I-decipher ultrasound yamanyikwe

Izindlela zokuxilonga zifaka izinqubo zokuhlola usebenzisa umshini we-ultrasound. Le ndlela iyasebenza lapho kunesidingo sokuhlola isimo sesitho esibalulekile sepheshana esiswini - amanyikwe.

Itholakala ekujuleni kwezicubu, ngakho-ke izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuxilonga zinikeza isithombe sezempilo esingakapheleli, esingamvumeli uchwepheshe ukuthi anikeze ukwelashwa. Kungakho ukuhlolwa kwehadiwe kudingekile.

Izinkomba ze-ultrasound

Le nqubo engenabuhlungu, kepha ebaluleke kakhulu ichazwe kuma-99% amacala okucwaninga ngokuxilonga.

Izinkomba ze-Ultra:

• ukweqile kwesiguli (akuvumeli ukuzizwa kwesitho nokuhlola isimo sayo);
• ukuba khona kobuhlungu esiswini esingaphezulu (esibuhlungu noma esingamahlalakhona);
• i-gagging ejwayelekile (izizathu zalokhu azicaci);
• ukuthola i-jaundice noma izinsolo zayo;
• kukhona isimila esiswini esingaphezulu;
• kukhona ukwanda kwethamo lesisu;
• izinga lokushisa lomzimba lenyuke (amanani angaphezu kwama-37,5 degrees);
• ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokuqala, udokotela usola ukuba khona kwesimila esibuhlungu;
• uketshezi lwatholakala esibelethweni sesisu;
• isiguli sitholakala singelapheki le-pancreatitis engapheli;
• ukuthuthuka okungaba khona kwezinkinga zokuhlukahluka kobunzima ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yi-pancreatitis ebukhali, kufaka phakathi i-abscess, hematoma, pseudocyst.

Futhi, ukuqondiswa kwe-ultrasound kuzoqhamuka kudokotela ohambelayo, lapho kukhona ama-pathologies wesibindi noma esinye inyongo. Uma kwenzeka ukulimala esiswini, ezimweni ezingama-60% kudingeka ukuhlolwa kwezitho zomzimba.

Izinjongo zokucwaninga

Noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kunezinhloso nezinhloso ezithile, ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa ukutholwa okuyinhloko. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kuzobonisa - okujwayelekile noma ukuphambuka kuyabonakala ngesikhathi senqubo.

Imisebenzi imi ngalendlela elandelayo:

• indawo yamanyikwe;
• ukumiswa kwalesi sitho;
• osayizi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ukuze baqonde ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukwanda
• ihluke kanjani imincintiswano;
• isakhiwo se-parenchyma.

Imisebenzi eyengeziwe yenqubo:

• qonda ukuthi ngabe i-echogenicity iphakanyisiwe noma ingaphansi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile;
• nquma ukuthi yini ububanzi be-pancreatic ne-bile duct.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound kuvumela udokotela ukuthi anqume isimo sezicubu zezitho eziseduze. Ukuhlolwa kuzosiza ekuboneni isimo semikhumbi, futhi esibukweni sokuqapha uzobona ngokushesha ukuthi ngabe izitho eziseduze zilimele yini noma cha.

Ngokwezinkomba ezikhethekile ohlelweni lokucwaninga ngehardware, odokotela benza ucwaningo oluthe xaxa namandla ajulile okugeleza kwegazi okudlula emithanjeni etholakala ngaphakathi naseduze kwama-pancreas. Isakhiwo sibuye sifunde ngokucophelela.

Izinhloso zocwaningo ziqhathanisa phakathi kokuphambuka okukhona kusuka kokujwayelekile nokungalingani ekwakhekeni kwesitho.

Udokotela futhi unquma:

• ukuvuvukala (kwamazinga ahlukahlukene wokuboniswa);
• isimila (singaba ngemisuka ehlukahlukene - i-benign noma enomdlavuza);
• izindlela ezigxile zokuwohloka kwamafutha.

Izinguquko ezenzeka ngobudala zizobonakala naku-ultrasound. I-pancreatitis engapheli ibonakala ngokusobala, ngakho-ke udokotela uzokwazi ukubona ubukhulu besifo futhi athuthukise ukwelashwa okufanele ngalesi simo.

Uma kunesidingo, kungahlaziywa ukuhlaziywa okukhethekile phakathi nale nqubo - kusampula ingxenye yezicubu ze-gland. Isenzo senziwa ngenaliti encane, inqubo yonke ilawulwa yi-ultrasound.

