Ngabe ifundiswa kanjani isifo sikashukela empilweni yezikole?

Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus asisathathwa njengesifo esingajwayelekile, kepha bambalwa kuphela abantu abazi izici zenkambo yaso futhi abaqonda ukubaluleka kokulandela izincomo zokwelashwa.

Umuntu ngamunye owatholakala enalesi sifo okokuqala kufanele athole ukuqeqeshwa okufanele. Ngale njongo, kunesikole esikhethekile esinikeza amakilasi eziguli ezinesifo sikashukela.

Izinhlobo Nezimpawu zesifo sikashukela

Lesi sifo sibonakaliswa ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kanye nokwephula umzimba we-carbohydrate metabolism. Umphumela wokuqalwa kwenqubo enjalo ye-pathological emzimbeni ukwanda kwe-glycemia, kanye nokutholwa kweglucose emchameni. Inkambo yesifo sikashukela, ukubonakaliswa kwayo kanye namaqhinga akhethiwe wezokwelapha anqunywa uhlobo lwesifo.

Isifo sikashukela siyenzeka:

• Uhlobo olu-1 - kubandakanya imijovo ye-insulin ngenxa yokungabikho noma ukungakwaneli kokukhiqizwa kwayo ngumzimba;
• Izinhlobo ezi-2 - zibonakaliswa ukulahleka kokuzwela kwe-insulin futhi kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezikhethekile;
• gestational - kutholwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Uhlobo lwesifo esincike e-insulin lubangelwa ukulimala kumaseli we-beta obhekene nokutholwa kwe-insulin. Ukushoda kwama-hormone kuvimbela ukumuncwa kwe-glucose, okuholela ekukhuleni kwamanani ayo egazini. Lesi simo sibonisa i-hyperglycemia, lapho ushukela omningi ungangeni emangqamuzaneni, kepha uhlala egazini.

Izici ezingavusa ukuthuthukiswa kohlobo 1:

• izimbangela zofuzo;
• izifo, amagciwane athinta ama-pancreas;
• ukwehla kokungazinzi komzimba.

Le ndlela yalesi sifo iba ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ihlala ithinta abantu abasha. Banokwehla kwesisindo naphezu kokudla okungaphezulu nokoma. Kuhlala kunomuzwa wokukhathala, ukungakhathaleli kanye nokwanda kokuhlukaniswa komchamo ebusuku. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kusukela kuqale ukwelashwa kwe-insulin, isiguli sibuyele kwesisindo esijwayelekile futhi sithuthukisa inhlala-kahle.

Uhlobo olungasebenzisi i-insulin Ihambisana nezimpawu ezifanayo nohlobo 1, kodwa nokho inezici ezithile:

• lesi sifo senzeka ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40;
• Izinga le-insulin egazini lingaphansi kwemingcele evamile noma incishisiwe kancane;
• kukhona ukwanda kwe-glycemia;
• i-pathology imvamisa inqunywa ngengozi lapho umuntu ehlolwa njalo noma ekhononda ngesinye isifo.

Isifo sikashukela kulezi ziguli sikhula kancane, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi asiqapheli i-pathology emzimbeni isikhathi eside.

Izimbangela zohlobo 2:

• ukukhuluphala
• isindwa ifa.

Kulokhu, amaqhinga okwelapha asuselwa ekulandeleni ukudla, ukunciphisa isisindo nokubuyiselwa kokuzwela kokubona kwe-insulin emzimbeni. Uma kungekho umphumela walezi zinyathelo, umuntu anganconywa ukuthi athathe imishanguzo ekhethekile esiza i-glucose ephansi. Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kuyadingeka.

Ukuvela kwesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuba khona kofuzo olubangelwa ukubonwa kolwelwesi. Amaphutha kokudla okunempilo, kanye nokucindezela ngokweqile esakhiweni esakha ama-hormone, kungasicasula lesi sifo.

