Izifo ze-Endocrine, ezihambisana nokwanda kwe-glucose yegazi, ziletha amandla azo empilweni evamile yohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, lokhu kusebenza ekuvinjelweni kokudla.
Ukulungisa ukudla nokudla okuhambisanayo kuzosiza ukugcina amazinga ashukela ajwayelekile futhi alahle amakhilogremu angeziwe, okuwudaba oluphuthumayo kwabesifazane.
Umehluko ku-Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Kunama-degree amabili kashukela. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zakha ngokumelene nesizinda sokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic ohlelweni lwe-endocrine futhi zihambisane nesiguli kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 asivamisile futhi sabalwa ngenani elilinganiselwe le-insulin eligcinwe ngamanyikwe. Amandla okungena kweglucose kumaseli wezitho kuncike kule hormone, ngenxa yalokho umzimba ungatholi amandla adingekayo empilweni, futhi noshukela uqwabelana ngokweqile egazini.
Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela luyisifo esiyindlalifa se-endocrine. Kuhlobo 1 sikashukela, amaseli we-pancreatic abhujiswa, okuthathwa ngumzimba angaphandle futhi awonakalise. Ukugcina ukulinganisela okwamukelekayo phakathi kwe-glucose ne-insulin, iziguli ziphoqelelwa ukuba ziphathe njalo i-hormone futhi ziqaphe ushukela wazo wegazi. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 bavame ukuba mncane futhi bakhuluphele.
Kuhlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus, i-insulin ikhiqizwa ngethamo elamukelekayo, kepha kulokhu, ukungena kweglucose emangqamuzaneni nakho kunzima, ngenxa yokuthi amaseli awasayiboni i-hormone futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ayiphenduli kuwo. Le nto ibizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin ukumelana. IGlucose ayiguquki ibe amandla, kodwa ihlala esegazini ngisho ne-insulin eyanele.
Iziguli azidingi ukuphathwa kwe-insulin njalo futhi ziguqula amazinga kashukela egazini ngemithi kanye nokudla okuqinile. Ngezinhloso zokwelapha, lezi ziguli zikhonjiswa ukunciphisa umzimba nokuzivocavoca noma ezinye izinhlobo zomsebenzi womzimba. Kepha futhi kufanele bavame ukukala amazinga kashukela. Imijovo ye-insulin ingadingeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kanye ne-pathologies yesistimu yethambo yegazi, ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwe-hyperglycemia, ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
Uhlobo 1 no-2 sikashukela aselapheki futhi banezimpawu ezifanayo:
- Ukoma okungenakuqedwa nomlomo owomile. Iziguli zingaphuza amalitha ayisi-6 amanzi ngosuku.
- Ukuphuma komchamo ovela kaningi. Uhambo lwamathoyilethi lwenzeka izikhathi eziyishumi ngosuku.
- Ukuqothuka kwesikhumba. Isikhumba siba owomile futhi sibe buthaka.
- Ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla.
- Ukulunywa kuvela emzimbeni futhi kunyuke nokujuluka.
Kuhlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus, ukwanda kokuxineka koshukela egazini kungaholela esimweni esiyingozi - ukuhlaselwa kwe-hyperglycemia, okudinga ukujova okuphuthumayo kwe-insulin.
Okuningi ngokuhluka phakathi kwezinhlobo zesifo sikashukela ezintweni zevidiyo:
Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokudla okunempilo
Ukuze uhlale uphilile, abantu abanesifo sikashukela banqunywa ukudla okukhethekile kokudla - inombolo yetafula 9. Umongo wokwelashwa kokudla ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa koshukela, amafutha nokudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate asheshayo.
Kunemihlahlandlela eyisisekelo yokudla kwabanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2:
- Emini, kufanele udle okungenani izikhathi ezi-5. Musa ukweqa ukudla futhi uvikele indlala.
- Izinsizakalo akufanele zibe zinkulu, ukudla ngokweqile akukufanele. Udinga ukusukuma etafuleni uzizwe ulambile.
- Ngemuva kokudla okulula, ungahamba uyolala kungakadluli amahora amathathu kamuva.
- Ungadli imifino wedwa. Uma ufuna ukudla, ungaphuza ingilazi ye-kefir.Amaprotheni adingekayo ukuze umzimba wakhe amaseli nemisipha emisha, futhi ama-carbohydrate anikezela amandla futhi aqinisekise ukusebenza kahle. Amafutha kufanele futhi abekhona ekudleni.
- Imifino kufanele ithathe uhhafu wevishini, umthamo osele uhlukaniswe phakathi kwemikhiqizo yamaprotheni nama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi.
- Ukudla kwansuku zonke kufanele kuqukethe ama-1200- 1400 kcal futhi aqukethe ama-20% amaprotheni, ama-50 ama-carbohydrate namafutha angama-30%. Ngomsebenzi owengeziwe womzimba, izinga lekhalori nalo liyakhuphuka.
- Sebenzisa ukudla okunenkomba ye-glycemic ephansi bese ungafaki leyo ene-GI ephezulu nephakathi.