Isampula yamathanga iyadingeka ukuze ihlolwe ngokuphelele elabhorethri ye-histology. Ngokusekelwe kudatha etholakele, kuzokwenziwa ukuxilongwa kokugcina.

Ukulungiselela nokuziphatha

Ukuze uthole imiphumela efanele, ehambelana nesimo sangempela sezinto, kubalulekile ukulungiselela isifundo usebenzisa umshini we-ultrasound. Izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ezikhethekile zokuqeqeshwa kwekhwalithi ngeke zidingeke.

Into esemqoka umuntu okufanele ayenze ukungadli ngaphambi kokuhlolwa (imvamisa i-ultrasound inikezwa ekuseni ukuze inqubo iphothulwe esiswini esingenalutho). Kunesincomo - ukwenqaba ukudla okungafika emahoreni ayi-12 ngaphambi kokuqala kwesifundo.

Kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi cishe i-1/3 yazo zonke izifundo inobunzima bokuthola izithombe ezisezingeni eliphakeme kuqapha nolwazi oluthembekile. Lokhu kungenxa yobukhona be-flatulence. Kungakho kunconywa ukuthi kugcinwe imikhawulo ethile yezondlayo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 ngaphambi kwenqubo.

Kukhishwe kwimenyu:

• imifino emisha nezithelo;
• isinkwa se-rye;
• imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yobisi;
• izindunduma.

Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-decoction yembewu dill, imint, ngoba kunciphisa amathuba okugcwala. Izincomo ezingeziwe zingukunyakaza kwamathumbu (amahora ayi-12-24 ngaphambi kwenqubo) nokwenqaba ukuthatha laxatives, kanye nokubeka i-enemas yokuhlanza.

I-Ultrasound yenziwa kanjena:

1. Indawo yesisu kufanele ikhululwe ezingutsheni (isiguli sikhumula ihembe lakhe).
2. Indoda ilala emhlane embhedeni.
3. Uchwepheshe usebenzisa ijeli ekhethekile endaweni yokuhlolwa kwesisu.
4. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuxhuma izinzwa kule ndawo.
5. Ngokushesha phakathi nesifundo, isiguli kufanele, ngesicelo sikadokotela, siphefumule ngokujulile, futhi sibambe umoya wayo imizuzwana eminingana.

Futhi kuzodingeka ukufaka isisu - lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kudilizwe amathumbu. Ngakho-ke udokotela uzokwazi ukubona kangcono ama-pancreas nendawo eseduze nayo.

Udokotela futhi ngesikhathi senqubo yokubonwa kangcono kweminyango efundwayo wenza ukunyakaza okunenzwa yento yokwenza izinto ezungezayo noma ezungezayo.

Ngesikhathi sokufunda, ubukhulu be-gland, kanye nesibindi, kuyalinganiswa, ukwakheka kwezicubu ezizungezile zalezi zitho zomzimba kuyahlolwa. Isikhathi sokutadisha asidluli imizuzu engama-8, isiguli asiboni ongemuhle noma sibuhlungu ngenqubo.

Ividiyo emayelana nokulungiselela i-tumbo esesiswini:

Izinkomba zingaphakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile.

Imikhuba yabantu abadala ekufundweni kwe-ultrasound kufanele ibe ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. Isitho sitholakala esifundeni se-epigastric.
2. Umumo uphakeme, ufana ne-tadpole noma i-dumbbell-shape.
3. Uhlaka nemingcele yesitho icacile, ibonakala kalula.

Ubukhulu:

• ikhanda - osayizi abajwayelekile ngokwesilinganiso 25 mm;
• isigaba esilandelayo ngumzimba - amapharamitha aso aphakathi kuka-15 mm;
• umsila - ngaphandle kwezinguquko ngu-22-29 mm.

Ezinganeni, amanani ajwayelekile angaphansi kancane kubantu abadala. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, ukucubungula (echogenicity) kufanele kube maphakathi. Kuyaziwa kaningi ukuthi i-echogenicity iyanda kubantu asebekhulile.

Imvamisa, ukwakheka kwawo wonke izicubu akuthembekile - akukhona ukuthi ulungile, ulungile noma uhlangene. Imikhumbi kufanele yakhe iphethini ngaphandle deformation. Ububanzi be-ducts bubalelwa ku-2 mm, hhayi ukunwetshwa.

Ukuhlehlisa kanye nama-pathologies atholakalayo

Ukuphasa ukuhlolwa, umuntu ngamunye unombuzo maqondana nemiphumela etholakele, ukuthi iyini, noma ngabe kukhona ukuphambuka nokwephulwa. I-Decryption iyasiza ukuthola izimpendulo. Kuyadingeka kudokotela ohambelayo, ngoba kukuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise uhlelo lokwelashwa oluphezulu.