Iziguli ezinalolo hlobo lokuxilongwa kwezifo akufanele zilahle ithemba futhi zigxile ekuvinjelweni yisifo. Intuthuko yesayensi yanamuhla emkhakheni wezokwelapha inika ithuba kubo bonke abantu abanesifo sikashukela ukwenza izimpilo zabo ziphelele. Iqhaza elibalulekile ekuvinjelweni kwezinkinga nezifo ezihambisanayo zezimo ze-pathological lidlalwa yisikole sezempilo sabanesifo sikashukela.

Imfundo Yezikole Yezempilo

Ukuphumelela ekwelapheni lesi sifo kuncike kuphela emithini efanele, kepha esifiso, ekufuneni nasekwelulekeni kwesiguli ukuqhubeka nokuphila impilo esebenzayo.

Inkambo yesifo sikashukela incike kakhulu ekuphikelelekeni kwesiguli.

Ngokwesisekelo sezikhungo eziningi zezokwelapha, izikhungo zezempilo, kuye kwenziwa izikole eziyisipesheli lapho kuqhutshwa khona amakilasi okuqeqesha ukuqinisa nokugcina impilo yalabo abanesifo sikashukela. Abahanjelwa kuphela ama-endocrinologists, kepha futhi nochwepheshe abanjengochwepheshe bezamehlo, abelaphi, odokotela abahlinzayo, abezempilo.

Ukuba khona ekilasini kusiza iziguli ukuthi zifunde kabanzi nge-pathology uqobo, ubunzima obuhambisana nayo, futhi ifunde ukuthi ingayinqanda kanjani imiphumela engathandeki.

Imvamisa, umuntu onesifo sikashukela uyakwesaba le-pathology futhi enqaba ukunqoba noma ibuphi ubunzima obukhona ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Abantu abaningi baphelelwa ngumdlandla nezehlakalo ezenzeka manje, badumazekile empilweni, futhi ukwelashwa kubhekwa njengento engenanjongo ngokuphelele.

Ukuvakashela isikole sikashukela kusiza ukunqoba ubunzima futhi kufunde ukubakhona ngokugcwele kucatshangelwa uhlaka olusungulwe yilesi sifo.

Izihloko eziphambili okuvunyelenwe ngazo yi-WHO futhi ezihlanganiswa kwinqubo yokufunda yilezi:

1. Isifo sikashukela njengendlela yokuphila.
2. Ukuzithiba njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela izinkinga.
3. Imithetho yokudla okunempilo.
4. Ukudla kususelwa ekubalweni kwamayunithi esinkwa.
5. Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kanye nezinhlobo zamahomoni asetshenzisiwe.
6. Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela.
7. Ukusebenza ngokomzimba nemithetho yokulungiswa komthamo.
8. I-Hypertension, isifo senhliziyo se-ischemic.

Isikole ikakhulukazi sinezigaba zamaqembu eziguli, ezixoxa ngezinto zemithi yokwelashwa. Ukuqonda okungcono kanye nokwenziwa umndilili kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo kuyimpoqo, kubandakanya imidlalo nokusombulula izinkinga ezahlukahlukene.

Ngenxa yokusebenzisa indlela exhumanayo ekuqeqesheni, iziguli zishintshana ngolwazi, okunomthelela ekuboneni okungcono kolwazi olutholakele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawo maqhinga wokuqeqesha enza sikwazi ukwenza izinguquko ezinhlelweni zoqeqesho.

Ividiyo mayelana nohlobo 2 sikashukela:

Ochwepheshe bezikole emhlanganweni ngamunye babuza imibuzo ngenkulumo eyedlule ukuze bahlanganise baphinde bakuphindise lokho obekufundile. Kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa zikwazi ukusebenzisa ulwazi olutholile ekusebenzeni.

Uhlelo lwesifundo seswekile sikashukela luhlanganisa amabhlogo ama-3:

1. Ukuzithiba kwe-glycemia kanye nokusungulwa kwezinga elithile elenzelwe yinkomba.
2. Ukulungiswa kokudla nemfundo yokudla.
3. Amandla okubhekana nezimo ezicindezelayo futhi uqaphele izindlela zokuthibela kuzo zonke izingqinamba.

Isikole sikashukela siyisixhumanisi esiholayo ekwelashweni kwalesi sifo kanye nasekuvinjelweni kwemiphumela engathandeki.