- Gcina ibhalansi yamanzi nesiphuzo kusuka kumalitha ayi-1.5 kuye kwayi-2000 amanzi nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kwezobho, itiye namasiphu.
- Ngezindlela zokupheka, nikeza ukukhetha ekushiseni nasekuphathweni. Ukubhaka kwesinye isikhathi kuvunyelwe. Kwenqatshelwe ukuthambisa ukudla emafutheni.
- Kala ushukela ngaphambi kokudla nangemva kokudla.
- Ukudla i-fiber ethe xaxa, kunikeza umuzwa wokugcwala futhi kuthuthukise ukugaya.
- Ushukela ezitsheni ushintshwa nama-sweeteners wemvelo (i-stevia, i-fructose, i-xylitol).
- Ama-dessert namakhekhe akuvunyelwe ngaphezu kwesisodwa noma kabili ngesonto.
- Ungakhohlwa ukuthatha ama-vitamin complexes.
Imikhawulo eminingi kunzima ukuyigcina ekuqaleni, kepha ngokushesha ukondleka okufanele iba umkhuba futhi kungabe kusaba nobunzima. Ukuzizwa impilo engcono, kunesisusa sokulandela imigomo eyisisekelo yokudla ngokuya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwama-dessert okudla kanye nenani elincane (i-150 ml) lewayini elomile noma i-50 ml yeziphuzo ezinamandla kuvunyelwe.
Ukungezwa okusebenzayo ekudleni kuzoba ukwengeza kokuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo ngokomzimba: ejimini ejwayelekile, ukuhamba ngezinyawo isikhathi eside, ukubhukuda, ukushushuluza, ukuhamba ngamabhayisekili.
Imikhiqizo Ekhonjisiwe
Ukudla kusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwemikhiqizo yokudla engaqukethe amafutha ezilwane, ushukela kanye nama-carbohydrate amaningi.
Ezigulini nge-sah. isifo sikashukela ekudleni kufanele kube khona lezo zinto:
- imifino enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwefayibha (iklabishi elimhlophe neklabishi yaseBeijing, utamatisi, imifino, ithanga, ulethisi, isitshalo seqanda kanye namakhukhamba);
- abamhlophe amaqanda abilisiwe noma ama-omeleta. Ama-Yolks avunyelwe kanye noma kabili ngesonto.
- ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi
okuqukethwe okunamafutha amancane; - izifundo zokuqala ezinenyama noma inhlanzi azivunyelwe ngaphezu kwesonto kabili;
- inyama ebilisiwe, eyisitshulu noma ebhakwe ebunjiwe, inkukhu noma inhlanzi yezinhlobo ezinamafutha amancane;
- ibhali, i-buckwheat, i-oatmeal, ibhali kanye nokolweni okusanhlamvu;
- i-pasta elinganiselwe eyenziwe kukakolweni we-durum ikhawulelwe
- i-rye noma isinkwa esiphelele sokusanhlamvu asidluli izingcezu ezintathu ngesonto;
- ama-crackers ama-unsitterened omile nama-khekhe kusuka ku-rye, i-oat, ufulawa we-buckwheat akukho ngaphezu kwesonto kabili;
- izithelo ezingavuthiwe futhi eziphansi ze-carb kanye namajikijolo (izithelo zezithelo, ama-apula, amaplamu, ama-cherries, i-kiwis, i-lingonberry);
- amaminerali angenawo amakhabhoni, ikofi netiye ngaphandle koshukela ongeziwe, amasipuni asanda kufakwa emifino, ama-decoctions wezithelo ezomisiwe ngaphandle koshukela;
- ukudla kwasolwandle (squid, shrimp, mussels);
- ukhula lwasolwandle (kelp, sea kale);
- Amafutha emifino (imajarini engenawo amafutha, i-olive, i-sesame, i-corn kanye ne-oyili yelanga).
okuqukethwe okunamafutha amancane;Imikhiqizo Evinjelwe
Ukudla kwetafula 9 kungafaki ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo enjalo:
- imikhiqizo ekheniwe, ekhethiwe kanye nokubhema;
- imikhiqizo eseqediwe yinyama, okusanhlamvu, i-pasta, izindlela zokuphumula ezisheshayo, izitsha ezilungiselelwe iqhwa nokudla okusheshayo;
- kwenqatshelwe ukudla ingulube, iwundlu, inyama yenkukhu, ngaphandle kwenkukhu (isikhumba senkukhu siwumkhiqizo onamafutha amaningi futhi kufanele sisuswe), i-offal (izinso, ulimi, isibindi)
- isoseji ebilisiwe neyabhema, amasoseji, ophaya, isinqe;
- izinongo ezishisayo, izithosi nososo (lwesinaphi, ketchup);
- namakhekhe nesinkwa esenziwe ngofulawa wekolweni;
- imikhiqizo yobisi enoshukela nenamafutha (ubisi oluhlanjululwe, isigaxa esilinganiselwe, ushizi oxutshwe ne-chocolate icing, i-yogurts yezithelo, u-ayisikhilimu, ukhilimu omuncu no-ukhilimu);
- ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemifino equkethe isitashi kanye nenani lama-carbohydrate (izaqathe, amazambane, beet). Le mikhiqizo kufanele ivele etafuleni cishe amahlandla amabili ngesonto.
