abakhulelwe. Ukwelashwa kwabo nomuthi kuvunyelwe, ngoba i-insulin ayilimazi ukuthuthukiswa kwesibeletho futhi ayiphazamisi inkambo yokukhulelwa. Kepha ngalesi sikhathi, abesifazane babonakala ngoshintsho olubi lwezinkomba zikashukela, yingakho ukuguquguquka okukhulu ezingeni lokudingeka komzimba we-insulin kungenzeka. Ukuntuleka kokulawula kungadala isimo se-overdose ne-hypoglycemic, okuyingozi kubo bobabili umama okhulelwe kanye nengane. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuqoqwa kwe-glucose kulo lonke ukukhulelwa.
2. Omama banceliswa amabele. Baphinde bavunyelwe ukusebenzisa uHumulin. Into yayo esebenzayo ayithinti ikhwalithi yobisi lwebele futhi ayibeki engcupheni enganeni. Kepha kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi lona wesifazane ulandela ukudla.
3. Izingane. Uma unesifo sikashukela ebuntwaneni, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-insulin. Kepha udinga ukucabanga ngezimpawu zomzimba ezihlobene nobudala, ngakho-ke kufanele ukhethe ngokucophelela umthamo womuthi.
4. Abantu abadala. Zibuye futhi zizalwe ngezinto ezihlobene nobudala abathembele kuzo ukunaka lapho beya uHumulin nokukhetha uhlelo lokwelashwa. Kodwa ngendlela efanele, lo muthi awuzilimazi iziguli ezinjalo.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ekwelashweni kwe-insulin udinga ukubhekwa njalo ngudokotela futhi unake zonke izinto ezingathinta impilo.

Okuphoqelekile lapho kunqunywa umuthi ukuphatha izifo eziwuphawu lwesiguli ngaphezu kwesifo sikashukela. Ngenxa yabo, ushintsho ohlelweni lokwelashwa nokulungiswa kwamadosi lungadingeka.

Lokhu kusebenza kumacala alandelayo:

1. Ukuba khona kokwehluleka kwezinso. Ngenxa yalokho, isidingo somzimba se-insulin sincane kunokuthi kube nezinkinga ezinjalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abanesifo sikashukela abanokwehluleka kwezinso banomuthi omncane womuthi.
2. Ukwehluleka kwesibindi. Ngalesi sifo, imiphumela yeHumulin emzimbeni ethuthukisiwe kungenzeka. Kulokhu, odokotela basebenza ukwehlisa umthamo womuthi.

Ngenxa yeHumulin, azikho izinkinga zokuphendula nokunaka, ngakho-ke noma yimuphi umsebenzi uvunyelwe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nalesi sidakamizwa. Ukuqapha kufanele kuthathwe lapho kwenzeka i-hypoglycemia, ngenxa yokuthi kuvela ubunzima kule ndawo. Lokhu kungaholela engcupheni yokulimala lapho wenza imisebenzi enobungozi futhi kudale izingozi zokushayela.

Imiphumela emibi kanye ne-overdose

Ukuvela kwemiphumela emibi evela kulo muthi kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile uma kungahluki ngokweqile kwamandla. Ukubonakaliswa okuncane kuvame ukuhamba ngokushesha noma kungabangeli usizi olukhulu. Kepha ngobunzima obuqinile, imiphumela emibi ingaba yingozi empilweni, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukuqapha.

Imiphumela emibi edumile kakhulu yile:

• hypoglycemia;
• lipodystrophy;
• ukulunywa
• imivimbo yesikhumba;
• ubunzima bokuphefumula
• ukuncishiswa kwengcindezi;
• umkhuhlane;
• tachycardia.

Njengoba esezitholile, isiguli kufanele sazise udokotela futhi sithole ukuthi yiziphi izindlela okufanele zithathwe ukuzenza zingahlangani. Kwesinye isikhathi ngenxa yalokhu kufanele ungene esikhundleni seHumulin ngomunye umuthi.

Kwezinye izimo, udinga ukunciphisa umthamo. Kukhona futhi amathuba okuqeda imiphumela emibi ngaphandle kwemizamo - lokhu kwenzeka lapho kwenzeka ngenxa yokungakwazi komzimba ukwelapha. Lapho nje umuntu esejwayela ukudla okwenziwa nsuku zonke kwe-insulin, imiphumela emibi iyanyamalala.

Lapho usebenzisa umthamo omkhulu kakhulu weHumulin, i-hypoglycemia ingavela.

Ukuvezwa kwayo okuyinhloko kubizwa:

• Isiyezi
• ubuthakathaka
• isicanucanu
• ikhanda
• ingcindezi ephansi
• iminyakazo
• tinnitus;
• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Uma kungekho ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, i-hypoglycemia enzima ingaholela ekufeni kwesiguli. Ochwepheshe kufanele bathathe izinyathelo ezisheshayo zokumisa lesi simo. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi ungayithuthukisa inhlalakahle yakho ngosizo lwemikhiqizo equkethe i-carbohydrate (ushukela, amaswidi, njll.).

Ama-Analog

Isikhalazo sesiguli sokuqokwa komenzeli we-analogue siyivela kaningi. Isidingo salokhu sinokuqhamuka ngenxa yemiphumela emibi yesidakamizwa, izindleko zayo nezinye izici.

Ukufaka esikhundleni seHumulin, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa kusuka kuhlu olulandelayo:

1. IMonotard. Ukukhishwa kwalesi sidakamizwa kusesimweni sokumiswa. Isakhi saso esikhulu i-insulin yabantu.
2. I-Humodar R. Umkhiqizo uqukethe isakhi esisebenzayo esifanayo, futhi uyathengiswa ngendlela yokumiswa.
3. IPensulin. Lesi sidakamizwa senziwa ngendlela yesisombululo somjovo. Isisekelo saso sifanekiselwa i-insulin yomuntu.
4. I-Protafan. Isisekelo somuthi yi-insulin Isofan. I-ejenti ukumiswa kokuphathwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
5. Masikwenze. Lo mkhiqizo usatshalaliswa ngendlela yesisombululo. Into yayo esebenzayo insulin yomuntu.

Ukuqala ukwelashwa ngosizo lwabo, udinga ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho, ngoba ukwelashwa kungavunyelwe. Qinisekisa ukuthi akukho okuphikisana. Udinga futhi ukuguqula ngokufanele isidakamizwa esisha.

Izindleko zalo muthi zithintwa yindlela yokuphuma kwaso, inani laso kwiphakheji, isifunda esithengiswayo nezinye izinto. Lapho uthenga ibhodlela eline-10 ml yesidakamizwa, udinga ukuchitha kusuka kuma-ruble angama-500 kuye kwangama-650.

Ukuthengwa kwama-cartridge amahlanu (3 ml) weHumulin kuzobiza cishe ama-ruble ayi-1450-1600. Kwesinye isikhathi isiguli singanikezwa imibandela yokukhetha ukutholwa noma amathuba okusebenzisa mahhala.