Umbhalo wesifundo se-Ultrasound:

Futhi, uhlu lwezimpawu ezibonakalayo ngokusobala emshinini we-ultrasound kufaka i-atrophy yomsila we-pancreatic. Kulokhu, kuzodingeka izivivinyo zokuhlaziya ezingaphezulu kanye nokuhlaziya, ngoba kukhona izinsolo zokukhula kwesimila ekhanda.

Izimpawu zokushintsha kokushintsha

Ngemuva kokwenza isifundo se-ultrasound, kuvame ukudonswa isiphetho, esibhalwa udokotela, ngokususelwa kokubhaliwe. Esimweni lapho kunesisho esithi "fanisa ushintsho" - kungumbuzo wokuthi isiguli sinokuphambuka kumanani ajwayelekile.

Lapha sibheka usayizi wesitho nezingxenye zaso ezithile, isakhiwo (uma kunezinguquko, sinamandla amakhulu). Futhi ukuphambuka ukuba khona kwezindawo ezimnyama esakhiweni - lokhu kukhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala, ukushintshwa kwezicubu ezijwayelekile ngezicubu ze-lipid.

Ngokwengeziwe, ushintsho olusetshenziswayo lukhombisa ubukhona be:

• izifo ze-endocrine (kucacisa ukuhlolwa kuzodingeka);
• i-pathologies yokunikezwa kwegazi ene-atherossteosis ethinta amanyikwe;
• Izinkinga zokutakula ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Ukuphambuka kusuka kokujwayelekile nakho kungabonakala uma umuntu eba nokucindezelwa okuqinile noma okuhlala isikhathi eside. Ukuxilongwa okuyikho kungenziwa kuphela uchwepheshe onolwazi.

Inkulumo yevidiyo nge-ultrasound yesitho:

Ithini i-lipomatosis?

Uma kunokuhanjiswa kwezicubu ezijwayelekile ezinamafutha, khona-ke le nkinga ibizwa nge- lipomatosis. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesitho nge-ultrasound, lesi sifo singanqunywa ngesizinda sokukhanya kwesici.

Izicubu ezijwayelekile zingahaqa indawo enamafutha noma ihlangane nayo. Endabeni yokuphambuka okuqinile kwentuthuko, izindawo ezifakwe ngamafutha zibonakala zimhlophe kwi-track.

Ikhuluma ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-lipomatosis kanye noshintsho oluncane ngosayizi wamanyikwe kukhule ngalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokufakwa esikhundleni kwezicubu zayo ezijwayelekile ezinamafutha, ezihlala zi-voluminous xaxa. Imvamisa, izinguquko ziphawulwa kubantu abakhuluphele.

Futhi, i-lipomatosis ingahlotshaniswa nokuba khona kwezinye izifo nama-pathologies, ngokwesibonelo, ne-hepatosis (izicubu ze-adipose ithatha indawo ejwayelekile esibindini, ngenxa yalokho nayo ikhuphuka ngosayizi). Uma inkinga iqinisekisiwe, kuzodingeka ukwelashwa okufanele.

Izimpawu ze-Pancreatitis

Izinqubo zokuvuvukala kumanyikwe ziwuphawu lwento enkulu futhi kwenzeka ku-70% wawo wonke amacala aqoshiwe alesi sifo okuthiwa yi-pancreatitis. Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthuthuka kwayo.

Kuyemukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi isici esiyinhloko ukuba khona kwemikhuba emibi kumuntu, kepha empeleni, izinguquko ezingezinhle zingavela phambi kwezinye izifo noma ukungondleki.

I-pancreatitis ingaba yisifo esizimele kanye nokuxakaniseka kwezifo ezifana:

• isifo se-gallstone;
• izifo ezahlukahlukene ze-autoimmune;
• ukukhuphuka kwe-lipids egazini (izifundo ezingeziwe ezengeziwe ziyadingeka ukucacisa lesi sifo esiyimbangela);
• ukutheleleka ngegciwane okukhona emzimbeni;
• imiphumela yokulimala;
• ukuxilongwa kwezifo ze-endocrine.

Futhi, i-pancreatitis ingahle ibe ngumphumela womthelela omubi emzimbeni wemithi (noma inkomba yokuthi kuye kwaba ne-overdose yayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa).

Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kwe-pancreatitis (esibuhlungu noma okungamahlalakhona):

• nobuhlungu obuqinile (ngesinye isikhathi obumbopha) esiswini elingaphezulu;
• ukwephulwa kokuhlolwa kwegazi (hemoglobin ephansi noma ephezulu);
• I-ultrasound ikhombisa ngokusobala ushintsho ngosayizi we-gland (iyanda);
• ukuncishiswa kwe-echogenicity (kumnyama kumqaphi) kuyaphawulwa.

Qinisekisa futhi ukuthi kukhona i-pancreatitis kungaba nezinguquko ezinjengalezi:

• i-heterogeneity yesakhiwo sezicubu ze-gland futhi eduze kwayo;
• i-duct ehlanganisiwe
• ukubonakala kwe-edema yezicubu noma ukuncipha kwazo okuphawulekile.
• ukubukeka nokuqongelela koketshezi (ukwakheka kwe-pseudocyst).

Ukuvezwa okuphindaphindekile kokuvuvukala kudala izinsolo zenkinga. Zingadala ukuguqulwa kwe-pancreatitis kusuka ku-acute to chronic. Ngale ndlela yesifo, izicubu zepancreas uqobo ziyaguqulwa.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukwakheka kwama-pancreas kuba nzima kakhulu, futhi isitho ngokwaso sidlula ubukhulu baso obujwayelekile. Kwi-ultrasound, izindawo ezishintshiwe zibukeka ziqhakazile. Ama-pseudo-cysts kanye namatshe angakheka angabeka isithunzi. Iziqobelo zihlala zisetshenziswa ngokweqile.

Ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni ukuguqulelwa kwe-pancreatitis kusuka kwifomu elibi libe yisifo esingamahlalakhona. Uma lesi sifo sesiqaliwe, khona-ke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izinguquko zizokwenzeka endabeni - izoba yincane, bese kuvela isithombe se-ultrasound, ngoba izindawo eziningi zizothinteka.

Ividiyo emayelana nomthelela wotshwala kuma-pancreas:

Izihloko zomdlavuza

Ukuzimisela kwezimila, kubandakanya nomdlavuza, kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile futhi esinzima esifundweni emshinini we-ultrasound.

Izinguquko ze-Volumetric ezilandelwa ngaphansi kwe-ultrasound zingaba:

• mnyama
• kumnyama
• kukhanya;
• i-hegengenible

Futhi, ukuhlukanisa phakathi kombala nezicubu ezijwayelekile kungaba nzima. Amasayizi we-neoplasms ahlukile - kusuka kumincane (0,1 mm) kuya kumasentimitha amaningana.Angakhombisa futhi ukuphuma - esikrinini azodlulela ngale kwe-contour yesitho.

Ihlobene nama-volumetric neoplasms we-adenoma, hemangioma, lipoma, lymphoma, hematoma, kanye nomdlavuza uqobo.

Ukuxwaya i-neoplasm enobungozi kuzosiza izimpawu ezinjengalezi:

• ukwakheka kunomugqa omnyama;
• i-contour icacile, ibonakala ngokucacile;
• i-contour yangaphandle iyashintshwa (futhi lokhu kubonakala ngokusobala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-Ultra).

Ama-lymph node akhiwe eduze kwesitho ayanda. Ezimweni ezingama-30%, ama-metastases esibindini ayenzeka.

Kudingeka ukubhula ngepipi futhi kwenziwa kanjani?

I-puncture yenziwa ukuze kutholakale uhlobo lokwakheka kwezicubu. Inqubo ibekelwa njengengxenye yokwelapha okuqhubekayo ukuvimbela noma ukususa uketshezi, amathumba noma ama-pseudocysts.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyadingeka ngaphambi kwenqubo, ngoba kuyenqatshelwa uma kwenzeka kuba nesibalo esiphansi.

Indawo yesikhumba lapho kuzokwenziwa khona i-punch iphathwa ngotshwala, khona-ke i-anesthesia yendawo iyenziwa. Kusetshenziswa inaliti ekhethekile ukubhoboza lapho kufakwa enye inaliti. Ukuqashelwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isithwebuli esikhethekile. Okwamanje lapho inaliti ifinyelela indawo oyifunayo, udokotela wenza isampula yezicubu.

I-Ultoscopic ultrasound indlela entsha yocwaningo ekuvumela ukuthi uhlolisise ama-pancreas. Ucwaningo lwenziwa esiswini esingenalutho. Inqubo ukwethulwa kwe-tube ende ekhethekile enekhamera yevidiyo kanye nenzwa ye-ultrasound.

Isingeniso ngomlomo noma ngekhala. Izindlela ezikhethekile zokulungiselela ngaphambi kwenqubo azidingeki.