- ipasta, ilayisi ne-semolina;
- omisiwe, izithelo ezikheniwe kusiraphu, izithelo ezimnandi ezintsha namajikijolo (ubhanana, amajikijolo amajikijolo, izinsuku, amaperele);
- ushokoledi, iziphuzo namakhekhe ngo-ukhilimu, amaswidi;
- nqumela ekudleni uju namantongomane;
- amasoseji anamafutha, ushizi namafutha ezilwane (imayonnaise, i-adjika, ushizi we-feta, i-feta, ibhotela);
- iziphuzo ze-carbonated noshukela, iziphuzo ezifakiwe, ikofi eqinile netiye;
- iziphuzo eziqukethe utshwala.
Imenyu eyisampula yeviki
Iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kufanele zinamathele kwimenyu ehlanganiswe nsuku zonke.
Izitsha ezethulwe etafuleni, ungaqukethe ushukela, ube nokuqukethwe kwekhalori okuphansi kanye nesimo esamukelekayo sama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi, futhi ungathathi isikhathi esiningi ukulungiselela:
usuku | ibhulakufesi | Isidlakela esingu-1 | isidlo sasemini | 2 umthamo | isidlo sakusihlwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Okokuqala | I-150g omelet ngemifino Ingilazi yetiye | I-apula eliphakathi Itiye elingaphendulwanga | Isobho semifino yeBeetroot 200g Isigaxa seqanda seqanda le-150g Isigaxa sezinkwa | I-orange enkulu Amanzi amaminerali | I-150g izinhlanzi ezihlosiwe Isaladi yemifino I-200g kefir |
| Okwesibili | Iphalishi le-Buckwheat nge-apula 200g Itiye elingaphendulwanga | UMelon noStrawberry Cocktail | Isifuba senkukhu ngemifino engu-150g Umhluzi Wezithelo Omisiwe | Igoqwe ngezithelo | Isaladi lokudla kwasolwandle okungu-200g Isigaxa sezinkwa Ingilazi yetiye |
| Okwesithathu | Isaladi leklabishi elinokherothi 100g I-Omelet 150g, compote | Ishukela eliphansi elinamafutha amancane i-casserole 200g | Isobho ngemifino 200g Ama-bass wenyama we-150g, itiye | Ingilazi yobisi lwe-skim noma i-kefir | I-Oatmeal porridge 200g, I-Apple, ingilazi yetiye |
| Okwesine | Ikhukhamba isaladi ngamakhambi200g, itiye | Hambisa ngaphandle kwezengezo 2 kiwi | I-cutlet yenkukhu Buckwheat ohlangothini isidlo 150g Isigaxa sezinkwa | Isaladi lezithelo Ushizi wekotishi onamafutha amancane 100g | Isithambisi semifino engu-200g Umhluzi Wezithelo Omisiwe |
| Okwesihlanu | Inhlanzi eshisiwe engu-150g izaqathi Itiye elingaphendulwanga | Ushizi wama-150g ukhilimu omuncu ophansi onamafutha itiye | Isobho sezinhlanzi 200g Isifuba senkukhu Isaladi leklabishi | I-Avocado Ice Cream Phuza ikhofi | Buckwheat iphalishi 200g I-100g cottage shizi, itiye |
| Eyesithupha | Izaqathi ezigayiwe nge-apula 200g I-cutlet yenkukhu compote | Izithelo zisikiwe itiye | Isobho lebhontshisi Vala nge isitshalo seqanda 150g | Hambisa ngaphandle kwezengezo Uhhafu wamagilebhisi | I-Oatmeal ebisini 200g, itiye Idlanzana lamantongomane |
| Okwesikhombisa | Amaqanda aqhekeziwe nge-zucchini 150g Ushizi, itiye | Isaladi likhukhamba le-200g | Isobho semifino yeBeetroot 200g Amakhekhe ezinhlanzi Ukuhlobisa irayisi 100g | I-Oatmeal, iMelon neYogurt Smoothie | I-150g yenkukhu yenkukhu nemifino Isigaxa sezinkwa kefir |
Ungalandela imenyu enjalo yamasonto onke yabantu abanempilo abafuna ukudla okulungile nezinzuzo zezempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla okunesilinganiso okunjalo kuzokuvumela ukuthi wehlise isisindo ngaphandle komuzwa wokulamba. Izitsha zingashintshwa ekunambithekeni kwakho, kulandele izimiso eziyisisekelo zokudla.
Ividiyo yokudla okuhle yesifo sikashukela:
Uma ukudla okulungisiwe kuhlanganiswa nokuzivocavoca umzimba okujwayelekile, khona-ke, ngaphezu kokulahlekelwa amakhilogremu, ukugxilisa ushukela wegazi kuzoncipha futhi nemithambo yegazi ihlanzwe nge-cholesterol.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi abantu abaphethwe yi-pathologies yesisu kufanele badibanise ukudla nodokotela wabo ukuze bagweme izinkinga. Ukuqapha kufanele kusebenza kule mikhawulo nakwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