Ukulawulwa kweshukela

Emakilasini aphethwe njengengxenye yesikole sikashukela, iziguli zitshelwa ngokubaluleka kokuziqapha kwe-glycemia, imvamisa yokuqaliswa kwayo phakathi nosuku.

Ukukalwa ushukela ojwayelekile kukuvumela ukuthi:

1. Qondisisa ukuthi liyini inani le-glycemia eliphelele kakhulu futhi elilungile.
2. Khetha imenyu ebheka indlela umzimba osabela ngayo ekuthatheni imikhiqizo ethile yokudla.
3. Sungula inani elifanele lomsebenzi womzimba odinga iziguli zesifo sikashukela.
4. Ukwazi ukulungisa umthamo wemithi ye-insulin kanye nokwehlisa ushukela.
5. Funda ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani imitha kashukela egazini futhi ulondoloze ngokufanele idayari yokudla, okufanele ibonise imiphumela yazo zonke izilinganiso nokudla okudliwayo. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukuhlaziya isimo sakho, sifinyelele eziphethweni ezifanele futhi silungise ukwelashwa uma kunesidingo.

Ushukela kufanele ulinganiswe okungenani izikhathi ezi-4 ngosuku, ezi-3 zenziwa ngaphambi kokudla, kuthi u-1 - ngaphambi kokulala. Isiguli singenza ngokuzimela ezinye izilinganiso ezingeziwe ze-glycemia ezimweni zokuwohloka kwenhlala-kahle, sizibandakanye nohlobo lomsebenzi ongajwayelekile, ngesikhathi sokuxineka noma ezinye izimo.

Ukudla okufanele

Ukudla kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelashwa okusebenzayo kwalesi sifo. Ochwepheshe balesi sikole bafundisa iziguli ukuthi zingagcini ngokukhetha imikhiqizo ngokuya ngemithetho yokudla, kodwa futhi zinikeze nezincomo zokusetha irejimeni yokudla, ukuhlanganisa ukudla nokuthatha amakhalori.

Izithombe ezinhle kakhulu:

1. Gcina isisindo ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile. Isisindo somzimba esithe xaxa kumele siqedwe ngokudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca umzimba.
2. Vikela ukwehla kwesisindo phambi kokuthambekela kokuncipha, okubaluleke kakhulu kwiziguli zohlobo 1.
3. Ukudla kufanele kube ngokuxutshiwe futhi kwethulwe izingxenye ezincane. Kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli zivikele ukulamba isikhathi eside ukuze kugwemeke i-hypoglycemia, kanye ne-coma.
4. Ukudla kufanele kube phezulu kilojoule ukwenza izindleko zamandla ngokuntuleka kweglucose emangqamuzaneni.
5. Kufanele ukwazi ukubala i-XE (amayunithi wesinkwa) ngesikhathi sokudla ngakunye. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ugcine umlando oqondile wenani lama-carbohydrate asetshenzisiwe, okubaluleke kakhulu kwiziguli ezithembela i-insulin lapho ukhetha umthamo we-hormone.

Indima yomhlengikazi ukuqapha ukuhambisana kweziguli nemibandela yokudla okungenamsoco.

Ividiyo Yesifo Sikashukela Sikashukela:

Ukuphathwa Kwengcindezi

Abantu abaningi basebenzisela ukususa ingcindezi engokomzwelo ngokuphuza utshwala, ukubhema, noma ukuphuza amaswidi amaningi.

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela akufanele bathathe inkululeko enjalo. Le mikhuba emibi ingaba nomphumela olimaza impilo yabo. Ngenkathi yokuqeqeshwa, ochwepheshe bezengqondo abanolwazi basekela iziguli, zibasize babhekane nengcindezi futhi babuyise isifiso sabo sempilo.

Ngakho-ke, isihluthulelo sempilo ethokozisayo yabantu abanalesi sifo sisezingeni eliphakeme lenhlangano, kanye nesifiso nesifiso sokufunda ukuthi kungalawulwa kanjani ukugula kwabo.